译林版八年级英语上册第二单元知识点和测试

同学们，欢迎来到译林版八年级英语上册第二单元的学习天地。本单元的主题围绕着“学校生活”与“课外活动”展开，旨在帮助大家掌握如何谈论自己的兴趣爱好、日常活动以及不同学校的情况。扎实掌握本单元的知识点，不仅能提升你的语言应用能力，也能为后续更复杂的学习打下坚实基础。下面，我们将对本单元的核心知识点进行系统梳理，并提供一套测试题来检验你的学习成果。一、核心词汇梳理词汇是语言的基石。本单元我们接触了许多与学校生活、兴趣爱好相关的词汇，以下是需要重点掌握的部分：1.核心名词(Nouns)*hobby(爱好)：每个人都有自己的爱好，它让我们的生活更加丰富多彩。例如：Myhobbyisplayingbasketball.(我的爱好是打篮球。)*activity(活动)：学校里有各种各样的活动。例如：Wehavemanyafter-schoolactivities.(我们有很多课外活动。)*lesson/class(课)：这是学校生活中最基本的词汇。例如：WehaveanEnglishlessoneverymorning.(我们每天早上有一节英语课。)*timetable(时间表)：帮助我们规划学习。例如：Letmelookatthetimetablefirst.(让我先看一下时间表。)*friend(朋友)、classmate(同学)：校园生活中重要的伙伴。*club(俱乐部)：如音乐俱乐部(musicclub)、读书俱乐部(readingclub)。2.核心动词(Verbs)*love/enjoy/like(喜欢)：表达对事物的喜好。注意enjoy后面接动词的-ing形式。例如：Sheenjoyslisteningtomusic.(她喜欢听音乐。)*prefer(更喜欢)：用于两者之间的选择。例如：Ipreferswimmingtorunning.(比起跑步，我更喜欢游泳。)*spend(花费时间/金钱)：常用结构为spend...(in)doingsth.或spend...onsth.例如：Ispendanhourreadingeveryday.(我每天花一小时读书。)*practise(练习)：后面也常接动词的-ing形式。例如：Hepracticesplayingthepianoeveryevening.(他每天晚上练习弹钢琴。)*chat(聊天)：Weoftenchatwithourfriendsafterclass.(我们经常课后和朋友聊天。)*borrow(借进)、lend(借出)：注意两者的方向。CanIborrowyourpen?(我能借你的钢笔吗？)Helendshisbooktome.(他把他的书借给我。)3.形容词与副词(Adjectives&Adverbs)*interesting/boring(有趣的/无聊的)：用来描述事物。例如：Thisstoryisveryinteresting.(这个故事很有趣。)*easy/difficult(容易的/困难的)：描述任务的难易程度。例如：Mathsisdifficultforsomestudents.(数学对一些学生来说很难。)*free(空闲的)：I’mfreeonSundays.(我周日有空。)*often,usually,sometimes,never(经常，通常，有时，从不)：这些是表示频率的副词，常用于一般现在时。例如：Sheusuallygetsupearly.(她通常起得很早。)4.常用短语(UsefulPhrases)*wakeup(醒来)*getup(起床)*havebreakfast/lunch/dinner(吃早/午/晚饭)*gotoschool(去上学)*afterschool(放学后)*inthemorning/afternoon/evening(在早上/下午/晚上)*begoodat(擅长于)：Sheisgoodatsinging.(她擅长唱歌。)*playwith(和……一起玩)*onweekends(在周末)*alotof/lotsof(许多)二、重点句型与表达本单元我们学习了如何就日常活动、兴趣爱好等进行交流，以下是一些核心句型：1.谈论喜好与厌恶：*Ilike/love/enjoy(doing)sth.*Idon’tlike/hate(doing)sth.*Myfavouritesubjectis.../Ilike...best.*What’syourfavourite...?/Which...doyoulikebest?*例如：—What’syourfavouritesport?—Ilikeswimmingbest./Myfavouritesportisswimming.2.谈论日常活动与频率：*Whatdoyouusuallydo...?*Iusually/often/sometimes/never...*Howoftendoyou...?(你多久做一次……？)*例如：—HowoftendoyouwatchTV?—IwatchTVtwiceaweek.(我一周看两次电视。)(此处原文要求避免四位以上数字，故用“twiceaweek”这类表达)3.询问和描述学校生活：*Whattimedoyoustartschool?*Westartschoolat...*Howmanylessonsdoyouhaveeveryday?*Ihave...lessonsaday.*What’syourschoollike?4.提出请求与提供帮助：*CanIborrow...?/Couldyoulendme...?*Sure./Sorry,Ican’t.三、语法要点解析1.**一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)的深化***用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；表示客观事实或真理。*第三人称单数(ThirdPersonSingular)：当主语是he,she,it或单个的人/物时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。*变化规则：*一般情况下加-s：work→works,play→plays*以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加-es：watch→watches,go→goes*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es：study→studies,fly→flies*常见时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year,inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。*例句：*Heoftenplaysfootballafterschool.*Mymothercooksdinnerforuseveryday.*Theearthgoesaroundthesun.2.**频度副词的位置***频度副词通常放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词(do,does,will等)或情态动词(can,may,must等)之后。*例如：*Shealwaysgetsupearly.(实义动词前)*Iamoftenlateforschool.(be动词后)*Theysometimesgotothecinema.(实义动词前)*Hecanneverunderstandme.(情态动词后，实义动词前)*本单元开始接触形容词的比较级，用于两者之间的比较。*构成：*单音节词和少数双音节词：*一般在词尾加-er：tall→taller,fast→faster*以不发音的e结尾的词加-r：nice→nicer,late→later*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-er：big→bigger,thin→thinner*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-er：happy→happier,easy→easier*部分双音节词和多音节词：在词前加more：interesting→moreinteresting,important→moreimportant*用法：A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.*例如：TomistallerthanJim.(汤姆比吉姆高。)Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.(这本书比那本有趣。)四、单元测试(一)词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Myfavourites______isEnglish.Ithinkit’sveryinteresting.2.Heoftenp______playingbasketballwithhisfriendsafterschool.3.Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourf______time?4.Myfatherr______newspaperseverymorning.5.—Howo______doyougotothelibrary?—Twiceamonth.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.Sheenjoys______(listen)tomusic.7.Tomisgoodat______(swim).Heswimsveryfast.8.Mymotheroftentellsmestories.Theyarevery______(interest).9.He______(watch)TVeveryevening.10.Thisstoryis______(boring)thanthatone.(二)单项选择(MultipleChoice)11.Mybrotherusually______upearly,butyesterdayhe______uplate.A.get;getB.gets;gotC.got;getsD.gets;getted12.—______doyouhavePElessons?—Twiceaweek.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowoftenD.Howlong13.She______likeplayingfootball.She______playingbasketball.A.don’t;likeB.doesn’t;likesC.doesn’t;likeD.don’t;likes14.Thisbookis______thanthatone.Ilikeitbetter.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting15.Canyou______meyourdictionary?Iwantto______anewword.A.borrow;lendB.lend;borrowC.borrow;borrowD.lend;lend(三)句型转换(SentenceTransformation)按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。16.Tomusuallywalkstoschool.(改为一般疑问句)______Tomusually______toschool?17.Theyoftenplaybasketballafterschool.(对划线部分提问)____________theyoften______afterschool?18.IlikeEnglishbest.(改为同义句)My____________isEnglish.19.Hedoeshishomeworkeveryevening.(改为否定句)He____________hishomeworkeveryevening.20.Thisredpenismine.(对划线部分提问)____________thisredpen?(四)完形填空(Cloze)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的选项中，选出最佳选项。MynameisLisa.IamastudentinGradeEight.Ourschoollifeis21andbusy.Wehavesixlessonseveryday.MyfavouritesubjectisEnglish.Ithinkit’s22anduseful.OurEnglishteacher,MissWang,isverykindtous.Sheoftentellsusinterestingstoriesinclass.Afterschool,Ioften23partinafter-schoolactivities.Iaminthemusicclub.Ilike24thepiano,andIpracticeiteveryafternoon.Sometimes,Ialsoplaybasketballwithmyclassmates.It’sgoodformyhealth.Onweekends,Iusuallystayathome.Ihelpmymotherdosomehouseworkinthemorning.Intheafternoon,Ilikereadingbooks.I25readingverymuchbecauseitcanmakemelearnalotabouttheworld.Ioftengotothelibrarytoborrowbooks.Ienjoymyschoollifeandmyweekends.21.A.sadB.interestingC.difficultD.boring22.A.easyB.difficultC.interestingD.free23.A.takeB.makeC.doD.get24.A.playB.playingC.playsD.toplay25.A.likeB.lovesC.enjoysD.dislike阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案回答问题或完成句子。Differentstudentshavedifferenthobbies.Let’slookatthreestudents’hobbies.Maryisaquietgirl.Shelikesreading.Shethinksreadingcanopenupanewworldforher.Sheoftenreadsbooksintheschoollibrary.Herfavouritebooksarestorybooks.Shesaysshecanlearnalotfromthecharactersinthestories.Tomisanactiveboy.Helikessportsverymuch.Hisfavouritesportisfootball.Heisintheschoolfootballteam.HeplaysfootballwithhisteammateseveryWednesdayandFridayafternoon.Hesaysplayingfootballcanmakehimstrongandhappy,andhecanalsomakemanyfriends.Lucylikesdrawing.Shehasalotofcolouredpencils.Shedrawspictureseveryday.Sometimesshedrawspicturesofanimals,andsometimesshedrawspicturesofherfamilyandfriends.Herpicturesareverybeautiful.Shewantstobeanartistwhenshegrowsup.26.WhatdoesMarylikedoing?A.Playingfootball.B.Drawing.C.Reading.D.Singing.27.WheredoesMaryoftenreadbooks?A.Athome.B.Intheschoollibrary.C.Inthepark.D.Inherclassroom.28.HowoftendoesTomplayfootballwithhisteammates?A.Everyday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.D.Onceamonth.29.WhatdoesLucywanttobewhenshegrowsup?A.Ateacher.B.Adoctor.C.Anartist.D.Awriter.30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Mary’sfavouritebooksarestorybooks.B.Tomisintheschoolbasketballteam.C.Lucyhasmanycolouredpencils.D.Allthreestudentshavetheirownhobbies.(六)书面表达(Writing)以“MySchoolLife”为题，写一篇短文，介绍你的学校生活。内容包括：1.每天的课程情况；2.你最喜欢的科目及原因；3.你的课外活