《物流专业英语》09《物流专业英语》Unit9Thelogisticsdistributionprocess1

Readingmaterials阅读材料Walmart’sdistributionsystem沃尔玛的配送体系AtpresentWalmartownsmorethan20DCs,providingservicerespectivelytoover2,500retailoutletsin18statesacrosstheStates.现在沃尔玛拥有20多家配送中心，分别服务于美国18个州超过2500家商场。Manylargechainstoresoutsourcealltheirshipmenttaskstospecialistfreightforwardersinhopesofreducingcosts.HoweverWalmarthaslongpersistedinhavingitsownfleetanddriversinordertomaintainflexibilityandoptimalservice.许多大连锁店都是将运输工作包给专业货运公司，希望这样可以降低成本，但沃尔玛一直坚持拥有自己的车队和司机，以保持灵活性和优化服务。Walmart’sautomatedreplenishmentsystemhasadoptedthetechnologiesofbarcode(UPC–universalproductcode),RFDC(radiofrequencydatacommunication)andcomputerizedautomaticanalysis,makingthereplenishmentoperationmoreaccurate,efficient,withreducedcosts.沃尔玛的自动补货系统采用条形码(UPC)技术，射频数据通讯(RFDC)技术和电脑自动系统分析,使得补货作业更加准确、高效，降低了成本。Walmartownsafleetofover20milliontractors,3,700plusdrivers,withanannualshipmentof77,000vehicles/timesandanaccident-freerecordin3millionkilometersofjourney.Computerizedschedulingisadoptedinthefleet,withGPSsystemstopositionandtracethevehicles.沃尔玛有2000多万辆牵引车，3700多名司机，车队每年运输次数达7．7万辆次，并创下了300万公里无事故记录。车队采用电脑进行车辆调度并通过全球卫星定位系统对车辆进行定位跟踪。Walmart’soutletsordergoodsviacomputertotheirheadquarter,averagingtwodaysforreplenishment,andinemergentcases,goodscanarrivethesecondday.Whileitscompetitorscannotintimemakereplenishment,Walmartkeepssufficientgoodsontheshelf,thuswinningthecuttingedge.沃尔玛的门店通过电脑向总部订货，平均只需两天就可以补货，如果急需，则第二天即可到货。在其竞争对手不能及时补货时，沃尔玛的货架总是保持充盈，从而赢得竞争优势Walmart’sfleetalsoadoptsarangeofscientificandreasonableshipmenttactics,suchasfullloadshipment,loadingofbulkgoods,nighttimedelivery,etc.MeanwhileitinstructsthesupplierstostockupgoodsaspertheorderrequirementsandmakeJITdeliverybyappointment.InsodoingtheoperationcostsofbothWalmartandsuppliersisr