2026年重庆市人教版初中英语下册第3单元语法填空专项题库

2026年重庆市人教版初中英语下册第3单元语法填空专项题库一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Mr.Smithisinterestedincollectingstamps.Hespendsmostofhisfreetime______stampsfromallovertheworld.A.collectB.collectingC.tocollectD.collected【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“史密斯先生对收集邮票很感兴趣。他花大部分空闲时间收集来自世界各地的邮票。”根据句意，spendtimedoingsth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，故用动词ing形式，选B。A项为动词原形，不符合语法；C项tocollect为不定式，不适用于该结构；D项collected为过去分词，不符合语法。2.Thegirlinredismysister.Sheis______tohelpotherswhenevershehastime.A.happyB.happyforC.happyaboutD.happily【答案】A【解析】考查形容词用法。句意为“穿红衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。她乐于在有时间的时候帮助别人。”behappytodosth.为固定搭配，表示“很高兴做某事”，故选A。B项happyfor无此搭配；C项happyabout表示“对……感到高兴”，不符合语境；D项happily为副词，不能修饰动词tohelp。3.Myparentsoftentellmeto______moreexercise,butIdon’tthinkit’snecessary.A.takeB.takesC.takingD.taken【答案】A【解析】考查动词用法。句意为“我的父母经常告诉我多锻炼，但我认为没有必要。”tellsb.todosth.为固定搭配，表示“告诉某人做某事”，故用动词原形，选A。B项takes第三人称单数形式错误；C项taking为动名词；D项taken为过去分词，不符合语法。4.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshould______moreEnglishmovies.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.watched【答案】A【解析】考查动词用法。句意为“如果你想提高英语水平，你应该多看英语电影。”should后接动词原形，表示“应该做某事”，故选A。B项watches第三人称单数形式错误；C项watching为动名词；D项watched为过去分词，不符合语法。5.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意为“老师问学生们是否完成了作业。”asksb.whether/if...为固定搭配，表示“问某人是否……”，故选C。A项if和C项whether均可，但whether更正式；B项that不引导宾语从句；D项what不适用于此处。6.Mybrotherisgoodatplayingthepiano,______heisn’tverygoodatmath.A.butB.andC.orD.so【答案】A【解析】考查连词用法。句意为“我哥哥擅长弹钢琴，但他数学不太好。”but表示转折，连接两个对比的句子，故选A。B项and表示并列；C项or表示选择；D项so表示因果。7.It’simportanttokeepahealthylifestyle,______youshouldeatnutritiousfoodandexerciseregularly.A.becauseB.soC.butD.for【答案】A【解析】考查连词用法。句意为“保持健康的生活方式很重要，因为你应该吃有营养的食物并定期锻炼。”because表示原因，连接原因状语从句，故选A。B项so表示结果；C项but表示转折；D项for通常放在句首，表示原因。8.Thestudentsweresurprised______theteachertoldthemthenews.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.where【答案】A【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意为“当老师告诉他们消息时，学生们很惊讶。”when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，故选A。B项that不引导时间状语从句；C项what不适用于此处；D项where引导地点状语从句。9.Idon’tknow______languageshespeaksathome.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意为“我不知道她在家说哪种语言。”knowwhatlanguageshespeaksathome为宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语，故选B。A项which通常指物；C项that不引导宾语从句；D项how表示方式。10.Thebookis______interesting,somanystudentswanttoreadit.A.soB.suchC.veryD.too【答案】B【解析】考查such...that...结构。句意为“这本书很有趣，所以很多学生想读。”such...that...为固定搭配，表示“如此……以至于……”，故选B。A项so后需加形容词或副词；C项very不能与that搭配；D项too后需加形容词或副词，且通常与too...to...连用。二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1.Ifyou______(be)lateforthemeeting,pleasecallmeimmediately.【答案】are【解析】考查一般现在时。句意为“如果你开会迟到，请立即给我打电话。”if引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主语you为第三人称单数，故填are。2.Thegirl______(wear)abluedressismybestfriend.【答案】wearing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“穿蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的好朋友。”Thegirl和wear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故填wearing。3.Myfatheroftenasksme______(do)myhomeworkafterschool.【答案】todo【解析】考查不定式。句意为“我父亲经常让我放学后做作业。”asksb.todosth.为固定搭配，表示“告诉某人做某事”，故填todo。4.It’simportant______you______(study)hardifyouwanttopasstheexam.【答案】for;tostudy【解析】考查介词和不定式。句意为“如果你想通过考试，重要的是你要努力学习。”It’simportantforsb.todosth.为固定搭配，故填for和tostudy。5.Thestudentswereexcited______they______(hear)thegoodnews.【答案】when;heard【解析】考查时间状语从句和一般过去时。句意为“当学生们听到好消息时，他们很兴奋。”when引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语they为复数，故填heard。6.Idon’tknow______(go)tothelibraryorwatchamovietonight.【答案】whethertogo【解析】考查宾语从句和不定式。句意为“我不知道今晚是去图书馆还是看电影。”knowwhethertodosth.ordosth.为固定搭配，故填whethertogo。7.Theteachertoldthestudents______they______(be)honestandfriendly.【答案】tobe【解析】考查不定式。句意为“老师告诉学生们要诚实友好。”tellsb.todosth.为固定搭配，表示“告诉某人做某事”，故填tobe。8.Theboy______(play)basketballisverytall.【答案】playing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“打篮球的那个男孩很高。”Theboy和play之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故填playing。9.Ifyou______(have)agoodidea,pleaseshareitwithus.【答案】have【解析】考查一般现在时。句意为“如果你有好的想法，请和我们分享。”if引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主语you为第三人称单数，故填have。10.Thewoman______(carry)ababyismymother.【答案】carrying【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“那个抱着婴儿的女人是我的母亲。”Thewoman和carry之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故填carrying。三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thestudentswerehappybecausetheyhadpassedtheexam.(×)【解析】错。because引导原因状语从句，但句中hadpassedtheexam为过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去，而happy为一般过去时，时态不一致。应改为Thestudentswerehappybecausetheyhadpassedtheexam.2.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillgotothepark.(√)【解析】对。if引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，符合语法规则。3.Thegirlwhoiswearingareddressismysister.(√)【解析】对。who引导定语从句，修饰Thegirl，符合语法规则。4.Myfatheraskedmetodomyhomeworkyesterday.(√)【解析】对。asksb.todosth.为固定搭配，表示“告诉某人做某事”，符合语法规则。5.Theboywhoplaysbasketballisverytall.(√)【解析】对。who引导定语从句，修饰Theboy，符合语法规则。6.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshouldwatchEnglishmovies.(×)【解析】错。should后接动词原形，表示“应该做某事”，应改为youshouldwatchEnglishmovies.7.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheywerelatefortheclass.(×)【解析】错。that不引导宾语从句，应改为what或how，或改为Theteachertoldthestudentstheywerelatefortheclass.8.Thegirlinblueismysister.Sheishappytohelpothers.(√)【解析】对。behappytodosth.为固定搭配，表示“很高兴做某事”，符合语法规则。9.Thestudentsweresurprisedwhentheteachertoldthemthenews.(√)【解析】对。when引导时间状语从句，符合语法规则。10.Idon’tknowwhethertogotothelibraryorwatchamovietonight.(√)【解析】对。whethertodosth.ordosth.为固定搭配，表示“是做某事还是做某事”，符合语法规则。四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthestructureofthesentence"Thegirlwhoiswearingabluedressismysister."【参考答案】Thesentence"Thegirlwhoiswearingabluedressismysister."consistsofamainclauseandarelativeclause.Themainclauseis"Thegirlismysister,"andtherelativeclauseis"whoiswearingabluedress."Therelativeclausemodifies"Thegirl,"providingadditionalinformationabouther."Who"istherelativepronoun,referringto"Thegirl,"and"iswearingabluedress"isthepredicateoftherelativeclause.Thesentencestructureissubject+verb+subject+relativeclause.【解析】主句为"Thegirlismysister"，定语从句为"whoiswearingabluedress"，修饰主句中的"Thegirl"。who在从句中作主语，iswearingabluedress作谓语。整个句子结构为：主句+定语从句。2.Whatisthedifferencebetween"if"and"whether"?【参考答案】"If"and"whether"bothintroduceconditionalclauses,buttheyhavedifferentuses."If"isusedinconditionalsentences,suchas"Ifitrains,wewillstayhome.""Whether"isusedinindirectquestionsorwhenthereisachoice,suchas"Idon’tknowwhethertogoorstay.""Whether"canbeusedatthebeginningofasentence,but"if"cannot.Forexample,"Whetherwecanfinishtheworkontimeisuncertain."【解析】"If"用于条件状语从句，表示条件关系；"whether"用于间接疑问句或表示选择时，可以位于句首，而"if"不能。3.Howdoyouuse"so...that..."and"such...that..."?【参考答案】"So...that..."and"such...that..."arebothusedtoexpressaresult."So...that..."isfollowedbyanadjectiveoradverb,suchas"Heissotallthathecanreachthetopshelf.""Such...that..."isfollowedbyanoun,suchas"Thebookissointerestingthatmanystudentswanttoreadit."【解析】"So...that..."后接形容词或副词，表示“如此……以至于……”；"such...that..."后接名词，表示“如此……以至于……”。4.Whydoweusethepresentcontinuoustensein"Theboywhoisplayingbasketballisverytall"?【参考答案】In"Theboywhoisplayingbasketballisverytall,"thepresentcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatishappeningatthemomentofspeaking."Isplaying"indicatesthattheboyiscurrentlyplayingbasketball,andthesentenceprovidesadditionalinformationabouthim.【解析】现在进行时用于描述正在进行的动作，强调动作的实时性。5.Whatisthefunctionof"todo"in"Myfatheroftenasksmetodomyhomework"?【参考答案】In"Myfatheroftenasksmetodomyhomework,""todo"isaninfinitive,usedtoexpresstheactionthatthefatherasksthesontoperform.Thestructure"asksb.todosth."isafixedpattern,meaning"告诉某人做某事."【解析】不定式"todo"在句中作宾语，表示被请求的动作。6.Howdoyouformarelativeclausewith"who"?【参考答案】Arelativeclausewith"who"isformedbyusing"who"astherelativepronounandconnectingittoaverbphrase.Forexample,"Thegirlwhoiswearingabluedressismysister."Here,"whoiswearingabluedress"modifies"Thegirl,"providingadditionalinformationabouther.【解析】"Who"引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，修饰先行词。7.Whydoweuse"whether"in"Idon’tknowwhethertogotothelibraryorwatchamovie"?【参考答案】In"Idon’tknowwhethertogotothelibraryorwatchamovie,""whether"isusedtointroduceachoicebetweentwooptions."Whethertogotothelibraryorwatchamovie"istheobjectoftheverb"know,"and"whether"allowsthespeakertoexpressthattheyareundecidedbetweenthetwoactions.【解析】"Whether"用于表示选择或不确定的情况，连接两个对立的选项。8.Whatisthemeaningof"if"in"IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshouldwatchEnglishmovies"?【参考答案】In"IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshouldwatchEnglishmovies,""if"introducesaconditionalclause,indicatingthatwatchingEnglishmoviesisaconditionforimprovingEnglish.Thesentencemeans"Ifthecondition(watchingEnglishmovies)ismet,theresult(improvingEnglish)willfollow."【解析】"If"用于引导条件状语从句，表示条件关系。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Completethefollowingsentence:"Theboy______(play)basketballisverytall."【参考答案】playing【解析】Theboy和play之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故填playing.2.Completethefollowingsentence:"Ifyou______(be)late,pleasec