Unit 3 Sports and fitness 知识点讲义 2021-2022学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Unit3SportsandfitnessAllsportsforallpeoplePierredeCoubertin皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦（PierreDeCoubertin，1863年1月1日—1937年9月2日），现代奥林匹克运动会的发起人，被誉为“现代奥林匹克之父”，终生倡导奥林匹克精神。Lifeliesinmovement.Readingistothemindwhileexercisetothebody.Sportsnotonlycanchangeaperson’sphysicalfitness,morecanchangeaperson’scharacter.Part1readingandthinking阅读技巧点拨1.Doyouknowanyotherworld-famousathletesathomeandabroad?Whatcanyoulearnfromthem??（tobehonest,Iamnotveryinterestedinathletescomparedwithcelebritiesinamusementcircle.）2.Predicting—LookatthepicturesandthetitlesonPage38andpredictwhatthetextisprobablyabout?ThetextisprobablyaboutthelifeandthestoriesaboutLangPingandJordan.1.Firstreading—Readthetwopassagescarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.(1)Asacoach，whatachievementsdidLangPingmake?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)WhathappenedwhentheChineseteamwaspreparingforthe2015WorldCup?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3)WhatmadeJordanmoreimpressive?______________________________________________________________(4)Whatisthesecrettohissuccess?______________________________________________________________2.Secondreading—Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetwopassages.3.Thirdreading(1)Summarizing:Readthetwopassagesagainandtrytosummarizetheirmainideainonesentence.______________________________________________________________(2)Thinkinganddiscussing:Whatarethecommonqualitiesofsuccessfulathletes?Youcanaddmorewordstothemindmap.句式欣赏1.动名词短语作主语 ①Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge,butLangPingdidnotloseheart. ②Losinggamestaughthimtopracticeharderandnevergiveup.2.英文排比句式 Asaplayer,LangPingbroughthonourandglorytohercountry.Asacoach,heledtheChinawomen’svolleyballteamtomedalsatworldchampionshipsandtheOlympics.Asaperson,LangPingislovedbyfansathomeandabroad.3.which引导定语从句 TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.4.that引导定语从句 Jordan’sskillswereimpressive,butthementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.

5.who引导定语从句 Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.补充阅读：Part2：wordsandexpressions1.fitnessn.theconditionofbeingphysicallystrongandhealthy健壮，健康• Wesawavictorybyanathleteattheverypeakofherfitnessandcareer.• Hisdancingtechniqueisgood,butheneedstoworkonhisfitness.howsuitablesomeoneorsomethingis合适；胜任Hisfitnessforthenewpositionisnotinquestion.2.stadiumn.alargeclosedareaoflandwithrowsofseatsaroundthesidesandoftenwithnoroof,usedforsportseventsandmusicalperformances体育场Thousandsoffanspackedintothestadiumtowatchthematch.Thestadiumhasaseatingcapacityof50000.Gymn.alargeroomwithequipmentforexercisingthebodyandincreasingstrength体操馆，健身房Weplayedbasketballinthegym.3.eventn.anythingthathappens,especiallysomethingimportantorunusual（尤指重大或不寻常的）事情，事件Thepolicearetryingtodeterminetheseriesofeventsthatleduptothemurder.oneofasetofracesorcompetitions（比赛的）项目Thewomen's200metreeventwillbefollowedbythemen's100metres.intheeventofsth=ifsomethinghappens如果…发生；万一Intheeventofastrike,thearmywilltakeoverresponsibilityforfirefighting.intheeventusedtoemphasizethatwhathappenedwasnotwhatyouexpected（强调出乎意料）结果，到头来（却）Wehadexpectedtoarriveanhourlate,butintheeventwewereearly.inthatevent=ifthathappens如果是那样的话，如果那种情况发生There'sapossibilityofmyflightbeingdelayed.InthateventI'llphonetoletyouknow.4.comealongtoarriveorappearataplaceWe'regoingtotheswimmingpool-youcancomealonglaterifyouwant.togosomewherewithsomeone跟随，一同去We'regoingtothecinema.Doyouwanttocomealong?--tostarttoexist开始存在；出现；降临Igaveupclimbingwhenmyfirstchildcamealong.usedtotellsomeonetohurry（用于催促）快，赶快Comealong-wedon'twanttobelate!ifsomethingiscomingalong,itisdevelopingorimproving.发展；进步Hassan'sEnglishisreallycomingalong.5.hostn.someonewhohasguests主人，东道主Wethankedourhostsforaveryenjoyableevening.apersonwhointroducesguestsandperformers,especiallyontelevisionorradio（电视或广播节目的）主持人Ourhostfortonight'sshowisJimmyFallon.aplaceororganizationthatprovidesthespaceandothernecessarythingsforaspecialevent主办方，东道主Japanisplayinghosttothenextinternationalconference.alargenumberofsomething许多，大量There'sawholehostofreasonswhyhedidn'tgetthejob.toprovidethespaceandotherthingsnecessaryforaspecialevent主办（为一活动提供举办场所和其他必需品）SouthAfricahassubmittedanapplicationtohosttheWorldCup.tobethehostofatelevisionorradioprogramme主持（电视或广播节目）tohostashow/programme6.trackn.thepairoflongmetalbarsfixedonthegroundatanequaldistancefromeachother,alongwhichtrainstravel（铁路的）轨道aten-milestretchoftrackapathorroughroadthatismadeofsoilratherthanhavingasurfacecoveredwithstoneorothermaterialThehouseisattheendofadirt/anunmadetrack.atypeofpathorroad,oftenintheshapeofaring,thathasbeenspeciallydesignedandbuiltforsportsevents,especiallyracingTherunnersarenowontheirfinallapofthetrack.asportinwhichpeoplecompetewitheachotherbyrunningaraceonaspeciallypreparedcircularpath径赛运动atrackevent径赛amarkorlineofmarksleftonthegroundoronanothersurfacebyananimal,person,orvehiclethathasmovedoverit,showingthedirectiontheymovedin踪迹；足迹；车辙Thehuntersfollowedthetracksofthedeerforhours.amarkorlineofmarksleftonthegroundoronanothersurfacebyananimal,person,orvehiclethathasmovedoverit,showingthedirectiontheymovedin踪迹；足迹；车辙Policefoundtyretracksinthemud.Thehuntersfollowedthetracksofthedeerforhours.thedirectionthatsomethinghastakenorwilltakethroughtheair（在空中运行的）轨迹，路线Peoplelivinginthetrackofthehurricanehavebeenadvisedtoleavetheirhomesuntilithaspassed.tofollowapersonoranimalbylookingforproofthattheyhavebeensomewhere,orbyusingelectronicequipment跟踪，追踪It'sdifficulttotrackananimaloverstonyground.Themilitaryuseradarsatellitestotracktargetsthroughcloudsandatnight.Trackandfieldtrackmeettrackevent7.workouttoexerciseinordertoimprovethestrengthorappearanceofyourbody锻炼身体Huwworksoutinthegymtwoorthreetimesaweek.tobetheresultofacalculation结果是；算下来ThesefiguresworkoutdifferentlyeachtimeIaddthem.tohappenordevelopinaparticularway发生；发展Howisthenewmonitoringprocedureworkingout?8.sweatn./v.theclear,saltyliquidthatyoupassthroughyourskin汗，汗水Thedancersweredrippingwith/pouringwithsweatafteramorning'srehearsal.Shewipedthebeads(=drops)ofsweatfromherforehead.Thecathedralwasbuiltbyhumantoilandsweat(=effort).topasssweatthroughtheskinbecauseyouarehot,ill,orfrightened流汗，出汗，冒汗ItwassohotwhenwearrivedinTripolithatwestartedtosweatassoonaswegotofftheplane.Theprisonersweresweatingwithfear.9.legendn.averyoldstoryorsetofstoriesfromancienttimes,orthestories,notalwaystrue,thatpeopletellaboutafamouseventorperson传说，传奇故事；民间故事ThedancewasbasedonseveralHindulegends.Legendhasit(=peoplesay)thathealwaysworehisbootsinbed.Thismatchwillgointotennislegend(=itwillalwaysberemembered).someoneveryfamousandadmired,usuallybecauseoftheirabilityinaparticulararea传奇人物JazzlegendEllaFitzgeraldoncesanginthisbar.10.mastern.thepersonwhoowns,caresfor,andcontrolsananimal（动物的）主人Withcarefultraining,adogwillobeyitsmastercompletely.apersonwhoemploysaservantorownsaslave（雇佣人或拥有奴隶的）主人Servantshadtoobeytheirmasters.佣人必须服从主人。apersonwhohascontroloveraparticularsituation（用控制能力的）主宰，主人Shewasthevictimofhercircumstancesratherthanthemasterofherfate.thecaptainofashipthatcarriesgoods（货船的）船长Ship'smastersareinchargeofaship,itscrewandanycargoitiscarrying,atseaandinport.apersonwhoisveryskilledinaparticularjoboractivity大师，名家；专家Hewasamasterofdisguise.afamousandveryskilledpainter杰出画家，著名画家Thispaintingisclearlytheworkofamaster.tolearntocontrolanemotionorfeeling征服，制伏；控制Ifinallymasteredmyfearofflying.tolearnhowtodosomethingwell精通，掌握tomasteratechnique掌握一项技术ShelivedinItalyforseveralyearsbutneverquitemasteredthelanguage.11.honorn./v.aqualitythatcombinesrespect,beingproud,andhonesty名誉，荣誉；高尚品德amanofhonour品德高尚的人Wefoughtforthehonourofourcountry.inhonourofsb/sthinordertocelebrateorshowgreatrespectforsomeoneorsomething为了庆祝…；为表示对…的尊敬abanquetinhonourofthepresidentbe/feelhonourboundtodosth(alsobe/feelhonour-boundtodosth)tofeelyoumustdosomethingbecauseitismorallyright,evenifyoudonotwanttodoitIfelthonourboundtotellhimthetruth.dosbthehonourofdoingsthformaltomakesomeoneproudandhappybydoingorbeingsomethingWouldyoudomethehonourofaccompanyingmetotheNewYearBall?areward,prize,ortitlethatpubliclyexpressesadmirationorrespect奖励；荣誉；荣誉头衔Shereceivedanhonourforherservicestothecommunity.Hewasburiedwithfullmilitaryhonours(=withaspecialcelebrationtoshowrespect).toshowgreatrespectforsomeoneorsomething,especiallyinpublic（尤指在公开场合）向…致敬Hewashonouredforhisbravery.formalWearehonoured(=proudandhappy)tohaveyouheretonight.12.medaln./v.asmallmetaldisc,withwordsorapictureonit,givenasarewardforabraveaction,forwinningacompetition,ortorememberaspecialevent奖章；奖牌；勋章；纪念章Hewasawardedamedalforbravery.Thetwoathletesarecompetingforthegoldmedal.Themedalisbeingkeenlycontestedbyeightgymnasts.towinamedalinasportscompetition（体育比赛中）获得奖牌Shemedalledinboththeheptathlonandthelongjump.13.determinationn.theabilitytocontinuetryingtodosomething,althoughitisverydifficult决心；毅力Herambitionanddoggeddeterminationensuredthatsherosetothetopofherprofession.Herdetermination,teamworkskillsandleadershipcapabilitiesconvincedusthatshewasperfectforthejob.theprocessofcontrolling,influencing,ordecidingsomething决定，确定Thedeterminationofpolicyisnotyourbusiness-yourjobistoimplementit.英语写作小tip：Determinetodosth=makeadeterminationtodosth=bedeterminedtodosthPlantodosth=makeaplantodosthIntendtodosth=makeanintentionofdoingsthSurveysth=makeasurveyofsthStudysth=makeastudyofsthAnalyzesth=makeananalysisofsth14.apartfrom=asidefrom=otherthan…Apartseparatedbyadistanceorbytime（指空间或时间）相隔，相距Standwithyourfeetwideapart.Wewereaskedtostandintwolinesthreemetresapart.intosmallerpieces成碎片；成零碎；破裂Myjacketissooldit'sfallingapart.Itookthemotorapart(=separateditintopieces)toseehowitworked.Wemadeadeliberatedecisiontoliveapartforawhile.15.injurev.tohurtorcausephysicalharmtoapersonoranimal伤害，损害Abombexplodedattheembassy,injuringseveralpeople.Injuredadj.hurtorphysicallyharmed受伤的Shewastoldtostayinbedtorestherinjuredback.Ifyourfeelingsareinjured,someonehasoffendedorupsetyou.（感情上）受到伤害的It'snothingmorethaninjuredpride.Theinjuredweretakentoseveralnearbyhospitals.Injuryn.--physicalharmordamagetosomeone'sbodycausedbyanaccidentoranattack伤害，损伤Theywereluckytoescape(without)injury.Theteamcaptainwasforcedtowithdrawfromthematchduetoinjury.16.gracefuladj.--movinginasmooth,relaxed,attractiveway,orhavingasmooth,attractiveshape优美的；优雅的；雅致的gracefulmovements优雅的动作Sheisawonderfullygracefuldancer.behavinginapoliteandpleasantway得体的，体面的；有风度的Shefinallyapologized,butshewasn'tverygracefulaboutit.17.strengthn.theabilitytodothingsthatneedalotofphysicalormentaleffort体力；力气；力量；实力Shehadthestrengthandstaminatotaketheleadandwinthegoldmedal.Admittingyou'vemadeamistakeisasignofstrength,notweakness.Heshowedgreatstrengthofcharacterwhenherefusedtoacceptthebribes.Wewillstruggleon,drawingourstrengthfromthecourageofothers.agoodcharacteristic优点，长处，强项She'swellawareofherstrengthsandweaknessesasanartist.Hisgreateststrengthsarehisdeterminationandresilience.thenumberofpeopleinagroup人数；人力What'sthecurrentstrengthofthecity'spoliceforce?instrength=inlargenumbers大量地Demonstratorsarrivedinstrengthtoprotestagainstthemilitaryaction.atfullstrength=atthebestlevelofabilitypossible处于最佳状态；处于能力最强的阶段Heisnotexpectedtobeatfullstrengthfortherestoftheseason.18.failuren.--thefactofsomeoneorsomethingnotsucceeding失败；失败的人（或事）Themeetingwasacomplete/totalfailure.I'mabitofafailureatmaking(=Icannotmake)cakes.Ifeelsuchafailure(=sounsuccessful).TheirattempttoclimbEverestendedinfailure.Thewholeprojectwasdoomedtofailurerightfromthestart(=itcouldneverhavesucceeded).Anothercropfailurecouldresultinwidespreadfamine.thefactofnotdoingsomethingthatyoumustdoorareexpectedtodo未履行；没做到Hisfailuretoreturnherphonecallmadeherrealizethatsomethingwaswrong.Failuretokeepthechemicalattherighttemperaturecouldleadtoanexplosion.thefactofsomethingnotworking,orstoppingworkingaswellasitshould故障；失灵；衰退；衰竭Hediedofheart/liverfailure.Theaccidentwascausedbythefailureofthereactor'scoolingsystem.Thenumberofbusinessfailuresrosesteeplylastyear.Afterthreecropfailuresinarow,thepeoplefacestarvation.19.competev.totrytobemoresuccessfulthansomeoneorsomethingelse竞争It'sdifficultforasmallshoptocompeteagainst/withthebigsupermarkets.Bothgirlscompetefortheirfather'sattention.totakepartinaraceorcompetition参加赛跑；参与竞争；争夺Areyoucompetinginthe100metres?20.pretendv.tobehaveasifsomethingistruewhenyouknowthatitisnot,especiallyinordertodeceivepeopleorasagame假装，伪称；（游戏中）装扮[+(that)]Hepretended(that)hedidn'tmind,butIknewthathedid.Thechildrenpretended(that)theyweredinosaurs.[+toinfinitive]Wereyoujustpretendingtobeinterested?21.cheatv./n.tobehaveinadishonestwayinordertogetwhatyouwant欺骗，行骗；作弊Anyonecaughtcheatingwillbeimmediatelydisqualifiedfromtheexam.Theycheatpeoplebychargingtoomuchforbuildingmaterials.apersonwhobehavesinadishonestway骗子；作弊者Troublebrokeoutinthematchwhenoneoftheplayerscalledamemberoftheotherteamacheat.somethingdishonestthatmakespeoplebelievethatsomethingistruewhenitisnot骗人的东西Youcanusecocoapowdertomakethecakeratherthanchocolate-it'sabitofacheat,butnobodynoticesthedifference.22.audiencen.thegroupofpeopletogetherinoneplacetowatchorlistentoaplay,film,someonespeaking,etc.观众；听众；读者Shelecturestoaudiencesallovertheworld.Thesecrettopublicspeakingistogettheaudienceonyourside.Theaudiencewas/wereclearlydelightedwiththeperformance.the(numberof)peoplewatchingorlisteningtoaparticulartelevisionorradioprogramme,readingaparticularbook,orvisitingaparticularwebsite观众人数；听众人数；读者人数Herlatestbookshouldappealtoalargeaudience(=manypeoplewillwanttoreadit).Theaudienceclappedandcheeredwhenshestooduptospeak.Sheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetitiontoanexcitedaudience23.positiveadj.fullofhopeandconfidence,orgivingcauseforhopeandconfidence建设性的；积极的；怀有希望的Onamorepositivenote,we'reseeingsignsthatthehousingmarketispickingup.ThepasttenyearshaveseensomeverypositivedevelopmentsinEast-Westrelations.Therewasaverypositiveresponsetoournewdesign-peopleseemedverypleasedwithit.certainandwithoutanydoubt有把握的，确信的，肯定的Areyoupositive(that)yousawmeswitchtheironoff?(ofamedicaltest)showingthatapersonhasthediseaseorconditionforwhichtheyarebeingtested（医学检测）呈阳性的He'sHIVpositive.24.slimadj.negative(especiallyofpeople)attractivelythin（尤指人）苗条的，纤细的Shewasofslimbuildwithshort,darkhair.verysmall非常小的Theyonlyhaveaslimchanceofwinning(=it'sunlikelythattheywillwin).totrytogetthinnerbyeatinglessfoodanddoingmoreexercise减肥，瘦身Youdon'thavemuchlunch-areyouslimming?25.dietn.thefoodanddrinkusuallyeatenordrunkbyapersonorgroup（日常）饮食Dietvariesbetweendifferentcountriesintheworld.ahealthy/balanced/varieddietThechildrenseemtoexistonadietoffriedfood.aneatingplaninwhichsomeoneeatslessfood,oronlyparticulartypesoffood,becausetheywanttobecomethinnerorformedicalreasons节食，限制饮食I'mgoingonadietnextweekandhopetolosetenpoundsbeforeChristmas.acrash/strict/calorie-controlleddiet突击／严格／控制热量的节食Dietfoodordrinkcontainslesssugarorfatthantheusualtype,andoftencontainsanartificialsweetener.（食物或饮品）健康的，低脂的，低糖的dietcola健怡可乐tolimitthefoodand/ordrinkthatyouhave,especiallyinordertoloseweight（尤指为减肥而）节食，控制饮食Youshouldbeabletoreduceyourweightbycarefuldieting.26.ratherquite;toaslightdegree相当；有点儿，稍微It'srathercoldtoday,isn'tit?That'sratheradifficultbook-here'saneasieroneforyou.Thetrainwasrathertoocrowdedforacomfortablejourney.Itisarathergrey,colourlesscity,withfewinterestingsightsorhistoricalmonuments.moreaccurately;moreexactly更确切些；更准确地说She'llflytoCaliforniaonThursday,orrather,shewillifshehasto.usedtoexpressanoppositeopinion恰恰相反；而是Theendingofthewarisnotacauseforcelebration,butratherforregretthatiteverhappened.ratherthaninsteadof;usedespeciallywhenyoupreferonethingtoanother宁愿，更喜欢；而不是Helicoptersaremainlyusedformilitaryratherthanciviluse.very;toalargedegree非常；很Actually,Ididratherwellinmyexams.27.stressgreatworrycausedbyadifficultsituation,orsomethingthatcausesthiscondition紧张，压力；造成紧张的因素Peopleunderalotofstressmayexperienceheadaches,minorpains,andsleepingdifficulties.Yogaisaveryeffectivetechniqueforcombatingstress.thestressesandstrainsofthejobstress-relatedillnessthewaythatawordorsyllableispronouncedwithgreaterforcethanotherwordsinthesamesentenceorothersyllablesinthesameword重读，用重音读Themeaningofasentenceoftendependsonstressandintonation.aforcethatactsinawaythatoftenchangestheshapeofanobject压力；应力Computersworkoutthestressesthatsuchacraftwillencounterinflight.Joggingputsalotofstressonyourkneejoints。emphasis强调Duringhisspeech,helaidparticularstressonthefreedomofthepress.togiveemphasisorspecialimportancetosomething强调，着重[+(that)]Heiscarefultostress(that)thelaboratory'ssafetystandardsarethebestinthecountry.I'djustliketostresstheimportanceofneatnessandpolitenessinthisjob.tofeelworriedandnervous紧张，焦虑，担心Don'tstressoverit-we'llsoongetitsortedout.Part3：tagquestions(略)Part反义疑问句（初中重点，高中非重点，非考试常考点）4:readingforwritingStep1:ListtheoutlineofthepassageParagraph1:___________________________________________________Paragraph2:___________________________________________________Paragraph3:___________________________________________________Writingpoints:Thepast:Iworriedaboutmyweightandtriedeverynewdiet.Thechanges:Ifocusedonfitnessratherthandietandweight.Thepresent:IbecamepositiveandIbecamebothhappierandhealthier.Step2:Listthewords,phrasesandsentencesthatwillbeused.写作常用词汇1．slimadj.苗条的；单薄的2．weightn．体重3．dietn．饮食4．challengev．挑战5．refreshedadj.恢复精神的6．energeticadj.充满活力的7．worryabout担心8．keepfit保持健康9．catchacoldnowandthen时常感冒1.Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth. 运动与健康息息相关。2.Weshouldgetintothehabitofkeepinggoodhours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。3.Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。4.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedtosmoking. 依照最近的一项调查,每年有4000000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。5.Unlessyoukeepabalanceddiet,youwillputonweight. 除非你保持均衡的饮食,否则将会增加体重。6.Earlytobedandearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise. 早睡早起会使人健康、富有和聪明。7.Thewalldependsonthefoundation,andthebodydependsonexercise. 墙靠基础坚,身强靠锻炼。1．Iaddhealthyfoodtomymeals.我把健康食品加到我的饮食中。2．ImadealistofthethingsIlikedaboutmyself.我对自己喜欢的东西列了一个清单。3．Bybeingpositiveaboutmyselfandmybody,Ibecamebothhappierandhealthier.对自己和自己的身体有了积极肯定的态度后，我变得更幸福，更健康了。4．Ireadanarticlethatsaidperformingtaichiwouldmakeadifference.我读过一篇文章，上面写道打太极拳会有作用。5．Imakeitaruletogetupearly.早起成了我的一项有规律的活动。6．Mybodyisbuildingupbyworkingouteveryday.通过天天锻炼，我的身体正在慢慢强壮起来。成品作文：WhenIwasalittlechild,IwassoweakthatIcaughtacoldnowandthen.Asaresult,goingtoschoolregularlywasabigchallengetome.ThenIreadanarticle,whichsaidjogginginthemorningwouldmakearealdifference.SoIfollowtheadviceandputitintopracticeeveryday.Now,Imakeitaruletogetupearlyandjogforabouthalfanhour.Afterthat,Ifeelrefreshedandenergetic.Atpresent,mybodyisbuildingupbyworkingouteveryday,whichbenefitsmydailylifegreatly.与锻炼身体相关的其他文章的考点：你校学生会做了一个关于中学生睡眠、饮食和休闲等方面的调查，发现学生有许多不良的生活习惯。请根据以上信息写一篇80词左右的英语短文。要求如下：1．简述一些坏习惯可能产生的不良影响；2．呼吁广大中学生培养健康的睡眠、饮食和休闲习惯。注意：文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数。Let’sdevelopahealthylifestyleAccordingtoasurveyamongmiddleschoolstudents,manystudentshavethe