2026年江苏省苏教版初中英语八年级下册第6单元语法练习

2026年江苏省苏教版初中英语八年级下册第6单元语法练习一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中动词时态使用正确的一项。A.Sheoftengoestothelibrarybecausesheneedtostudyfortheexamlastweek.B.MybrotherwasplayingbasketballwhenIcallhimyesterdayevening.C.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomeworksincetheystartedat4PMyesterday.D.Theteachertoldusthatwemustnottalkduringthetestnextmonth.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"need"应为"needed"（一般过去时），"lastweek"提示需要过去时态；选项B中"call"应为"called"（一般过去时），"yesterdayevening"提示需要过去时态；选项C中"since"连接的从句应使用一般过去时"started"，但主句"havefinished"为现在完成时，时态矛盾；选项D中"mustnottalk"为一般现在时的否定形式，符合"nextmonth"（将来时间）的语境要求。2.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中非谓语动词使用正确的一项。A.Lookingatthephoto,IrememberthatmyparentswenttoParisthreeyearsago.B.Havingfinishedthebook,shedecidedtowriteareviewaboutit.C.TolearnEnglishwell,youshouldpracticespeakingeverydaylastweek.D.Theboy,whoisinterestedinplayingthepiano,jointhemusicclublastmonth.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"Looking"应为现在分词作状语，但主句时态与"threeyearsago"矛盾；选项B中"Havingfinished"为现在分词完成式作状语，符合逻辑关系；选项C中"Tolearn"应为不定式表目的，但"lastweek"提示需要过去时态；选项D中"join"应为过去式"joined"，"lastmonth"提示需要过去时态。3.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中宾语从句使用正确的一项。A.MysisteraskedmeifIgotothesupermarketyesterdaymorning.B.Hesaidthathismotherwascookingdinnerwhenhearrivedhome.C.Doyouknowwherethelibraryis?Iwanttoknowtoo.D.Theteachertoldusthatwemustnotleavetheclassroomwithoutpermission.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"if"引导的宾语从句应使用陈述句语序"ifIwent"；选项B中"that"引导的宾语从句中"wascooking"时态错误，应为过去进行时；选项C中"where"引导的宾语从句在主句中作宾语，但"too"不符合语法结构；选项D中"that"引导的宾语从句"wemustnotleave"符合主句"told"的过去时态。4.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中状语从句使用正确的一项。A.Assoonasthebellrang,thestudentsbegantoruntotheplaygroundbecausetheywerelateforthegame.B.Althoughitwasraininghard,theycontinuedtoplaysocceruntilthegamefinished.C.WhenIsawhimattheschoolgate,hewastalkingtoagirlwhowaswearingabluedress.D.Theteacherexplainedtheproblemtoussothatweunderstanditclearly.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"because"引导的原因状语从句时态错误，应为一般过去时；选项B中"Although"引导的让步状语从句时态正确，符合逻辑关系；选项C中"when"引导的时间状语从句中"hewastalking"时态错误，应为过去进行时；选项D中"sothat"引导的目的状语从句中"weunderstand"时态错误，应为一般现在时。5.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中定语从句使用正确的一项。A.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingandittellsaboutthehistoryofChina.B.Myfriendwholivesneartheschoolalwayshelpsmewithmyhomeworkbecauseheisverykind.C.Thegirlwhosefatherisadoctorworksinahospitalandsheisanurse.D.TheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishlastyearisnowworkinginauniversity.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"that"引导的定语从句中"ittells"缺少先行词指代；选项B中"who"引导的定语从句中"because"引导的状语从句时态错误；选项C中"whose"引导的定语从句中"sheisanurse"时态错误；选项D中"who"引导的定语从句时态和结构均正确。6.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中虚拟语气使用正确的一项。A.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotothepartylastnight.B.Shesaidthatshecouldfinishtheworkifshehadmoretime.C.IwishIcanspeakEnglishfluentlynow.D.Iftheyhadstudiedharder,theywouldpasstheexamlastmonth.参考答案：A解析：选项A中"IfIwereyou"为虚拟语气条件句的倒装形式，符合对现在情况的假设；选项B中"Ifshehadmoretime"为虚拟语气，但主句"couldfinish"应为一般过去时；选项C中"Iwish"后应接虚拟语气"couldspeak"（一般现在时）；选项D中"Iftheyhadstudiedharder"为虚拟语气，但主句"wouldpass"应为一般过去时。7.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中被动语态使用正确的一项。A.ThebookwaswrittenbymyfatherlastyearanditwaspublishedinShanghai.B.MyhomeworkwasfinishedbymeyesterdayafternoonbecauseIwasverytired.C.Thestudentsweretakentothemuseumbytheteacherlastweekandtheylearnedalot.D.Theclassroomwascleanedbythestudentsyesterdaymorningbutitwasstilldirty.参考答案：C解析：选项A中"waswritten"时态正确，但"itwaspublished"时态错误；选项B中"wasfinishedbyme"应为主动语态"finishedit"；选项C中"weretaken"时态和结构均正确；选项D中"wascleaned"时态正确，但"itwasstilldirty"与被动语态矛盾。8.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中情态动词使用正确的一项。A.Youmustgotothedoctorifyoufeelsickbecauseyoushouldseeadoctoryesterday.B.MayIborrowyourpen?Yes,youcanuseitbecauseyouneeditnow.C.Wecouldnotfinishtheprojectontimebecausewedidnothaveenoughtimelastweek.D.Youmightbelateforthemeetingifyoudonotleavesoon.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"shouldsee"时态错误，应为一般现在时；选项B中"canuse"应为"mayuse"（礼貌请求）；选项C中"couldnotfinish"应为"couldnotfinish"（可能性），但"lastweek"时态矛盾；选项D中"mightbelate"符合对未来的推测语气。9.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中倒装句使用正确的一项。A.Notonlydidshepasstheexam,butshealsowonthescholarshiplastyear.B.Sodifficultwastheproblemthatwecouldnotsolveitatfirst.C.Therearemanybooksontheshelfwhicharewrittenbyfamousauthors.D.NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunsetinmylife.参考答案：D解析：选项A中"Notonly"位于句首时主句应使用部分倒装，但"didshepass"时态错误；选项B中"Sodifficult"位于句首时主句应使用部分倒装，但"wecouldnotsolve"时态错误；选项C中"which"引导的定语从句时态错误；选项D中"NeverhaveIseen"为完全倒装，时态和结构均正确。10.根据第6单元语法内容，选择下列句子中固定搭配使用正确的一项。A.IaminterestedinplayingbasketballandIthinkitisveryimportantformetogotothegymeveryday.B.Sheisgoodatsinginganddancing,soshedecidedtojointheschoolbandlastmonth.C.Mybrotherhasalotoftroublewithhishomeworkbecausehedoesnotknowhowtogetalongwithit.D.Theteachertoldusthatweshouldpayattentiontoourstudyandwemustnotwastetime.参考答案：B解析：选项A中"interestedinplaying"应为"interestedinplaying"（固定搭配）；选项B中"goodatsinginganddancing"符合固定搭配；选项C中"hastroublewith"应为"hastroublewith"（固定搭配）；选项D中"payattentionto"应为"payattentionto"（固定搭配）。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Lastweekend,myfamily______(go)tothebeachbecausetheweather______(be)sunny.参考答案：went,was解析：根据"Lastweekend"使用一般过去时，"go"填"went"；"theweather"与"be"搭配，"sunny"为形容词，填"was"。2.IfI______(have)moretimetomorrow,I______(study)Englishfortwohours.参考答案：had,wouldstudy解析：If引导的条件句主句使用虚拟语气，"have"填"had"（与现在事实相反）；"wouldstudy"填"wouldstudy"（对未来的假设）。3.Theteacheraskedthestudents______(close)theirbooksquietlywhentheexam______(start).参考答案：toclose,started解析："asked"后接不定式作宾补，"close"填"toclose"；"start"为一般过去时，填"started"。4.______(be)itrainingorsnowing,thechildren______(play)inthegarden.参考答案：Whetheritis,willplay解析："Whether"引导名词性从句，"be"填"is"（一般现在时）；"play"填"willplay"（对未来的预测）。5.Shesaidshe______(notfinish)herhomeworkuntilshe______(do)thedisheslastnight.参考答案：wouldnotfinish,haddone解析："said"后接宾语从句使用虚拟语气，"notfinish"填"wouldnotfinish"；"do"为一般过去时，"haddone"填"haddone"（过去的过去）。6.Theboywho______(live)nextdoor______(help)mewithmymathproblemsyesterday.参考答案：lives,helped解析："wholives"引导定语从句，"live"填"lives"（一般现在时）；"helped"填"helped"（一般过去时）。7.Ifyou______(study)harderthisterm,you______(pass)thefinalexameasily.参考答案：studied,wouldpass解析："study"填"studied"（与现在事实相反）；"wouldpass"填"wouldpass"（对未来的假设）。8.Notonly______(he)butalsohisfriends______(go)totheconcertlastweekend.参考答案：didhe,went解析："Notonly"位于句首时主句应使用部分倒装，"he"填"didhe"；"went"填"went"（一般过去时）。9.Thebookthat______(write)bymygrandfatherisveryinterestingandit______(tell)aboutourfamilyhistory.参考答案：waswritten,tells解析："write"为过去分词作定语，"waswritten"填"waswritten"；"tell"为一般现在时，填"tells"。10.Itisimportantforus______(learn)howtoworkinateambecauseit______(help)usinthefuture.参考答案：tolearn,willhelp解析："Itisimportantforus"后接不定式作表语，"learn"填"tolearn"；"help"填"willhelp"（对未来的预测）。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallthepolicebecauseitisdangeroustowalkaloneatnight.（×）解析：该句为虚拟语气条件句，但主句"wouldcall"应为一般现在时"wouldcall"（对现在的假设）。2.Thegirlwhoissittingnexttomeismysisterandsheiswearingareddress.（√）解析：该句结构正确，"whoissitting"引导定语从句，时态和逻辑关系均符合语法要求。3.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgotothepicnicbecausewedonothavetime.（√）解析：该句为真实条件句，时态和逻辑关系均符合语法要求。4.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinterestinganditwaswrittenbyafamousauthor.（×）解析："which"引导的定语从句中"itwaswritten"时态错误，应为一般过去时。5.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.（√）解析：该句为宾语从句，时态和逻辑关系均符合语法要求。6.Theboywholivesnextdoorisverykindandhealwayshelpsmewithmyhomework.（√）解析：该句结构正确，"wholives"引导定语从句，时态和逻辑关系均符合语法要求。7.IfIhadmoremoney,IwouldbuyacarbecauseIwanttotravelaroundtheworld.（√）解析：该句为虚拟语气条件句，时态和逻辑关系均符合语法要求。8.Thegirlwhosefatherisadoctorworksinahospitalandsheisanurse.（×）解析："whose"引导的定语从句中"sheisanurse"时态错误，应为一般现在时。9.Theteachertoldusthatwemustnotleavetheclassroomwithoutpermission.（√）解析：该句结构正确，时态和逻辑关系均符合语法要求。10.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingandittellsaboutthehistoryofChina.（×）解析："that"引导的定语从句中"ittells"缺少先行词指代，应为"ThebookthatIborrowed...tells..."。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.解释第6单元中宾语从句的用法和引导词。参考答案：宾语从句是充当主句动词宾语的从句，引导词包括"that"、"if/whether"、"wh-"疑问词（what/where/when/why/how）。例如："Iknowthatheisright."（that引导）或"Idon'tknowifhewillcome."（if引导）。2.说明第6单元中定语从句的用法和关系代词。参考答案：定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，关系代词包括"who/whom/whose/which/that"，关系副词包括"when/where/why"。例如："Thegirlwholivesnextdoorismyfriend."（who引导）或"ThecitywhereIgrewupisbeautiful."（where引导）。3.分析第6单元中虚拟语气的三种用法（与现在、过去、将来相反）。参考答案：与现在事实相反："IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo."；与过去事实相反："IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassed."；与将来事实相反："Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgo."。4.解释第6单元中被动语态的构成和用法。参考答案：被动语态构成："be+过去分词"，用法：强调动作承受者而非执行者。例如："Thebookwaswrittenbyhim."（强调书被写）。5.说明第6单元中情态动词的常见用法（must/may/can/could/might）。参考答案：must表示必须，may表示可能，can表示能力，could表示过去能力，might表示推测。例如："Youmustfinishyourhomework."或"Imightbelate."。6.解释第6单元中状语从句的五种类型（时间、地点、原因、目的、条件）。参考答案：时间状语从句："when/while/before/after"；地点状语从句："where"；原因状语从句："because/as/since"；目的状语从句："sothat"；条件状语从句："if/unless"。例如："IwillcallyouwhenIarrive."（时间）或"Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpass."（条件）。7.说明第6单元中固定搭配的常见用法（payattentionto/takeplace/goonwith）。参考答案：payattentionto表示"注意"，takeplace表示"发生"，goonwith表示"继续"。例如："Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhealth."或"Themeetingwilltakeplacenextweek."。8.解释第6单元中倒装句的两种类型（全部倒装和部分倒装）。参考答案：全部倒装："NeverhaveIseen..."；部分倒装："Notonlydidhe..."。例如："NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset."或"Notonlyisshesmartbutsheisalsokind."。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。MyfriendTomoften______(go)tothegymafterschoolbecausehe______(want)tostayfit.Lastweek,he______(break)hislegwhilehe______(play)basketball,sohe______(notbeable)togotothegymforamonth.Buthe______(decide)todosomeexercisesathomeinstead.参考答案：goes,wants,broke,wasplaying,couldn'tbe,decided解析：根据"often"使用一般现在时，"go"填"goes"；"want"填"wants"；"break"为一般过去时，填"broke"；"play"为过去进行时，填"wasplaying"；"notbeable"填"couldn'tbe"；"decide"为一般过去时，填"decided"。2.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。IfI______(have)alotofmoney,I______(buy)abighouseinthecountrysidebecauseI______(like)quietplaces.Lastyear,I______(visit)myfriendwho______(live)inthemountains,andI______(see)abeautifulsunrise.It______(be)awonderfulexperience.参考答案：had,wouldbuy,like,visited,lived,saw,was解析：If引导的条件句主句使用虚拟语气，"have"填"had"；"buy"填"wouldbuy"；"like"填"like"；"visit"为一般过去时，填"visited"；"live"为一般过去时，填"lived"；"see"为一般过去时，填"saw"；"be"为一般过去时，填"was"。3.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。Thegirlwho______(speak)Englishverywell______(join)thedebateclublastmonthbecauseshe______(want)toimproveherspeakingskills.Herteacher______(tell)herthatshe______(do)agreatjob,butshe______(stillpractice)everyday.参考答案：speaks,joined,wanted,told,woulddo,stillpractices解析："speak"为一般现在时，填"speaks"；"join"为一般过去时，填"joined"；"want"填"wanted"；"tell"为一般过去时，填"told"；"woulddo"填"woulddo"（虚拟语气）；"practice"为一般现在时，填"practices"。4.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。Ifyou______(study)harderthisterm,you______(pass)thefinalexameasily.Lastyear,mybrother______(notstudy)forthetest,sohe______(fail)it.Histeacher______(tell)himthathe______(be)lazy,buthe______(notlisten).参考答案：studied,wouldpass,didn'tstudy,failed,told,wouldbe,didn'tlisten解析：If引导的条件句主句使用虚拟语气，"study"填"studied"；"pass"填"wouldpass"；"didn'tstudy"填"didn'tstudy"；"fail"为一般过去时，填"failed"；"tell"为一般过去时，填"told"；"be"填"wouldbe"（虚拟语气）；"listen"为一般过去时，填"didn'tlisten"。5.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。Theboywho______(live)nextdoor______(help)mewithmyhomeworkyesterdaybecauseI______(notunderstand)themathproblems.He______(explain)themtomeveryclearly,andI______(finallyunderstand)them.参考答案：lived,helped,didn'tunderstand,explained,finallyunderstood解析："live"为一般过去时，填"lived"；"help"为一般过去时，填"helped"；"understand"为一般过去时，填"didn'tunderstand"；"explain"为一般过去时，填"explained"；"understand"为一般过去时，填"finallyunderstood"。6.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。IfI______(have)acar,I______(go)tothebeachthisweekendbecausetheweather______(be)sunny.Lastyear,myfamily______(go)tothebeach,butthey______(have)acar,sothey______(take)thebus.参考答案：had,wouldgo,wouldbe,went,didn'thave,took解析：If引导的条件句主句使用虚拟语气，"have"填"had"；"go"填"wouldgo"；"be"填"wouldbe"；"go"为一般过去时，填"went"；"have"为一般过去时，填"didn'thave"；"take"为一般过去时，填"took"。7.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。Thegirlwho______(speak)Frenchfluently______(join)thelanguageexchangeprogramlastmonthbecauseshe______(want)tomeetpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Herfriend______(tell)herthatshe______(do)agreatjob,butshe______(stillpractice)everyday.参考答案：speaks,joined,wanted,told,woulddo,stillpractices解析："speak"为一般现在时，填"speaks"；"join"为一般过去时，填"joined"；"want"填"wanted"；"tell"为一般过去时，填"told"；"woulddo"填"woulddo"（虚拟语气）；"practice"为一般现在时，填"practices"。8.阅读以下情景，用所给动词的适当形式填空。Ifyou______(study)harderthisterm,you______(pass)thefinalexameasily.Lastyear,mybrother______(notstudy)forthetest,sohe______(fail)it.Histeacher______(tell)himthathe______(be)lazy,buthe______(notlisten).参考答案：studied,wouldpass,didn'tstudy,failed,told,wouldbe,didn'tlisten解析：If引导的条件句主句使用虚拟语气，"study"填"studied"；"pass"填"wouldpass"；"didn'tstudy"填"didn'tstudy"；"fail"为一般过去时，填"failed"；"tell"为一般过去时，填"told"；"be"填"wouldbe"（虚拟语气）；"listen"为一般过去时，填"didn'tlisten"。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.D解析：A项"need"应为"needed"；B项"call"应为"called"；C项主句时态错误；D项时态和结构正确。2.B解析：A项主句时态错误；B项结构正确；C项主句时态错误；D项时态错误。3.D解析：A项宾语从句语序错误；B项主句时态错误；C项结构错误；D项时态和结构正确。4.B解析：A项原因状语从句时态错误；B项时态和结构正确；C项主句时态错误；D项主句时态错误。5.D解析：A项缺少先行词；B项主句时态错误；C项结构错误；D项时态和结构正确。6.A解析：A项符合对现在情况的假设；B项主句时态错误；C项虚拟语气错误；D项主句时态错误。7.C解析：A项时态错误；B项主动语态错误；C项时态和结构正确；D项时态矛盾。8.D解析：A项时态错误；B项情态动词错误；C项时态错误；D项时态和结构正确。9.D解析：A项时态错误；B项时态错误；C项时态错误；D项时态和结构正确。10.B解析：A项固定搭配错误；B项固定搭配正确；C项固定搭配错误；D项固定搭配错误。二、填空题1.went,was解析：一般过去时，"go"填"went"；"weather"与"be"搭配，填"was"。2.had,wouldstudy解析：虚拟语气条件句，"have"填"had"；主句"wouldstudy"填"wouldstudy"。3.toclose,started解析："asked"后接不定式作宾补，"close"填"toclose"；"start"为一般过去时，填"started"。4.Whetheritis,willplay解析："Whether"引导名词性从句，"be"填"is"；主句"willplay"填"willplay"。5.wouldnotfinish,haddone解析："said"后接宾语从句使用虚拟语气，"notfinish"填"wouldnotfinish"；"do"为一般过去时，"haddone"填"haddone"。6.lives,helped解析："wholives"引导定语从句，"live"填"lives"；"helped"填"helped"。7.studied,wouldpass解析：虚拟语气条件句，"study"填"studied"；主句"wouldpass"填"wouldpass"。8.didhe,went解析："Notonly"位于句首时主句应使用部分倒装，"he"填"didhe"；"went"填"went"。9.waswritten,tells解析："write"为过去分词作定语，"waswritten"填"waswritten"；"tell"为一般现在时，填"tells"。10.tolearn,willhelp解析："Itisimportantforus"后接不定式作表语，"learn"填"tolearn"；"help"填"willhelp"。三、判断题1.×解析：主句"wouldcall"应为一般现在时"wouldcall"。2.√解析：结构正确。3.√解析：结构正确。4.×解析："which"引导的定语从句中"itwaswritten"时态错误。5.√解析：结构正确。6.√解析：结构正确。7.√解析：结构正确。8.×解析："whose"引导的定语从句中"sheisanurse"时态错误。9.√解析：结构正确。10.×解析："that"引导的定语从句中"ittells"缺少先行词。四、简答题1.参考答案：宾语从句是充当主句动词宾语的从句，引导词包括"that"、"if/whether"、"wh-"疑问词（what/where/when/why/how）。例如："Iknowthatheisright."（that引导）或"Idon'tknowifhewillcome."（if引导）。2.参考答案：定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，关系代词包括"who/whom/whose/which/that"，关系副词包括"when/where/why"。例如："Thegirlwholivesnextdoorismyfriend."（who引导）或"ThecitywhereIgrewupisbeautiful."（where引导）。3.参考答案：与现在事实相反："IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo."；与过去事实相反："IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassed."；与将来事实相反："Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgo."。4.参考答案：被动语态构成："be+过去分词"，用法：强调动作承受者而非执行者。例如："Thebookwaswrittenbyhim."（强调书被写）。5.参考答案：must表示必须，may表示可能，can表示能力，could表示过去能力，might表示推测。例如："Youmustfinishyourhomework."或"Imightbelate."。6.参考答案：时间状语从句："when/while/before/after"；地点状语从句："where"；原因状语从句："because/as/since"；目的状语从句："sothat"；条件状语从句："if/unless"。例如："IwillcallyouwhenIarrive."（时间）或"Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpass."（条件）。7.参考答案：payattentionto表示"注意"，takeplace表示"发生"，goonwith表示"继续"。例如："Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhealth."或"Themeetingwilltakeplacenextweek."。8.参考答案：全部倒装："NeverhaveIseen..."；部分倒装："Notonlydidhe.