考点30-阅读理解词义猜测题（重难题型）-2023年高考英语一轮复习

考力、3U阅读埋解词义猜测题（重难题型）

命题趋势

历年来高考试题中的生词量有增无减。《教学大纲》要求学生“读懂生词率不超过3%的

传记、故事、记叙文、科普小品文和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料在英语阅

读训练和测试中的生词隙碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致

分五类：

1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：NearbyistheIndian叩olisracecourse,

wherethenation'smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30叫我们学过course的意

思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方，

可推断course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。

2.合成伺、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting,heartbroken,computer-literate,decision-thinking,

imperfect等；

3.“灵活''的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；

4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景

5.超纲生词。

有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。

那么阅读理解时遇到大埴生词该怎么办？查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然

这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，乂容

易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能

为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练习中遇到生词不要马

上查词典，可以通过•定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考

阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速

而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。

该类题常见的考查形式有：

1.Thephrase"...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby.

2.Theword"…"intheparagraphrefersto.

3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunlined

wordmean?

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase

5.Thewordmostnearlymeans.

方法技巧

对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的

方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

1.构词法猜词

阅读中常常会遇到一些也熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮

助。如:unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是

词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此

unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。

经典好题

I.Bangladesh'sfloatinggardens,builttogrowfoodduringfloodseasons,couldoffera

continuoussolutionforpartsoftheworldwhicharelikelytosufferfromfloodingbecauseof

climatechange,anewstudyhasfound.

Bangladesh'sfloatinggardensbeganhundredsofyearsago.Thegardensaremadefrom

nativeplantsthatfloatintheriversandoperatealmostlikerafts（筏）,risingandfillingwith

（hewalers.Historically,theywereusedtocontinuegrowingfoodduringrainyseasonswhen

riverswerefilledwithwater.

Thefarmerslayertheplantsaboutthreefeetdeep,creatingaversionofraised-bed

gardensthatfloatinthewater.Then,theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Asthe

raft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.

Butasclimatechangeaffectedthevolumeofwaterinthoserivers,theresearchers

wantedtounderstandwhetherBangladesh'sfloatinggardenscouldbeacontinuousfarming

practice.Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardens

providestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandina

farmingfamily'sincome.

Theyfound（hatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid（杂交）seeds,whichmustberepurchasec

eachyear,togrowadiverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarcalso

sensitivetopests,sofarmersendupspendingsomemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.

Bu（evenwiththoseexpenses,（heyfound,benefitsoutweighedcosts.Onefarmertoldthe

researchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfrom

traditionalricefields.

However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans（贷款）lo

covertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;there

arcalsolowcr-imerestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-govcrnnicntalorganizations,

试卷第2页，共20页

whichcouldease（hatburden.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweighed"inparagraph5mean?

A.Affected.B.Brought.C.Beat.D.Equaled.

2.利用同义近义词猜词

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的

词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,这些词语或短语在

句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此

确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

经典好题

2.Canasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteeihesafelyandreliabilityofrailways

and,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatisthevery

likelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesintheskyJ,technologytomakingsurethatthemillions

ofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基础设施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona

24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingused（oexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddo

preciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure

suchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlythey

canbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbe

improved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrossthe

board.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmainlenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailway

personnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billion

eurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspect

andrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwith

dronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservices

forrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafety

problems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesfbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineers

arenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthe

trackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswith

advancedsensorsandAlandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.With

theirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbe

ismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonulriafashions(oshow

itiseco-friendly.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coHapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.

4.利用上下文语境猜词

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章

有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是俄读

过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

经典好题

4.Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebelhhasbeenaself-employedpeltransportspecialist.

Herpettransportjobwasbomofthefinancialcrisis(危机)in(helate2000s.Thedownturn

hittherealestate(房地产)firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.The

firmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,she

sawadogwanderingoniheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenver

agreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomefbrsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelong

forMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.

Mcrcbctlfspctdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.Ithastakenhertoeverystatein

theUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanew

place,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.She

hasdriventhrough55rnphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaand

totalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.Hemovedtheirfamilyfrom

CanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanew

placetogether.Assoonasshegraduatedfromhighschool,shelefthometoliveonCatalina

IslandofftheCaliforniancoast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingand

off-roadhiking.

1((urnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellalabout$30,000peryearbeforelax.

Shedoesn'tworkinsummer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfbrtheanimalsinthecar,even

withairconditioning.Asautumncomes,shegetsrestlessthesameoldwanderlustreturning.

It'sacallshemusthandlealone,though.Merebethsays,“WhenI'montheroad,I'mjustin

myownworld.I'vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelp

animals.”

ThewordUwanderlusf'inparagraph2meansadesireto?

A.makemoney.B.iryvariousjobs.

C.beclosetonature.D.traveltodifferentplaces.

经典好题

5.Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.

Manyyoungpeopledon\evenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it*sjustnormal.

ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaoverthe

SpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsand

colorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecansecthe

pictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.

What'supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageand

continued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Isthere

somethingwrongwiththiskid?

ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfather

frequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpictures

thatconicalivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.

Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It'sanoutdated,lifelessthing.

Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well.Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,

digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I'veevenbuilt

websites.

There'sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:Evespentlittletimein

frontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfrom

askingnielastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationof

Beijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.

Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar-twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletit

gotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.

Whatdotheunderlinedwords<lhithomefbrme”meaninparagraph2?

A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.

C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.

5.利用定义和解释猜词

有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测

试卷第6页，共20页

这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至

用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。

经典好题

6.Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestcharmingtheplanet.Whilecarsand

trainsarcmovingtowardsgreener,electricpower,emissionsfromairtravelarcexpectedto

increasemassivelyby2050.Ifwewantbiggreenskysolutions,weneedblueskythinking

Fortunately,there'splen:yofthathappeningrightnow,particularlytheshort-haulflights

poweredbybatteries.

HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlineinNorthAmerica,flying30,000commercial

flightsin40seaplaneseachyear.Significantly,allHarbourAirrouteslastlessthan30

minutes,makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines."Asanairline,we'recurrentlyinthe

processofturningallourplanesintoelectricairplanes,saysCEOGregMeDougall.Tomake

thishappen,theairlinehaspartneredupwithMagniXtocreatetheworldsfirstcommercial

flightwithanelectricengine.

Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment,italsomakessound

financialsense:asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whilean

electriconecosts$8-12fbrthesamedistance,andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehigher

maintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarc

justmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,just

environmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.

Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee-planeindustry,thetechnicalchallengesthat

remainarekeepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery,evenalithiumone,only

provides250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel,whichhasaspecific

energyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequatebatteries,however,would

maketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft,whereeverybitofweightcounts,

thiscan'tjustbeignored.

Thetransition（过渡）fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmade

easierbyhybrids-vehiclespoweredbybothfuelandelectricity.Manybelievethesame

patterncouldbefollowedintheair.Fuelconsumptioncouldbereducedastheelectric

componentisswitchedonatkeypartsofthejourney,especiallyontake-offandlanding.

It'scertainlyanexcitingtimefbrelectricflying.WithcompanieslikeIlarbourAirtaking

thelead,battery-poweredplanes,especiallyonshort-hauljourneys,arcsettobecomea

realityinthenextfewyears.

Theexpressiont4addedbonus^referstothefactthatelectricplanes.

A.givepassengersmorepleasantviews

B.bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefits

C.offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiences

D.costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalones

6.根据语义转折猜词

有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。

如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,onthe

otherhand,unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词

义。

经典好题

7.AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeand

consumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontraryto

existingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlarge

portions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyourea.lyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwo

experiments.Inthefirst.95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabto

ostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,

eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbed

herfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasesshe

woreaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipiuits

followedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytook

significantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnack

bowls.Intheothercase.shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:the

participantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactorlook30

pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remaking

decisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtocatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'llhavewhat

she,shaving“effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavinga

试卷第8页，共20页

largeportion,rilholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathin

personeatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles“inparagraphIreferto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.

D.Tallthinpersons.

7.利用经验和常识猜词

经典好题

8.…Twasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotonto

Highway40,bluelightsandsirens（警笛）going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthat

suddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthe

sightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsonthe

shouldcr.^^

Themeaningof''panicked"inParagraph2isrelatedto.

A.shameB.hate

C.angerD.fear

模拟检测

Passage1

InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopespoint

towardsthestars,scanningforsignsoflife.TheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence

（SETI）Institutehasbeenlisteningforasignalheresinceitwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,

itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaimisnotjusttocommunicatewithremote

civilisations.Itisalsotoremindhumanbeingsofitsownmodest,fragile（脆弱的）placein

theuniverse.Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignal

thatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.

FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandcomposer,hasanideaofwhatmight

work.Sineesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heand

Ms.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProject^-acalltopeopleeverywheretoupload

extracts（精华）ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.Aniniiial

compositionwillbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructible

disk.FutureplansanddreamsincludeaneventuallandingonMars.

Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.Distantbeingscanintheoryalready

enjoyPeruvianpanpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnoprevious

offering,andperhapsnocompositionundertakenanywhere,hastriedtoencompasstheentire

diversityofhumansong.

Mr.Santiagosaysheisthrilledaboutbringingtogethercontributorsfromaroundthe

globe.Unlikeotherrecordingssentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,uEveryone*sinvited.You

don'thavetobeoneofthemaincomposersofourhistorylikeBeethoven,justsomeone

singingintheirshower."Downloadthe“EarthlingProject'*app,singuptothreesongsof30

secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.

9.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?

A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.

B.Toscanfbrotherliveableplanets.

C.Torespondtothecalloftheuniverse.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.

10.Whatcanweinferaboutthe"EarthlingProject^^?

A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.

B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.

C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.

D.1(aimstosearchfbrsignalsfromspace.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"encompass"inParagraph3mean?

A.Include.B.Appreciate.

C.Workout.D.Relateto.

12.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toinspirepeopletobecomecomposers.

B.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.

C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.

D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.

Passage2

DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,Juliabeganhersecondyearasafirstgradeteacherin

anonlineclassroom.OneSeptemberafternoon,shereceivedacallfromandCynthia,who

washavingtechnicaldifficultieswithhergranddaughter'stoolsforonlinelearning.

JuliaimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrongwithCynthia.Thetwowomenhad

spokenmanytimesbefore,butJuliahadneverheardshesoundedlikethis.Herwordswere

试卷第1。页，共20页

sojumbledthatJuliacouldbarelyunderstandher.Juliacalledherheadmaster,Charlie,who

convincedherthathewouldcallandcheckonCynthiahimself.

JustlikeJulia,CharliecouldbarelyunderstandCynthia.Hesuspectedshemightbe

havingastroke(中风)一herecognizedthesignsfromwhenhisownfatherhadsufferedone.

CharlieimmediatelybecameconcernedthatCynthia'stwograndchildren,agessixandeight,

wereprobablyhomealonewithherandscared.Charlieaskedhisofficemanagertosendan

ambulancetothegrandmother'shome.

ThequickresponsefromJuliaandCharliesavedCynthia'slife.Shearrivedatthe

hospitalintimetogettreatmentbeforelong-termdamageoccurred.Thankstoanextended

stayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostofthemovementthroughoutherbodyexceptfor

onehandandaregionofhermouth.

'TmproudofthepeopleIworkwith,thattheyrespondedsoquicklyandthatitdidmake

adifferencetoCynthia,''saysJulia."Iamsopleasedtobepartofsuchacaringcommunity?'

But(heschool'scrisisresponseisonlyonepieceof(hecommunity'sextraordinaryeffortsto

helpCynthiaandhergranddaughters.Anotherfamilywithyoungchildrentookinthetwo

girls.

Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butit'sfairtosaythatithas

helpedthecommunitygrowcloser.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumbers

tostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneededextrahelp.Inthiscase,theexchangewasliterally

life-altering.

13.CynthiacalledJuliainorderto_.

A.complainaboutthepaorcontentsofonlinelearning

B.consultabouthergranddaughter'sacademicperformance

C.seeksomehelpforlackofcertaintechnicalknowledge

D.volunteerherservicesasateacherinanonlineclassroom

14.Theunderlinedword'jumbled“inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto_.

A.brief

B.unclear

C.gentle

D.impolite

15.HowdidCharliedecidethatCynthiamighthavesufferedastroke?

A.Byrecallinghisownprevioussufferingsfromthedisease.

B.Byusinghisprofessionalknowledgetoformthejudgment.

C.BycombiningJulia*scallwiththegranddaughters'description.

D.Byidentifying（hesymptomsthatastrokepatientmayhave.

16.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvirtualleaning?

A.Ithascausedmuchinconveniencetoparents.

B.Itwillbringaboutunavoidableleakofprivacy.

C.Ithasprovidedmorebenefitsthanchallenges.

D.Itneedstechnicalguidancetobehighlyeffective.

Passage3

Mylifeasatax-payingemployedpersonbeganinmiddleschool,when,forthreewhole

days,Iworkedonanassembly（装配）line.MybestfriendBetsy'sfatherwasanexecutive

（管理者）atHoughBakeries,which,atspecialfestivals,madelittlerabbit-shapedcakesfor

allitsstores.Theplantdowntownneededeightkidsfortemporaryhelp,andtheshift（轮班）

felloverspringbreak,duringwhichIhadnoplans.Cake?Ilovedcake-icingespecially.Td

earnminimumwage.I'dseehowafactoryworked.Myparentsthoughtallofthiswasa

grandideafbragirllikemeandcalledBetsy'sdadwiththeirpermission.

Ourrolesonthelineweresimple:Placecakesonconveyorbelt.Attachicingcars.Apply

icingeyesandnose.Removethecakesfrombelt;placeontotrays.Thiswasharderthanit

sounds.Withyourmindwandering,thecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsthatfirstnight,it

wasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI'dexpected.Dadsmiled.Thiswasthesortofwork

thatmadeyouappreciatethemoneyyouearned,hetoldme.Andifyourfeethurtorthe

minutesfeltlikehours,wellthenthatwasjustmotivationtokeepthosegradesupandgetthat

collegeeducation.

Andtheicing?Wekidswereallowedtoeatasmuchaswewanted.Bynoonthefirstday,

Icouldbarelylookalthesluff.Toborrowafavoritephrasefrommyfather:Theexecutives

weren'tbornyesterday.

17.Whydidthewritercccidctotakethejob?

A.Toearnlotsofmoney.

B.Toenjoyherspringbreak.

C.TohelpBetsy'sfathertemporarily.

D.Tolearnoftheoperationoftheplant.

试卷第12页，共20页

18.Whatcanwclearnfromparagraph2?

A.Thewriterfoundthejobsimple.

B.Thejobneededgreatconcentration.

C.Thewriterquitthejobthefirstnight.

D.Fatherlaughedatthewriter'sperformance.

19.HowdidDadrespondtothewriter'sfirst-dayexperience?

A.Inspiring.B.Doubtful.C.Critical.D.Sympathetic.

20.Whatdocsthewritermeanbysaying“Icouldbarelylookatthestuff'?

A.Shefoundtheicingugly.B.Shewastiredfromthework.

C.Shehadeatentoomuchicing.D.Shefelldepressedwiththejob.

Passage4

HaveyoueverheardaboutBlackFridayandCyberMonday?Surely,theyareallabout

findingthebestdealsonholidaygiftsforyourselfandfamilymembers.Andhaveyouheard

aboutGivingTuesday?Hereissomethingaboutit!

GivingTuesdayisobservedannuallyontheTuesdayafterThanksgiving,which

encouragespeopletohelpthoseinneedbymakingfinancialdonationsordoinggoodintheir

localcommunity.The“GlobalDayofGiving''wasstartedin2012byNewYorkCity

nonprofit92ndStreetYandtheUnitedNationsFoundation.

UnlikeBlackFriday,GivingTuesdayservesamoreallruislicpurpose.Initsfirstyear,

themovementbroughtinalmost$10millionforcharities,andthingshaveonlyimproved

since.In2019,manyGivingTuesdaysocialmediacampaignsworldwidehelpedraisean

amazing$1.9billionfrom27milliondonors!Overthepastfiveyears,manyhigher

educationinstitutionshavealsobeenusingtheTuesdayafterThanksgivingtoaskalumnifor

donations.In2019,theUniversityofMichigan,whichcallsitBlueday,received5887gifts

totalingover$4million,whilePennsylvaniaStateUniversityraisedS710()(X)tobenefitover

85Universityprograms.

Thoughdonatingmoneycertainlyhelps,(herearemanyotherwaystosupportthegreat

cause,especiallyduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Youcanvideotutorkidsstrugglingwith

onlinelearning,orteamupwithanadulttogetgroceriesormedicationsforanelderly

neighbor.Alternatively,callonyourpeerstohelpyouwithaserviceprojectthataddressesan

issueclosetoyourheart,orpickonefromtheseveralideassuggestedontheGivingTuesday

website.Youcanalsodonateyourgently-usedclothesandtoystolocalshelters,ormaila

handwrittennotetoagrandparentorafriendyoumissseeing.

Whatareyougoingtodotomakeapositivedifferenceinyourcommunityon

GivingTucsday?Letusknowbyaddingyourcommentsbelow!

21.WhydoestheauthormentionBlackFridayandCyberMondayinParagraph1?

A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Toleadtothetopic.

C.Toarousereaders5interest.D.Toexpresshisdoubt.

22.What'stheaimofGivingTucsday?

A.Topromotethedevelopmentofeconomy.B.Toattractpeopletobuymoreholiday

gifts.

C.Tocallonmoreuniversitiestodonatemoney.D.Toencouragepeopletohelpthosein

need.

23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic"inParagraph3mean?

A.Selfless.B.General.C.Specific.D.Complex.

24.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Wherepeoplecanoffertheirkindhelp.B.WhatpeoplecandoonGivingTuesday.

C.HowpeoplecanstaysafeduringC0VID-19.D.Whypeopleneedtosupportihegreat

cause.

Passage5

Inpreviousrecessions（经济衰退），billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittook

almostthreeyearsforForbes's400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008's

GreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshav