《物流专业英语》13《物流专业英语》Unit13ftransportsupply1

Readingmaterials阅读材料Transportasasystem运输的系统性Amajorfeatureoftransportisthatitissystematic,andthatitismadeupofanumberofdifferentcomponents,allofwhichmustworktogethertoproducethenecessaryoutput.Ontherailway,forexample,ifthetrackfailsbecauseofabrokenrailorstuckpointsthewholesystemisbroughtdown,eventhoughtheremaybenothingwrongwiththetrainsthemselves.运输的主要特征是其系统性，并且它是由若干不同的部分所组成的，所有这些部分必须协同工作才能带来必要的产出。譬如说在铁道上，如果因为铁轨断裂或出现卡点而致使轨道失灵，整个系统就会瘫痪，即使火车本身没有出现任何故障。Thecomponentsofthetransportsystemareasfollows.Thewayortrack,roadTheterminalorinterchangeControlandcommunicationsThevehicleorcarryingunit运输系统的组成部分如下：道路或轨道、公路终点点或中转站控制及通信系统车辆或运载单元Itisthenatureofthesesystemcomponentsthatdeterminethecharacteristicsofthevariousmodesoftransportandtheirsuitabilityfordifferentpurposes.Therearealsosignificantdifferencesinthewaydifferentmodesaretreatedintermsofprovisionoftheinfrastructureandaccesstoitforvehicles.正是这些系统组成部分的性质决定了各种不同运输方式的特性及其不同用途的适合性。依照基础设施的供给和车辆对基础设施的使用情况，在处理不同运输方式的方法上也有着显著的区别。Allmodes(exceptpipelines,althoughaconveyorbeltormovingwalkwaymaybeconsideredapipeline)carrybothfreightandpassengers.Road,rail,andpipelineallrequireawaytobeconstructedandtherearethuslimitationsastowherethetrafficcango.Roadtransportistheonlymodeinwhichthereissignificantcarriageofpassengersinindividuallyownedvehicles.所有运输方式（管道除外，虽然传送带或移动人行道也会被看作是管道）都装运货