考研英语（二）模拟试卷32

考研英语（二）模拟试卷32

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,for(heyare

usedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.[Cl],theBritishIslescontaina

varietyofpeoples,andonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers

[C2]tothemselvesasWelsh,Scottish,orIrish,[C3]thecasemaybe;

(heyareoftenslightlyannoyed[C4]beingclassifiedas"English".Evenin

Englandtherearcmany[C5]inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief

[C6]isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa[C7]

goingfromBristoltoLondon,peoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntby

foreignstudents,[C8]therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechis

usually"broader"than[C9]ofsouthernBritain.Northernersarc[CIO]

toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSoutherners,andaremore[Cl1].

Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswith

(hem[C12]Northernersgenerallyhavehearty[C13]:thevisitorto

LancashireorYorkshire,forinstance,maylookforwardtoreceiving[C14]

helpingsatmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands

[C15]agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.

InScotlandthesound[C16]bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsound,and

"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe[C17]insouthern

English.TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautious,thriftypeople,1C18]

inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeopleofBritain(theWelsh,the

Irish,theScots)arefrequently[CI9]asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.

Theyarc[C20]aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.

1、[Cl]

A^Inconsequence

B、Inbrief

C、Ingeneral

D、Infact

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中可以看出，manyforeigners...callalltheinhabitantsEnglish与

onlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish构成转折关系。纵观4个选项，A

项Inconsequence意为“因此”，表示因果关系；B项Inbrief意为“简言之”；C项In

general意为“一般来说”；D项Infact意为“实际上”，表示语气的转折，符合题意。

2、[C2]

A、confine

B、attach

C、refer

D、add

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据上下文语境，theothers的谓语动词与上文onlythepeopleof

Englandcall(hemselvesEnglish的谓语动词call形成同义替换，4个选项中A项

confine...。意为“把...局限于”;B项attach...to…意为”系上,贴上，使依附

于……”；C项referto…as意为"把……称作”；D项addto意为“增加”。所以C项

最贴合文意。

3、[C3]

A^as

B、which

C、for

D、so

标准答案：A

知识/解析：as作为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作表语，指代

整个主句；which虽然也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但在此类带有插入性质的定

语从句中均用as,例如：Asisknowntoall,waterconsistsofoxygenandhydrogeno

另外，Asthecasemaybe为习语，译为“视情况而定

4、[C4]

A、with

B、by

C、as

D、at

标准答案：D

知识点解析：beannoyedat意为“对...感到烦恼，不痛快”，其后接sth.或者

doingsth.等名词表达；A顷beannoyedwith后接sb.意为“对某人生气”；B项be

annoyedby后接sth.,表示“由于...而不高兴”；没有C项这种搭配。根据句意

和搭配，选

5、[C5]

A、similarities

differences

C、certainties

D^features

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一段讲述英国人的不同区分，第三段通过broader,workharder等

信息可判断是在描述英格兰本土的南北差异，进一步可确定第二段是由Even引导

的承上启下的递进逻辑关系,所以，空白处应是“差异”相关的词。A项similarities

意为,,类似,相同点“；B项differences意为“差别，不问”，符合文意；C项

certainties意为“确定性"；D项features意为“特点

6、[C6]

A、factor

B、virtue

C、privilege

D^division

标准答案：D

知识点解析：定冠词the表明所填空应为上文出现过的词（或是同义替换），上文是

differences；又根据下文描述南北差异，此处是要引出下文的差异描述。A项facior

意为“因素”；B项virtue意为“美德。优点”；C项privilege意为“特权，特殊荣

幸”；D项division意为“不一致卜符合文意。

7、[C7]

A^line

B、row

C、border

scale

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据选项和goingfromBristoltoLondon推测可知，要表达的句意为

“从布里斯托尔到伦敦一线以南”，显然从布里斯托尔到伦敦是两点构成的“线A

项line意为“线，直线”符合题意；B项row意为"排”;C项border意为“边境,国

界“，在一区域内的语言文化分界线不能用border。D项sere意为“尺度，规模”，

不符合题意。

8、[C8]

A、who

B、when

C^though

D、for

标准答案：C

知识点解析：将选项逐一代入空白处可知。只有C项though使前后构成让步逻辑

关系，使得文意通顺，句意为“从布里斯托尔到伦敦一线以南。人们说的英语就是

外国学生通常所学的那种英语，尽管有些地方性差异。"when引导时间状语从句和

for引导原因状语从句均不符合。

9、[C9]

A、that

B、those

C、thearea

D、theregion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此句是rflthan构成的比较结构，比较结构前后需---对应，north

regional和southernBritain对应，speech对应的需是相应的名词或代词，此处为避

免重复，用that指代speech；B项those指代复数，故排除；而C和D项不能和

speech构成比较逻辑。所以A选项符合要求。

10、[C10]

A、used

B、apt

C、possible

D、probable

标准答案：B

知识点解析：beaptlodosomething意为“倾向于，习惯于“；A项beusedtodoing

sth.意为“习惯尸（后接名词或动名词）”;C项sb.ispossibleiodoslh.为错误搭

配，应为itispossibleforsb.todosth.,意为“某人可能做某事“；D项probable

意为“很可能成为现实的“，用于“Ilisprobabletha「或"slh.isprobable"，此外，

probable还可以做形容词，修饰名词。此处B项apl符合上下文。

11、[C11]

A^perfect

B、notorious

C、superior

D、thorough

标准答案：D

知识点解析：thorough意为“纯正，完美”，符合题意;A项perfect（完美的,完善

的）没有比较级和最高级的形式，不与more搭配使用：B项notorious意为“臭名昭

著的”，与上下文的内容相悖故排除；C项superior意为“较好的，上等的“，是形容

词比较级，不能与more连用。

12、[C12]

A、swiftly

B、promptly

C、immediately

D、quickly

标准答案：D

知识点解析：通过open-heartedandhospitable和选项可以推断，本句是强调交朋友

的“快A项swiflly意为“快速地，檄捷地”；B项promplly意为“敏捷地，迅速

地，即刻地”，两词均强调动作发生的敏捷性；C项immediately表示“立刻，马

上”；D项quickly意为“快速地，迅速地”，表示速度之快，D项最合适。

13、（C13）

A、appetites

B、castes

C、interests

D、senses

标准答案:A

知识点解析：冒号后面是对空白处所填词的解释说明，根据lookforwardto和at

mealtimes可推测,此处跟“吃”有关。纵观四个选项,A项appeliie意为“胃口,食

欲”，符合题意;B项taste意为“滋味,趣味，鉴赏力”；C项interest意为“兴趣”；

D项sense意为“感觉，意识”，三词均不合题意。

14、［C14］

A^genuine

B、generous

C、general

D^sincere

标准答案：B

知识点解析：结合上文中的heartyappetites（好胃口）和helpings可知，此句意应为

“到兰开郡或约克郡的参观者在吃饭时有望得到丰盛的饭菜”。A项genuine意为“真

的，真诚的“，和D项sincere意为“真实的，诚挚的”，一般都是修饰人，此处修饰

helpings不合适:C项general意为“一般的，大致的”,不符合句意;B项generous

意为“慷慨的，丰富的”，符合句意，因此选B。

15、［C151

A、designate

B、demonstrate

C^represent

D、reckon

标准答案：C

知识点解析：represent意为，描述，表示”，句意为“在口音和特征方面，米德兰（英

格兰中部地区）的人代表了从南部型英格兰人到北部型英格兰人的逐渐变化”，故答

案为C。A项designate意为“指明,表明“；B项demonstrate意为“论证,演示“；D

项reckon意为“认为，指望：测算”；根据上下文语义，均不符合“

16、［C16］

A、delivered

denoted

C、depicted

D^defined

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据上下文和选项，本句句意为“字母，R'所表示的音是强音A项

deliver意为“交付，投递，发表“；B项denote意为“表示”，符合句意；C项depicl

意为“描述”:D项define意为“给下定义

17、［C17］

A^quiet

B、obscure

C、faint

D、silent

标准答案：C

知识点解析：silent在此指的是语音学中的“默音的”。A项quiet意为“安静的”；B

项obscure意为“不出名的，暗淡的”;D项faint意为“微弱的，无力的”，均不贴

切。

18、［C18］

A、rather

B、still

C、somehow

D、even

标准答案：A

知识点解析：并列连词and前后是并列逻辑，根据and之后somewhatmystical可

知，and之前是一个程度副词来修饰inventive。四个选项中，A项rather二quite,意

为“相当，颇”;B项still意为“仍然”:C项somehow意为T以某种方式,不知怎么

的“；D项even意为“甚至“；所以A项是正确答案。

19、［C191

A、rendered

B、thought

C^impressed

D、described

标准答案：D

知识点解析：bedescribedas意为“被描述为”，符合题意。A项“rendcr+名词+形容

词“意为“致使"；B项bethoughtofas意为“被认为“，而ihinkas无此意；C项

impress意为“使……留下印象"，人做主语表示“对……印象深亥「一般不接as.所以

D项为正确答案。

20、［C20］

A、with

B、of

C、among

D^against

标准答案：B

知识点解析："beofl•名词"意为”具有的"。如Heisofimportancetome.他对

我具有重要性。本句意思是“他们具有与英格兰人完全不同的血统A项wilh意

为“与一起“：C项among竟为“在中间”：D项beagainst竟为“违反，反

对“，均不符合。所以B选项是正确答案。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共25题，每题

分，共25分。）

Thedomesticeconomyin（heUnitedStatesexpandedinaremarkablyvigorousand

steadyfashion.Therevivalinconsumerconfidencewasreflectedinthehigherproportion

ofincomesspentforgoodsandservicesand（hemarkedincreaseinconsumerwillingness

totakeoninstallmentdebt.Aparallelstrengtheninginbusinesspsychologywas

manifestedinastepped-upraleofplantandequipmentspendingandagradualpickupin

expensesforinventory.Confidenceintheeconomywasalsoreflectedinthestrengthof

thestockmarketandinthestabilityofthebondmarket.Fortheyearasawhole,

consumerandbusinesssentimentbenefitedfromtheeaseinEast-Westtensions.The

basesofthebusinessexpansionweretobefoundmainlyinthestimulativemonetaiyand

fiscalpoliciesthathadbeenpursued.Moreover,therestorationofsounderliquidity

positionsandtightermanagementcontrolofproductionefficiencyhadalsohelpedlaythe

groundworkforastrongexpansion.Inaddition,theeconomicpolicymovesmadebythe

Presidenthadservedtorenewoptimismonthebusinessoutlookwhileboostinghopes

（hatinflationwouldbebroughtundermoreeffectivecontrol.Finally,ofcourse,the

economywasabletogrowasvigorouslyasitdidbecausesufficientleeway（余地）existed

intermsofidlemenandmachines.TheUnitedStatesbalanceofpaymenls（国际收支差

额）deficitdeclinedsharply.Nevertheless,hyanyothertest,thedeficitremainedvery

large.Whiletheoveralltradeperformanceproveddisappointing,therearestillgood

reasonsforexpectingthedelayedimpactofdevaluationtoproduceintimeasignificant

strengtheninginourtradepicture.GiventhesizeoftheJapanesecomponentofourtrade

deficit,however,（heoutcomewilldependimportantlyon（heextentofthecorrective

measuresundertakenbyJapan.Theunderlyingtaskofpublicpolicyfortheyearahead一

andindeedforthelongerrun—remainedafamiliarone:tostriketherightbalance

betweenencouraginghealthyeconomicgrowthandavoidinginflationarypressures.With

theeconomyshowingsustainedandvigorousgrowth,andwiththecurrencycrisis

highlightingtheneedtoimproveourcompetitivepostureinternationally,theemphasis

seemedtobeshiftingtotheproblemofinflation.ThePhaseThreeprogramofwageand

pricerestraintcancontributecoreducinginflation.

21、Thestabilityofthebondmarketismentionedinthefirstparagraphsoasto.

A、showthestrengthofthestockmarket

B、manifestthepublic'strustintheeconomicsituation

C、reveal（heeaseinEast-Westtensions

D、indicatethehigherproportionofincomesspentforcommodities

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：根据题干信号词thestabilityofthebondmarket（债券市场的稳定）以及

出处提示firstparagraph可回文定位到首段倒数第二句Confidenceintheeconomy

wasalsoreflectcdinthestrengthofthestockmarketandinthestabilityofthebond

market（股票市场的影响力以及债券市场的稳定也反映了人们对经济的信心），此处

是题眼。理解本句的关键是对bereflecledin（反映在……上面）短语的把握，它在逻

辑上等同于beillustratedby］由……可证明），表示其前后是例证关系，即：其后信

息是例子，其前信息是证我的对象。由此可知：两处括弧表达•,股票市场的影响力''

与“债券市场的稳定''作为例子都证明（反映）的对象是“表明公众对经济形势的信

心”，因此B项正确。请考生注意B项与题眼的对应改写：manifest对应原文的

reflect；thepublic'strustintheeconomicsituation对应原文的Confidencein

theeconomyo

22、Wemaylearnfromparagraph2thatitcenterson.

A、thecausesoftheAmerica'seconomicexpansion

B、thestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpolicies

C、therestorationofsounderliquiditypositions

D^thePresident'seconomicpolicymoves

标准答案：A

知识点解析：段落主旨题佬解题思路是关注该段落的段首句、段尾句、总述句等特

殊功能句或总结握炼该段落的复现词，即主旨词.本段首句Thebasesofihe

businessexpansionweretobefoundmainlyinthestimulativemonetaryandfiscal

policiesthathadbeenpursued（经济发展的根本原因主要在于所奉行货币和财政政策

的刺激），本句话显然在分析“经济发展的原因”；第二句请考生注意过渡词

Moreover,表示语义递进，因此本句继续分析经济发展的原因；第三句再次使用语

义递进的过渡词Inaddition.阐述经济发展的又一个原I大I；本段尾句的连贯词是

Finally,表示原因分析的终结，即经济发展的另一个原因。综上所述，本段.主要在

讲述（centerson）“美国经济发展的种种原因”，因此A项正确。

23、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthedeclineoftheU.S.balanceofpaymentsdeficitcan

besummarizedas.

A、depressed

B、optimistic

C、objective

D、impartial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干信弓词thedeclineoftheU.S.balanceofpaymentsdeficit可

回文定位到第三段首句TheUnitedStatesbalanceofpaymentsdeficitdeclined

sharply（美国国际收支差额方面的赤字急剧下降），但作者态度在此句并未体现，故

需要继续在下文寻找，并钺定接下来的第二、三句为本题目“题眼”：

Nevertheless,byanyothertest,thedeficitremainedverylarge.Whiletheoverall

tradeperformanceproveddisappointing,（herearestillgoodreasonsforexpecting（he

delayedimpactofdevaluationtoproduceintimeasignificantstrengtheninginourtrade

picture（然而。根据其他标准，赤字依然庞大。虽然总体的贸易表现令人失望。但

仍然有充分的理由可以指望美元贬值所产生的后续影响能够及时对贸易前景产生强

有力的促进作用）。鉴于作者态度题的解题思路是关注回文定位信息中的主观感受

性表达，故考生要注意本段前三句的下列评价性措辞：decline（积极）与large（消极）

构成对比关系（Nevertheless"然而"），disappointing（消极）与significant

strengthening（积极）构成对比美系（While,,尽管”），故作者刈问题的评价是,•辩证性”

的，即“客观的”,C项正确。

24、Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldpublicpolicyaimatintheyearstoconic?

A、Encouraginghealthyeconomicgrowth.

B、Avoidinginflationarypressures.

C、Reducinginflation.

D、StrikingabalancebetweenAandB.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干信号词publicpolicy>aimat和indieyearstocome可回文定

位到尾段首句Theunderlyingtaskofpublicpolicyfortheyearahead—andindeedfor

thelongerrun-rcmaincdafamiliarone：tostriketherightbalancebetweenencouraging

healthyeconomicgrowthandavoidinginflationarypressures（公共政策在未来一年----

甚至在更长的时间——的潜在目标依然是大家熟悉的任务：在促进经济健康增长和

避免通张压力之间达成平衡）。此处为本题目“题眼”。冒号后的表达是对前面目标

的解释：在促进经济健康增长和避免通胀压力之间达成平衡。D项与题眼信息语义

完全一致，故为正确项。

25、AboutthePhaseThreeprogram,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT.

A、it'sdesignedfbrwageandpricerestraint

Bitmayservetosolvetheproblemofinllation

C、ithelpsencouragehealthyeconomicgrowth

D^ithelpsavoidinflationarypressures

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干信号词PhraseThreeprogram可回文定位到尾段尾句The

PhaseThreeprogramofwageandpricerestraintcancontributetoreducinginflation（有关

抑制工资利物价的三期工程有助于减缓通胀）。此处为本题目的“题眼”。

Wehaveknownforalongtinethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyis

influencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwc

haverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,and

thatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesotcultureknowntous,thatis,

scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ournature:snotconsideredas

unchangeable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproach（hebeginningof（he21st

cenlury.thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallenging（he

roles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharaclerislicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet.scarcely

twentyyearsago,thesewerethought（obe"beyonddispute".Wecansafelysay,witha

fewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespectivefunctions

remainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.

Theroledistinctionlastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,

religionandcustomsallegedLOhaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanbore

childrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwas

rusponsibicforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysatisfyinglliciineedsinpuauuliiiiuand

goingtowarwhennecessary.Theentireworldorderrestedonthedistinctionofthe

sexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbetweentheroleswasseenasathreat(o(hetime-

honored(由来已久的)orderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstnature,adeviationfromthe

norm.Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe"place"appropriatetoeach.Women's

placewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factories

andbusinessfirms,belongedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateand

public)gavcrisetoastrictdichotomy(对立)betweentheattitudes,whichconferredon

eachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,"cared,nurturedand

conserved".Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.

Theman,on(heotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupeverydayin

(hestrugglefbrsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethought

naturalinaman.Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfbrdoingso

havechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambition

andpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthe

wishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.

What'smoreimportant,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesirefor

independence.

26>According(o(hetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A^Thedefinitionofthesexesvariesaccordingtoscientificandideological

development.

B、Humanbeings'naturemaybechangedsociallyandbiologically.

C、Thefunctionsandresponsibilitiesofthesexesareundoubtedlyunchangeable.

D、Theorganizationofasocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionanddistinctionofthe

sexes.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：判断题的题干往往缺乏高效信号词，需将各选项一一同文定位，作比

对判断。

27Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、theidentityofthesexesusedtobedeemedeasytodefine

B、theprogressincertainsciencesischallengingthetraditionaldefinitionaboutthe

sexes

C、thedefinitionabouteachsexwasconsideredas"beyonddispute"nearlytwentyyears

ago.

D^howtoidentifythesexeswasconsideredhardinthepast

标准答案：A

知识之解析：段落推断题的题干缺乏有价值的信号词，可将选项一一回文定位，作

比对判断。但切记：若有不止一个选项与原文语义一致，则要选那个由原文信息

“推断”出来的“深刻”选项，而非字面一致的“肤浅”选项。

28、Judgingfromthecontext,theword"pIace"(LineI,Para.4)mostprobablymeans

A、dwellingplace

B、workingplace

C>socialclass

D、physiologicalcharacteristics

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干信号词place以及出处提示Para.4可回文定位到第四段首

句Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe^place^appropriatetoeach（在过去，男女

的角色是根据适合各自的“place”界定的）。鉴于•词汇推断题的解题思路是根据问题

词汇的上文或下文信息，找寻线索，作分析推断，考生应继续向下阅读，并锁定接

下来的第二、三句为本题目"题眼”:Women'splacewastfirstandforemost,inthe

home.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,belonged

I。men.（女人的地儿，首先并且最重要的，是在家；而车间、工厂和公司这些外

面的世界则属于男人）。不难看出这两句话对问题词“place”作了解释，它们分别讲

述了男、女性不同的工作场所，故答案为B。

29、WhichofthefollowingdocsNOTbelongtotheemergingreasonsforwomengoing

outtowork?

A、personalfulfillment

B、thewishtogetfreedfromdomesticchores

C、thedesireforindependence

D^financialmotives

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干信号词theemergingreasonsforwomengoingouttowork可回

文定位到尾段首句Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfbrdoing

sohavcchangcdconsiderably.（今天，许多女性会外出工作，他们这样做的原因也

已发生很大变化）。但是本句作为本段总述句，并未阐述具体原因，故考生应该继

续向下阅读。鉴于判断题的题干往往缺乏高效信号词，考生可将各选项一一在下文

定位，作比对判断。

30、Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

A^Thetraditionaldefinitionsofthesexes.

B、Theinfluenceofthedefinitionofthesexesonsocialorganization.

C、Theevolutionofthedefinitionofthesexes.

D、Theimprovementofwomen'ssocialstatus.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：篇章主旨题的解题思路之•是“将各段首句作逻辑比对首段首句：

Wchaveknownforalongtinethattheorganizationofanyparticularsociety

isinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem（长期

以来，我们都知道任何特定社会的组织都会受到性别界定与区分的影响）；第二段

首句：Wccansafelysay,withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexes

andtheirrespectivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningof

the19thcenturytothe1960s（除一些小的例外，我们可以肯定地说，关于男女性别的

定义和他们各自的社会作用，从19世纪到20世纪60年代一直没有改变）；第三段

首句：Theentireworldorderrestedonthedistinctionofthesexes（整个世界秩序完全

取决于性别的区分）；第四段首句：Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingto

the^place^appropriatetoeach.（在过去，男女的角色是根据适合各自的“地儿”界定

的）；尾段首句：Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingso

havechangedconsiderably（今天，许多女性开始外出工作，其原I大I相应地也发生很

大改变）。纵观各段首句，经比对，考生会发现ihedefinitionof（hesexes（首段首

句）、thedefinitionofthesexes（第二段首句）、ihedistinctionofthesexes（第三段首

句）、Sexroles（笫四段首句）和manywomengoouttowork（本质上属于“女性角色的变

化”，尾段首句）是“复现词''，即本文的“主旨词”，正确项必须包含。再根据首段首

句的时间状语foralongtime、第二段首句的时间状语fromthebeginningofthe19th

centurytothe1960s^第三段首句的动词过去时态restedon、第四段首句的动词过

去时态were,以及尾段首句的时间状语Today和动词havechanged可知，本文阐

述的是“性别定义”在不同时期的“演变”，故C项是正确答案。

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stock

options,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremuneration（报酬）rose,

taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.

Amiability（和蔼可亲）isnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberof

chiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss'sjobtoworry

aboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbe

sweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusiness

savvy（机智）supposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandthe

industrysohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andontheway

upexecutivesareexceedinglydedicated.TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableof

enoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobably

notahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboard

ofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmay

largelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovides

himwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.Thesedays,he

probablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto"keeptheoldheartinshape"andfor

（hesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributeto

takinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor'swarningto"takeit

easy"fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathis

heels.Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby"executivesearchfirms",isagrowing

industry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressive

executivesarcsoindemandthatcompaniesrcgukirlyraideachother'smanagerialranks.

31、Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat.

A、promotiondependsonamiability

B、chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevel

C、itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinates

D^achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry

标准答案：D

知识点解析：鉴于本推断题题干缺乏高效信号词，考生可将选项一一回文定位，比

对判断。

32、Theterm"aerobicexercise"（Line1,Para.4）isakindof.

A^hallucinalion（幻觉）exercise

B、physicalexercise

C、meditationexercise

D、entertainment

标准答案：B

知识点解析:根据题干信号词aerobicexercise以及出处提示Line1,paragraph4可

回文定位到第四段首句Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobic

exercisetoukeepthcoldheartinshape”…（如今,为了让自己“老迈的心脏保持健康”,

他很可能会尝试某种aerobicexercise）。鉴于短语推断题的解题思路是关注问题短

语的上、下文信息、，寻找语义线索，故考生可关注问题短语之后的画线表达，根据

此处的动词不定式可知，前者（aerobicexercise）的目的是为了“保持心脏的健康”。

比对选项，考生会发现能够给人带来心脏健康或身体健康的只有C项（体育锻炼）。

33、Forexecutives,agolfcourseisaplacewhere.

A^theycanconducttheirbusiness

B、theycanindulgethemselves

C^theycancultivatetheirmind

D、theycanexerciseaswellassocialize

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题下信号词executive和agolfcourse可I可文定位到第三段尾句

Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing（高尔

夫提供了运动的机会，顺便还可做些有价值的社交活动），故本句为题眼。

34、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A、Executives（endtoignoredoctors'adviceandwarnings.

B、Executivesarcsensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.

C、Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.

D^Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：判断题的题干往往缺乏有价值的信号词，可将选项一一回文定位，比

对判断。

35、From（helastparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A、therearctoomanyaggressiveexecutives

B、individualtalentisnotessentialforacompany

C、thejobofan"executivesearchfirm"iscorporatehead-hunting

D、itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother'smanagerialranks

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：鉴于判断题的题干往往缺乏有价值的信号词，考生可将选项一一回文

定位，比对判断。

Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,is

heavilydependentoncertainsssentialservices:fbrinstance,electricitysupply,waler,rail

androadtransport,andharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidened（oinclude

removingrubbish,hospitalandambulanceservices,and,astheeconomydevelops,

centralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasesto

operate,thewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthiseconomicinterdependenceof

theeconomicsystemthatmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.

Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries'economicbloodsupply.

ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountries,inpartbecausethe

laborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounions,

comparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.Forhistoricalreasons,Britain'sunions

havetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallines,ratherthanonanindustry-by~

industrybasis,whichmakesawagespolicy,democracyinindustryandtheimprovement

ofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrains

andtensionsin（hetradeunionmovement,someofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedand

inefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrial

changes.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnew

trades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunions,whichmeansthat

differentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetween

unions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharcbeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancing

technologies,unionscanfightfortheirmembers'disappointingjobstothepointwhere

thejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.Theprintingofnewspapers

bothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinter

toholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternal

communicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdo,problemswhichmultiplyinverylarge

unionsorin（hosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasingle

generalunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersare

elected,orevenappointed,foi-life.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemof"

shopstewards"inmanyunions,"shopstewards"beingworkerselectedbyotherworkers

astheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.

36Britainespeciallydependsuponcertainessentialservicespartlybecause.

A^itsindustryishighlycentralizedandconcentrated

B、itstransportsystemoftenfails

C、itseconomicsystemisathighrisk

D、itselectricitysupplyisinadequate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干信号词Britainespeciallydependsuponcertainessential

services可回文定位到首段首句Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralized

and