动词和动词短语（知识清单）-2027年高考英语一轮复习（北京专用）默写版

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hi考点深研,知能分层突破

考点1动词分类与基本用法

wouldbe

willbe

were

swimread

need

dareshall

should

动词：表示动作、状态、心理活动或存在变化的词。

知识点1动词的分类

有完朝词义，能独立作骂语.行为动词

动

词

分

类

表示使、令、让、帑、口L

等意义的不完全及物动词

1.实义动词：实义动词乂祢行为动词：有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。

实义动词/行为动词除了有时态、语态等的变化，还有及物(Vt)、不及物动词(vi)之分。

及物动词(VL)：后直接接宾语,如love,finish,visit

不及物动词(vi.)：后不接宾语，需加介词再接宾语,如listen,look,arrive

2.系动词：系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状况、

性质、特征等情况。

后接表语，构成主系表结构

(1)状态类：be,seem,appear

(2)感官类：look,sound,smell,taste,feel

(3)变化类：become,gel,turn,grow

(4)持续类：keep,stay,remain

S0OO

1.系动词容易被误认为需要用被动。

这块布料摸起来很柔软。

JTheclothfeelssoft.

XTheisfeltsoft.

3.助动词：助动词本身没有实际词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑

问、时态、语态、语气等。常见的助动词有：

be(am/is/are/was/were),do/does/did.have/has/had,will/would

4.情态动词：表语气、态度，后接动词原形

can/could,may/might,must,should,need,shall/will

5.使役动词：使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的天完全及物动词,主要有leave,get,keep.make

（使,令），let（让），help（帮助），have（有;让;从事;允许;拿）等.

使役动词后接宾语，再接宾语补足语。宾语补足语常用动词不定式，动词过去分词或者现在分词。

Hemademelaugh.他使我发笑。

Ilethimgo.我让他走开。

知识点2动词的句法功能

1.作谓语：句子核心，有时态、人称、数变化

Hegoestoschooleveryday.

2.作非谓语：不作谓语，可作主语、宾语、定语、状语

Swimmingisgoodforhealth.

3.作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语动作/状态

Isawhimentertheroom.

【随堂例题】

1.Themusic（sound）beautiful.

2.He（finish）hishomeworkalready.

考点2动词的时态与语态（北京高频）

知识点1核心时态用法

时态结构标志词例句

一般现在时原形/三单often,usually,everydayHeplaysbasketball.

一般过去时过去式yesterday,lastyearShewenttoBeijing.

一般将来时willdotomorrow,nextweekIwillvisityou.

现在进行时am/is/aredoingnow,look,listenTheyarereading.

过去进行时was/wcrcdoingatthattime,at8yesterdayHewasreadingat8yesterday.

现在完成时have/hasdonealready,yet,sinceIhaveseenit.

过去完成时haddoneBytheendof,by/before+过去动作或者时间HehadleftbeforeLilycameback.

知识点2北京常考被动语态

1.基本结构：be+过去分词（done）

2.北京常考被动语态对应时态：

一般现在时：am/is/aredone

一般过去时：was/weredone

一般将来时：willbedone

现在完成时：have/hasbeendone

囹国阚国

主语是动作承受者；无主语或强调动作承受者.

1.不知道动作执行者（人不明）

无动作发出者，只用被动

Mybikewasstolen.车被偷了（不知道谁偷）

2.强调动作承受者（突出宾语）

想突出宾语，宾语变主语

ThenovelwaswrittenbyMoYan.（重点：小说）

3.客观规定、说明、科普

规章、常识多用被动

Studentsarcrequiredtowearuniforms.

4.固定句式：il+bedone+thal从句

据说/据悉/人们认为

Itissaidthat-**据说；Itisreportedthat…据报道

□□□□

不用被动

不及物动词无被动：happen,appear,happen,takeplace,rise,occur

3.用法：

Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.

【随堂例题】

1.Thewindow（break）byaboyyesterday.

2.English（speak）allovertheworld.

考点3非谓语动词（重难点）

知识点1不定式todo

1.用法：表目的、将来、具体动作

2.成分：主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补

3.固定搭配：wanttodo,decidetodo,plantodo

知识点2动名词doing

i.用法：表习惯、抽象、正在进行

2.成分：主语、宾语、定语

3.固定搭配：enjoydoing,finishdoing,lookforwardtodoing

知识点3分词doing/done

1.doing：主动/进行

2.done：被动/完成

Thesleepingboyismybrother.（定语）

Seenfromthehill,theparkisbeautiful.（状语）

【随堂例题】

Hedecided（study）abroad.

Shelikes（dance）verymuch.

考点4动词短语辨析与固定搭配

知识点1高频动词短语

1.look短语：lookat（#）,lookfor（寻找）,lookafter（照顾）,lookup（查阅）

2.put短语：puton（穿上）,putoff（推迟）,putup（张贴）

3.give短语:giveup（放弃）,giveaway（赠送）,giveout（分发）

4.take短语：takecareof（照顾）,takepartin（参力口）,takeoff（起飞/脱下）

5.break短语：breakdown出故障；垮掉;分解，breakup分手;解散；打碎，breakout（战争/火灾）,

爆发，breakin闯入

6.make短语：makeup编造；组成：化妆；弥补，makeout辨认：理解，makefor促成；有利于

7.come短语:comeacross偶遇，comeup被提及；走近，comedownwith染上（小病）,comeoff成

功；脱落

8.pull短语:pullthrough渡过难关;康复,pullout拔出;驶出,pulloff做成难事

9.carry短语:carryon继续，carryout执行，实施，carrythrough完成

1（）.set短语：setaside留出；搁置，setoff动身；引发，se:up建立

11.leave短语：leaveoul省略；漏掉，leaveaside搁置一边

知识点2易混短语区分

1.turnon（打开电器）/turnoff（关闭）/turnup（调大）/turndown（调小/拒绝）

2.coineup（走近）/comeupwith（提出）

3.geton（上车）/getoff（卜-车）/getup（起床）

4.devoteoneselftodoing致力于;contributeto促成;投稿;导致（无被动）

5.usedtodo：beusedtodoing：beusedtodo：usedtodo过去常常：beusedtodoing习惯于：beused

（odo被用来做

6.intendtodo打算做;beintendedfor专为..设计

7.accusesbofsth指控某人...；chargesbwithsth起诉某人

8.consistof（无被动）由…组成;bemadeupof由…构成

【随堂例题】

l.Wcshould（放弃）smoking.

2.Please（查阅）ihewordinthedictionaiy.

Ill优题精练•专题实战通关

考点01动词的时态、语态与主谓一致

1.(2025•北京•高考)Bythetimeyoubrushedyourteeth,you15(make)severaldecisionsevenwithout

noticing.Somechoicesarequick,whileotherslakemorethought.Usually,betteroutcomes16(achieve)

throughathoroughunderstandingofstrategieslikerisktolerance.

2.(2025」匕京•高考)When17traveling(travel),weengagewithculturesandexperiences.However,according

toareportbytheWorldWildlifeFund,tourists18(leave)over1.3billiontonsoffoodwastelastyear,19

whichaccountedforabout8%ofthetotalglobalgasreleasein2024.

3.(2024•北京•高考)Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsus

identifyimportantareasofourlivesand13(give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.

4.(2024•北京•岛考)OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood15(name)theworld'soldestlivingman.

5.(2024•北京•高考)Myheartwen:outtohim.andI2()(jog)overtohim.AsIhandedhimtheglasses,he

lookedatmeandsaid,"Thanks!”

6.(2023•北京•高考)Everycultureisriddledwithunwriltenrules,suchasonesonpunctualityfft).TmBritish.

SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I11(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall

30guestsshowedup12exactly(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.

7.(2023・d匕京•高考)1turnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest13(arrive)

andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.

8.(2023•北京•高考)Uptonow,China16(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.

9.(2022•北京•高考)Evenlually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!

10.(2022•北京•高考)Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothat

wccanraisethealarmwhenwcdetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.

11.(2022•北京•高考)Theuseofthoseplastics20(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon'tsurviveif

(hissituationcontinues.

12.(2021"匕京•高考)Asit13(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.

13.(2021•北京•高考)There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20

years,18caused___(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnited

Nations.

考点02非谓语动词

1.(2025-」匕京•同:号)Isometimescallhimback,worriedthathemighthavesomeone12(scare).

2.(2025•北京•高考)When17(travel),weengagewithculturesandexperiences.However,accordingtoa

reportbytheWorldWildlifeFund,tourists181eft___(leave)over1.3billiontonsoffoodwastelastyear,

which]9accountedforabout8%ofthetotalglobalgasreleasein2024.

3.(2024•北京•高考)Takingthetime11(rest)allowsustodevelopadeepersenseof12self-awaieness_

(self-aware).

4.(2024•北京•高考)Andwhen16(ask)abouthisnew(ide,hesharedihcsecret:moderation

5.(2024•北京•岛考)Justthen,somekidsranathim,19(knock)hisbooksoutofhisanns.Hisglasses

wentflyingandlandedinthegrass.

6.(2023•北京•高考)When14(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.

7.(2023•北京•高考)Shecalledforaction19(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld20

(face)'ktoolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobal

campaigncalledt4RunBlue”.

8.(2022•二化京•高考)Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.

9.(2022•北京•高考)Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14(support)by

experts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.

10.(2021•北京•高考)There17hasbeen_(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthe

pasi20years.18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnited

Nations.

11.(2021•北京•高考)From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,19(result)

inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.

12.(2021•北京•高考)Thefindingsshowacriticalneed2()(invest)indisasterprevention.

考向03考查高频动词短语辨析

I.Tobeabetterpersonandsucceedinyourlifemeanstoinyourlifebysloppingabadhabitorleaving

behindanunpleasantmemoiy.

A.becoolasacucumberB.beawetblanket

C.dragyourfeetD.turnoveranewleaf

2.EventodaymyBritishfriend,Daniel,stilldoesn'teasilyeatingthingslikechickenfeet.

A.contributetoB.catertoC.taketoD.attendto

3.Teenagers,especially(hosewithapassionfortechnology.innovativegadgetsthatcombine

entertainmentandeducation,astheyofferbothfunandlearningopportunities.

A.takeprideinB.haveasayinC.takeresponsibilityforD.haveapreferencetbr

4.Lilyisusuallyareservedstudentinclass,butherdedication(osolvingcomplexmathproblemsmakesher

A.wearoutB.workoutC.turnoutD.standout

5.Thecoachtheplayersfortheirlackofeffortduringthegame.

A.pickedonB.toldoffC.blewawayD.helpedout

6.Anderson'sfairytalesareamongthemostfrequentlytranslatedworksinallofliteraryhistory,andthethemes

ofhisstoriesadultsandchildrenalike.

A.belongtoB.contributetoC.adjusttoD.appealto

7.Aftermonthsofresearch,theteamfinallyarevolutionarymethodtorecycleplasticwaste.

A.putupwithB.cameupwith

C.keptupwithD.lookedforwardto

8.Theoldprofessorpaintingafterhisretirementandhebecamequiteskilledsoon.

A.broughtupB.cameacrossC.pickedonD.tookto

9.Followinginthefootstepsofhisteacherallthoseyearsago,Mr.Wanghasnowhisskillstothenew

members.

A.passedbyB.takenonC.passedonD.takenup

10.TheChinesecharactersonthenoticeboardweresocarelesslywrittenthattheyweredifficultto,

especiallyforthoseforeignstudents.

A.pointoutB.giveoutC.makeoutD.workout

11.China'seconomywillcontinuetointhethirdandfourthquartersoftheyearwithexistingpolicy

supportandforcefulinfrastructurespending.

A.pickupB.(urnupC.putupD.bringup

12.Theprojecthadtobeduetounexpectedbudgetcuts,whichdisappointedeveryoneinvolved.

A.putdownB.cutoffC.putoffD.cutdown

13.Asabrilliantathlete,shewaswellspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.

A.blamedforB.conditionedfor

C.boundforD.longedfor

14.Thegardenhadbeenseriouslyneglected,andhadbeencompletelybyweedsandwildflowers.

A.handedoverB.pulledoverC.knockedoverD.takenover

15.ManyyoungdesignerstodaytheintricatepatternsofChinesepaper-cutting,creatingmodernfashion

pieceswithtraditionalelements.

A.keepcontactwithB.seeksolutionsto

C.takeinspirationfromD.giveriseto

16.Johnhasauniquewaytohisideawithveryfewwords,anditimpressedusalot.

A.drawupB.getacrossC.breakthroughD.turnout

17.WeallthebeliefthatChinesetraditionalcultureisatreasurethatdeservestobesharedand

celebrated,soastoenhanceculturalexchangeandmutualunderstanding.

A.subscribetoB.consistofC.resignfromD.adaptto

18.Toreducee-waste,somecompaniesprogramsencouragingcustomerstorecycleolddevices.

A.gaveawayB.turnedoverC.putforwardD.setup

19.Theboy'sfacewhenheheardtheamazingnewsthathewontheprizefbroverseasstudytour.

A.broughtupB.litupC.putupD.tookup

20.IvisitedmanymuseumsandafewwordsofItalianwhenItravelledinItaly.

A.lookedupB.putupC.pickedupD.madeup

31.Ineedtofindsomeproperwaystothestressinmylife.

A.comparewithB.consistofC.backdownD.copewith

32.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtoreducingtrafficjaminthecity.

A.figureoutB.contributetoC.relatetoD.accountfbr

33.Currently,manyworkingwomenrelativestohelptakecareoftheirchildren.

A.(ellofB.consistofC.relyonD.switchon

34.It'simpolitefbranyoneelsetowhensomeoneistalking.

A.cutupB.cutinC.cutoffD.cutdown

35.Tooursurprise,crowdsofpeopletowatchthecharityperformance.

A.turnedoutB.turneddownC.brokeoutD.brokedown

36.IthinkHelenKellerisagoodv/ritcr.Shemetmanydifficultiesinherlifebutshenever.

A.gaveupB.wentoutC.satdownD.ranaround

37.Themanagermeetingwiththeteamtodiscussthenewprojectproposal.

A.belongedtoB.insistedonC.judgedfromD.figuredout

38.Eventhoughtheprojectfacedmanychallenges,wedecidedtoandcompleteitsuccessfully.

A.carryoutB.carryawayC.carryonD.carryover

39.Thetemptationforadecliningchurchtooldprivilegesisstrong.

A.hangontoB.settleforC.passupD.signfor

40.Whenwethedatafurther,wecanidentifyspecifictrendsandpatternsthatmaynotbeevidentatfirst

glance.

A.breakupB.breakoutC.breakthroughD.breakdown

考向04语法填空中的动词综合考查

1

(2026届北京市海淀区高三期末英语试题)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

IntheearlywinterofsouthernHubei,morethanadozenBeltandRoadmediarepresentativesfromdifferent

countriesarrivedinChibi——anancientcity14heritageincludesboththebattlefieldmemoriesofthe

ThreeKingdomsandtheenduringlegacyoflea.Followingthehistorictracksof(heTeaRoad,theyexploredthe

thousand-year-oldrelics15(preserve)fromtheThreeKingdomsbattlefield.Throughimmersive

experiences,theyuncoveredthetimelessstoriesofQingzhuanTea,16(learn)howChinese-style

modernizationencouragesculturalexchangeandmutualunderstandingamongpeople.

2

(2026届北京市朝阳区高三期末一模试题)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

ToBenjaminandLoic,twoFrenchmen.Chinawasadistantyetfascinatingplace,anamemoreoften

17(find)inheadlines.InSeptember2023,thetwofriendsdecidedtowalkallthewaytoChina,

18(choose)tokeeptheirjourneylow-carbon.Theyquittheirjobs,packedonlyessentialsandacceptedthat

theroadahead19(last)overayear.China,whichtheyenteredafterayearlongjourney,markedamilestone,

notjus(ingeographicalterms,butemotionally.BythetimetheyarrivedinLanzhou,they2()(be)onthe

roadforabout450days.

3.

(2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题〉

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

EvanBudz,a15-ycar-oldfromCanada,wonfirstplaceatthe36thEUContestforYoungScientistswithhis

autonomousbionicseaturtlerobot.He14(inspire)whenheobservedthemovementofrealturtlesduring

acamping(rip.Hisdesignenablessmoothermovementthroughwater,15(reduce)impactonthedelicate

underwaterecosystems.16anAl-poweredcomputervisionsystem,(herobotmonitorscoralhealthand

aidsunderwatersurveysandcoralreefprotection.Budz'sinnovationshowsyoungpeople'sremarkablecapability

17(tackle)complextechnicalandenvironmentalchallenges.

4.

(2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模考试英语试题)

LastDecember,Iorderedawarmhamburgeratafoodstore.Asileftthestore,Inoticedtherewasanolder

poorgentlemanI(sit)at(hebusstop.Knowingitwouldprobablybehisonlywarmmealoftheday,I2

(give)himthehamburger.Butallwasnotlostforme.Anothercustomerofferedmehalfofherhamburger.Iwasso

delightedbecauseIrealisedthat3onewayoranother,wearealllookedafter.

5

(北京市北京师范大学第一.附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5)阅读下列短文，根据短文内

容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形

式填空。

InformationinyourbrainI(collect),storedandrecalledbyneuralpathways.Thesepathwaysare

responsibleforyourabilitiestosolveproblems,rememberfamiliarfacesandtasks,withoutpayingatonofefforts.

Millionsoftheseneuralpathwaysbegindevelopingfromthetime2youaregrowingintoababy.3

(keep)ourmemoryhealthy,weneedtocreatenewpathwayscontinually.

6

(2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控(一模)英语试题)闻读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所

给词的恰当形式填空。

HumorisabalancingactandBrainPOBaneducationalplatform,canhelpteacherscreateanappropriate

balancebecausethe[(lean)activitiessupportanycourseinadynamicandkid-friendlywayJulieKuzma

fromapublicschoolagrees.She2(appreciate)thathumorisasignificantcontentprincipleBrainPOP

employs.Shealsoemphasizesthathumorintheclassroomisnotaboutmakingjokesbutabout3youmake

studentsfeelacertainway.Inherexperience,humorbuildstrustandmakesstudentsfeelconnectedand4

(see).“Ifyoucanmakethemsmile,youknowthatyou'reontherighttrackandyou'velightenedtheirdayalittle

bit.”

7

(2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控(一模)英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所

给词的恰当形式填空。

HainanFreeTradePortis](large)freetradeponintheworld,withrichtourismresourcesandunique

culture.Therearebeautifulbeaches,qualityhotsprings,uniquerainforests,richcuisineandweddingtourismbases.

Hainanalsopaysattentiontothedevelopmentofsportstourismanduntilnow,it2(build)anationalsports

trainingsouthernbaseandaseriesofsportsactivities.Inaddition,Hainanalsohasawealthofshoppingandduty­

freeshops,whereshopkeepersofferavarietyofspecialtygoodsandexperiences.Withitshigh-qualityservicesand

diverseandinclusiveculturalatmosphere,Hainan3(sincere)welcomestouristsfromallovertheworldto

experienceauniqueislandtrip.

8

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ArecentstudypublishedinBMCPsychologysuggeststhateditingphotoscan14(negative)impacthow

individualsperceivetheirattractivenessandoverallself-esteem.Thisconnectionseemstobeinfluencedby

comparingphysicalappearanceand15(treat)oneselfasanobject.Theseresultsserveasawarningtosocial

mediauserstobeawareof(hepotentialnegativeeffectsofusingphoto-editingcoolsorfilters.Nowadays,social

media16(use)bymillionsofpeopletoconnectandsharetheirlives.However,researchsuggeststhatexcessive

useofsocialmediamayleadtomentalhealthissueslikedepressionand17(anxious).

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Bysendingseedsonshort(ripsintospace,Chinaisdevelopingnewcropvarieties.Thisprocess,18

(know)asspacebreeding,exposesseedstocosmicradiation,whichchangestheirgenesandleadsto(hecreationof

newvarietieswithgreaterdiversity.SinceChina'sfirstspacebreedingexperimentinAugust1987,thecountry_19

(send)seedsfromthousandsofplantspeciesintospace.Thishasresultedinthedevelopmentofnearly1,000new

plantvarieties.ThetechnologyreportedlyhelpsincreaseChina'sannualgrainproduction202milliontonsand

producesdirecteconomicbenefitsexceeding100billionyuan.

10.

(北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容

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填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Ineverydaylife,thequestionof]weshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourheartisa

frequentandimporianione.Recentstudies2(show)(hatevengatheringjusialittlebiimoreevidencemay

helpusavoidamajormistake.Sometimesthemostimportantdecision3wemakecanbetotakesomemore

timebeforemakingachoice.

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(北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容

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填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答.

Erinna](move)byherson'shaircut.Shesharedavideoonline,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.

2(give)thehugeresponse,ErinnaalsosetupaspecialGoFundMetosupportherson'shairdresser3

(make)sureshe'sabletocontinuetoworkandreplaceanylostincomefromtheimpactofthepandemic(流行病).

12

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Standinginthetrainhome,Inoticedawomansittingnearby]wasknittingintently.Herneedles

pulledasinglestringfromabagonthefloorwhilethesquareshewasworkingon2(grow)everlarger.I

putawaymyreadingandsurprisedtogazeatherfingers.Whenthetraingottomystop,Imovedtowardthedoor,

andshelookeduptosee3wewere.Igaveherabroadsmileandtwothumbsup.Shesmiledbackshyly,

andthencasthereyesbackdowntoherwork.

13

(北京大学附属中学202