选用适当的单词或短语补全短文-高二英语上学期期末试题汇编（上海专用）原卷版

专题02选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

【精选真题01】

(2022.南洋模范中学高二期末)

Dircctions:Coinplctethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

AdeliveredBmanagementCoverlookedD.productsE.ruralF.shifted

G.strategiesH.sufficientI.tremendousJ.urbanisationK.worst

Nationalgovernmentsneglectingdevelopmentneedsof'cities

Nationalgovernmentsaroundtheworldarcneglectingtheneedsoftheirmajorcitieswithnon-cxistcntor

inadequatedevelopmentpolicies,anewreporthasfound.Nationalgovernmentsarekeytomakingcitiesmore

sustainable,becausecitiesarelimiteddistinctlyinthepolicymeasurestheycantakeforthemselves,thereport

pointsout.However,onlyaquarteroftheworld'sgovernmentshaveurbandevelopmentpoliciesatall,andmostof

(hosethatdoexistarefarfrom11tomakecitiessustainable.

Thereportlooksatthekeymeasuresofenergyproduction,transport,waste12andinfrasiructure(基础

建设)，Forinstance,puttinginadequatepublictransportcantransformthelivesofcitizensandthecarbonfootprint

ofthecitiestheylivein.Encouragingtheuseofelectricvehiclesabovepetrol-drivencarscanalsohavea(n)

13effect,notjustongreenhousegasemissionsbutalsoonremovingsomeofthekeycausesofair

pollution.

Thereport,fromtheStockholirEnvironmentInstituteandtheCoalitionforUrbanTransitionsandfundedby

BloombergPhilanthropies,suggestsnationalgovernmentshave14theneedsoftheirmajorcitiesevenwhen

theyhaveinplacenationalpoliciesonissuessuchasclimatechangeandgreenhousegasemissions.Derik

Broekhoffof(heStockholmEnvirormentInstitute,theleadauthorofthestudy,saidt4Nowisthetimefornational

governmentstoputciliesattheheartoftheirnationaldevelopment15.Countriesmustconsiderwhat

policiesneedtobe16inordertoensuretheircountriesandcitiesarepreparedfortheunprecedented

17andclimatechallengestheworldisfacing.^^

Citiesaroundtheworldarefacingrapidpopulationgrowth,andarelikelytobeamongtheareas18hit

bydramaticclimatechange,inpartbecausemanyareatriskofrisingsealevels,floodsanddroughts.Formostof

humanhistory,the19populationwasgreaterthanthoseofcities,anditisonlyinjustoverthelastdecade

thatthisbalancehas20withmostoftheworld'spopulationsnowlivinginurbancentres,atrendthatis

expectedtospeedupevenfurther.

【精选真题02】

（2022.金山中学高二期末）

Directions:Fillineachblankswithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.alternativesB.behaviouralC.completionD.considerationE.met

F.modernizingG.occupiedH.poweringI.schemesJ.specifyK.thorough

CarbonImpactDe-carboningexistinghousingwillrequirehouseholdstostopburningfossilfuelsandwoodto

pov/erandheattheirhomes.IftheUK'scurrentenergydemandcouldbe11byrenewable,carbon-free

energy,thentherewouldbenoproblem.However,theinfrastructureisnotyetinplacetodosoand

willnotbeby2050.

Thesmartsoiutionistoreducetheenergydemandofhomes.Thisenergydemandincludestheenergyneeded

toheat（orcool）ahomeandthatrequiredforahometorun,suchas12appliances.

Architectscanhaveabigimpactonenergydemandthroughimprovingtheperformanceofthebuilding

envelopebyincreasinginsulation（绝缘）andairtightness.Wecanalsoworkwithbuildingservicesengineersto

13renewableenergygeneration（生成）technologyandensurethatbuildingservicesandappliancesare

runningefficiently.Smarttechnologiescanalsohelphouseholdscontrolenergyuse.Gasboilersandcookerswill

needtobereplacedwithelectric14suchasheatpumpsandconductionhobs.Somecommunity

renewablegeneration15willbeneeded.Household16changeswillbeusefultoo,forexample

nothavingwindowsopenwhiletheheatingison.Rebuildinghouseswillnotbeaonc-sizc-fits-allapproach.

Strategicsforindividualhomesorbuildingtypeswillberequiredand17analysisofahome's

performanceanditsoccupant'shabitswillbeneeded.ThiswasthefirststepofourR20project,arebuildingof

9/10StockOrchardStreetreducingtheenergydemandofthebuilding,20yearsafterits18

Therebuildingworkstookplacewhilethebuildingwas19.Forallexistinghousing,careful

20willbeneededregardinghealthandsafetyandpeople'swellbeing.Furthermore,householdswillneed

tolearnhow（heirrebuilthomeworkstouseitsuccessfully.

Q

【精选真题01】

（2022•格致中学高二期末）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeused

once.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.boostB.capabilitiesC.ceaselessD.effectsE.evolveF.historic

G.identifyH.initiativeI.interconnectedJ.miraculouslyK.seriously

Currently,manyofthebrainygadgetsbeingdevelopedfortheInternetofThingswillanticipateourneedsand

makechoicesforus-withoutbeingtoldwhattodo-markinga（n）11transformationinourrelationship

withmachine.Asweturnmoreofourdecision-makingovertothedevices,theywill12intoourpersonal

confidants（知己）andcounselors,determiningeverythingfromthetimewewakeupandclothesweweartothe

musicwelistentoandtheroutewelake（owork.Intheprocess,expertssayourrelianceonthese13tools

willfarsurpasstoday'sdependenceonsmartphones.Theseautonomousassistantsarewidelyexpectedtohelpus

stayhealthier,takebettercareofourlovedones,livemorecomfortably,becomemoreenvironmentallyresponsible

and14ourproductivitybyfreeingusfromanendlessarrayofboringroutinessowecanconcentrateon

themostimportantones.

Butsocialscientistsandothersworiythesecomputerizeddevicesmightmakedecisionsthatare15

flawedorthatweotherwisedislike,leavingusfeelinglessincontrolofourlives.Moreimportantly,their

16observationcouldresultinanexcessivelyconformist（循规蹈矩的）society,someexpertsfear——

especiallywiththegovernmentandotherentities（实体）exploringtheuseoftheseintelligentmachinestoassess

andprevent"abnormalbehavior."

StanfordUniversityresearchersbelievesocietymaybeprofoundlyimpactedbyInternet-of-Thingsmachines

blessedwithhumanlike17.SoinDecembertheybeganacentury-longstudyofthetechnologyinpartto

18theimplicationst4ofsystemsthatcanmakeinferencesaboutthegoals,intentions,identity,location,

health,beliefs,habitsandfutureactionsofpeople."

Understandingsuch19iscrucial,expertssay,becausethetechnologyisbeingrapidlyadapted.

About13percentofconsumersalreadyhavegotasmartthermostat,securitycameraorotherdevicesinstalledin

homes.Insteadofjustdoingwhatwecommand,manyofthedevicesbeingempoweredwithsophisticatedsoftware

andmicro-electronicstoactontheirown20asourpersonaladvisers.

【精选真题02】

(2022.曹杨二中高二期末)

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.associationsB.chanctcrislicsC.dinersD.cxpcncncedE.exploitF.implication

G.tntopretII.playI.previouslyJ.processedK.simply

Howsoundandcolourinfluencethetasteoffood

Thesoundpeoplehearwhiletheyareeatingfoodcanchangethewaytheythinkittastes,scientistshave

discovered.Infact,researchershavealsofound(hatchangingthecolourofafoodcaninfluencetheflavour

11byconsumers.Foodmanufacturersarenowhopingto12thefindingsinanattemptto

maketheirfoodsmoreappealing.

Itwas13thoughtthatthesenseoftasteandsmellweretheonlyhumansensesthatplayedarolein

experiencingflavour.ProfessorCharlesSpcncc,asensorypsychologistatOxfordUniversity,isaleadingexpertin

hisfield.Hebelievesthatitispossibletochangetheflavoroffoodsimplybyexcitingpeople'ssenseofhearing.

Forexample,listeningtowaveshittingtheseashorecanmake14detectseafoodflavors.

ProfessorSpencehasalsodiscoveredthat15changingthecolourofafoodcaninfluencethewayi(

tastes.Hefoundthatbychangingadrinkfromyellowtoadeepred,itispossibletomakeittasteup(o12percent

sweeterthanitreallyis.Hesaid:"Thiscolourhasstrong16withveryripefruit/

Flavourisnotjustassimpleasthewaysomethingtastes,asalltheothersensescomeinto17and

somecandominatethewaythebrainwill18afood.Icecreamactivatesapartofthebrainwhichisjust

behindtheeyesandiswhereemotionsarc19.Bymelting,itchangesitsphysical2()andcreates

contraststhatcontinuallykeepyoursensesinterested.

Sonexttimeyouarcinarestaurantorasupermarket,orjustsittingdownathometocatsomething,think

aboutwhetheryourchoiceshavebeeninfluencedbysoundorcolour.Youmaybesurprised!

【精选真题03】

（2022•进才中学高二期末）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonly

once.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.chaoticallyB.comparedC.correspondingD.grantedE.numberingF.portion

G.positionH.representI.royalJ.substantiallyK.unlocked

ThemethodbywhichthegreaterpartoftheEgyptianalphabetwas11isthis:Theovalor

“cartouche”asitiscalled,alwayscontaineda（n）12name.ThereisonlyonecartoucheontheRosetta

StoneconcerningaPtolemy.IfthecartouchedidcontainthenameofPtolemy,whoruledoverEgypt,thecharacters

initwouldhavethesoundsoftheGreekletters,andthatalltogether:heywould13theGreekformofthe

nameofPtolemy.Ontheobelisk（方尖碑）whichMr.BankeshadbroughtfromPhilae（菲莱,埃及一地名），thereis

aninscriptionintwolanguages,EgyptianandGreek.IniheGreek14.twosacrednamesarementioned,

PtolemyandCleopatra,andonthesecondfaceof（heobeliskaretwocartouches.Whenthesecartoucheswere

15withtheoneontheRosettaStone,onecontainedhieroglyphic（象形文字的）charactersalmost

identicalwith（hoseontheRosettaStone.RosettaS（one^-----------=---------------/ObeliskfromPhilas

TakingthecaitouchessupposedtocontainthenamesofPtolemyandCleopatrafromthePhilieObelisk,and

16thesigns,wehave:

Ptolemy,A.■一■,--一・・一•・」,・，・,・•---------）

他小飞三士飞状）

Cleopatra,B.、，---__JI

No.1inAandNo.5inBarcidentical,andjudgingbytheir17inthenames,theymustrepresentthe

letterP.No.4inAandNo.2inBareidentical,andtheymustrepresenttheletterL.A'sListhesecondletterinthe

nameofCleopatra,No.ImustrepresentK.

（一W响「飞占占令益〕

In（heGreekformofCleopatra,therearetwovowelsbetweentheLandtheR18tothetwo

hieroglyphs,'and,so=Eand=O.InsomeformsofCleopatra,No.7'^^isreplacedby

,identicalwithNo.2inAandNo.10inB.A'sTfollowsPinthenamePtolemy,and^"^***^as

thereisaTintheGreekformofCleopatra,andhave19thesamesoundofT.IntheGreekformof

Cleopatratherearetwoa's,thepositionsofwhichagreewithNo.6andNo.9,so风canbe

20the

valueofA.Substitutingthesevaluesfor(hehieroglyphsinB,wemaywriteitasthus:

8-io_

LEOPAT<=>A

【精选真题04】

(2022・上海交大附中高二期末)

Directions:Completethetollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.touchesB.stageC.crossedD.outnumberingE.presentF.fundraiser

G.accountH.availableI.wanderedJ.addressK.coverage

ThenightbeforetheMarchonWashington,on28August1963.MartinLutherKingaskedhisaidesforadvice

aboutthenextday'sspeech.t4Don,tusethelinesabout41haveadream5,hisadviserWyattWalkertoldhim.

44You'veusedittoomanytimesalready."Kinghadindeedemployedtheretrain(repealedsentences)severaltimes

before.Ithadfeaturedinanaddressjustaweekearlierata16inChicago,andafewmonthsbeforethat

atahugerallyinDetroit.Aswithmostofhisspeeches,bothhadbeenwellreceived,butneitherhadbeenregarded

asmomentous.

Thisspeechhadtobedifferent.WhileKingwasbynowanationalpoliticalfigure,r