2026年广东省部编版初中英语下册第5单元语法练习题

2026年广东省部编版初中英语下册第5单元语法练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewsciencemuseuminourcity______lastmonth,andithasattractedmanyvisitorssincethen.A.openedB)opensC)hasopenedD)willopen解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据句中时间状语"lastmonth"可知，动作发生在过去，且句子描述的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响（"hasattracted"），因此需用一般过去时态。选项B为一般现在时，选项C为现在完成时，选项D为一般将来时，均不符合语境。正确答案为A。2.Mysister______abookwhenIcalledheryesterdayevening,butshedidn'tanswerthephone.A.readB)wasreadingC)readsD)hasread解析：本题考查过去进行时态。根据句中时间状语"whenIcalledheryesterdayevening"和语境（打电话时正在做某事）可知，动作发生在过去某个时间点正在持续，需用过去进行时。选项A为一般过去时，选项C为一般现在时，选项D为现在完成时，均不符合语境。正确答案为B。3.Ifit______tomorrow,wewillgotothezooinsteadofstayingathome.A.won'trainB)doesn'trainC)won'tberainingD)isn'training解析：本题考查一般现在时表将来。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态。选项A和C为一般将来时，选项D为现在进行时，均不符合语法规则。正确答案为B。4.______youfinishyourhomework,youcanwatchTV.A.AssoonasB)UntilC)BeforeD)After解析：本题考查时间状语从句。根据句意"一完成作业就可以看电视"，需用"assoonas"引导的状语从句表示"一...就..."。选项B表示"直到"，选项C表示"在...之前"，选项D表示"在...之后"，均不符合语境。正确答案为A。5.TheteachertoldthestudentsthattheEarth______aroundtheSun.A.goesB)wentC)hasgoneD)isgoing解析：本题考查一般现在时被动语态。根据句意"地球绕着太阳转"和主语"TheEarth"是动作的承受者，需用一般现在时被动语态。选项B为一般过去时，选项C为现在完成时，选项D为现在进行时，均不符合语境。正确答案为A。6.Mybrother______toplaythepianosincehewasfiveyearsold.A.hasbeenlearningB)learnedC)islearningD)waslearning解析：本题考查现在完成进行时态。根据句中时间状语"sincehewasfiveyearsold"和语境（从过去开始持续到现在的动作），需用现在完成进行时态。选项B为一般过去时，选项C为一般现在时，选项D为过去进行时，均不符合语境。正确答案为A。7.IfI______enoughmoneynextyear,IwilltraveltoJapan.A.haveB)willhaveC)amhavingD)willbehaving解析：本题考查一般现在时表将来。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态。选项B和D为一般将来时，选项C为现在进行时，均不符合语法规则。正确答案为A。8.Thestudents______theirfinalexamsnextweek,sotheyarestudyinghard.A.willtakeB)takeC)tookD)aretaking解析：本题考查一般将来时。根据句中时间状语"nextweek"和语境（即将发生的考试），需用一般将来时态。选项B为一般现在时，选项C为一般过去时，选项D为现在进行时，均不符合语境。正确答案为A。9.Myparents______metothelibraryyesterdayafternoon,andwereadsomeinterestingbooks.A.tookB)hadtakenC)takeD)havetaken解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据句中时间状语"yesterdayafternoon"可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时态。选项B为现在完成时，选项C为一般现在时，选项D为现在完成时，均不符合语境。正确答案为A。10.Thechildren______beenplayinghide-and-seekinthegardensince3o'clockthisafternoon.A.haveB)areC)hasD)havebeen解析：本题考查现在完成进行时态。根据句中时间状语"since3o'clockthisafternoon"和语境（从下午3点开始持续到现在的动作），需用现在完成进行时态。主语"Thechildren"是复数，选项C语法错误。正确答案为D。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Ifyou______(nothurry),youwillarriveontime.参考答案：don'thurry解析：本题考查一般现在时否定式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态的否定形式。动词"hurry"为实义动词，需加助动词"do"的否定形式"don't"。2.Theboy______(play)basketballeveryafternoonafterschoollastterm.参考答案：played解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据句中时间状语"lastterm"可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时态。主语"Theboy"是第三人称单数，动词需加"-ed"。"play"的过去式为"played"。3.Mysister______(go)tothesupermarketthismorning,butsheforgottobuymilk.参考答案：went解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据句中时间状语"thismorning"可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时态。主语"Mysister"是第三人称单数，动词需加"-ed"。"go"的过去式为"went"。4.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.参考答案：rains解析：本题考查一般现在时表将来。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态。动词"rain"为实义动词，需加助动词"do"的一般现在时形式"rains"。5.Thestudents______(study)fortheirexamsalldayyesterday.参考答案：studied解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据句中时间状语"yesterday"可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时态。主语"Thestudents"是复数，动词需加"-ed"。"study"的过去式为"studied"。6.Ifyou______(be)ontimetomorrow,youwillgetabonus.参考答案：are解析：本题考查一般现在时表将来。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态。主语"you"是第一人称或第三人称单数，动词需用"be"的一般现在时形式"are"。7.Mybrother______(notwatch)TVlastnightbecausehewastootired.参考答案：didn'twatch解析：本题考查一般过去时否定式。根据句中时间状语"lastnight"可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时态的否定形式。主语"Mybrother"是第三人称单数，动词需加助动词"do"的否定形式"didn't"和动词原形"watch"。8.Thechildren______(play)intheparksince4o'clockthisafternoon.参考答案：havebeenplaying解析：本题考查现在完成进行时态。根据句中时间状语"since4o'clockthisafternoon"和语境（从下午4点开始持续到现在的动作），需用现在完成进行时态。主语"Thechildren"是复数，动词需用"havebeen"和现在分词"playing"。9.Ifit______(notsnow)tomorrow,wewillgoskiing.参考答案：doesn'tsnow解析：本题考查一般现在时否定式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态的否定形式。动词"snow"为实义动词，需加助动词"do"的否定形式"doesn't"和动词原形"snow"。10.TheteachertoldusthattheEarth______(revolve)aroundtheSun.参考答案：revolves解析：本题考查一般现在时被动语态。根据句意"地球绕着太阳转"和主语"TheEarth"是动作的承受者，需用一般现在时被动语态。动词"revolve"以"r"开头，不规则变化为"revolves"，直接加"-s"。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThestudentswillhavetheirEnglishtestnextMonday.(√)解析：句子语法正确，时态和主谓一致均符合一般将来时规则。2.Mysisterhasbeencookingdinnersince5o'clockthisevening.(√)解析：句子语法正确，现在完成进行时态符合语境（从5点开始持续到现在的动作）。3.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothebeach.(√)解析：句子语法正确，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。4.Theboyplayedbasketballeveryafternoonlastweek.(√)解析：句子语法正确，一般过去时态符合语境（上周每天打篮球）。5.MymotheriswatchingTVnow,soshedidn'tgotothesupermarket.(×)解析：句子语法错误，"iswatching"和"didn'tgo"时态矛盾。前半句为现在进行时，后半句为一般过去时否定式，应改为"IfmymotheriswatchingTVnow,shewon'tgotothesupermarket."6.Thechildrenhavebeenplayinginthegardensince3o'clockyesterdayafternoon.(×)解析：句子语法错误，时间状语"since3o'clockyesterdayafternoon"表示过去的时间，而"havebeenplaying"表示现在完成进行时，应改为"Thechildrenplayedinthegardenfrom3o'clockyesterdayafternoonto5o'clock."7.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,IwilltraveltoJapan.(√)解析：句子语法正确，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。8.Thestudentstooktheirfinalexamslastweek.(√)解析：句子语法正确，一般过去时态符合语境（上周进行了期末考试）。9.Mybrotherwillgotothesupermarketthismorning,buthedidn'tbuymilk.(×)解析：句子语法错误，时态矛盾。前半句为一般将来时，后半句为一般过去时否定式，应改为"Mybrotherwenttothesupermarketthismorning,buthedidn'tbuymilk."10.TheEarthrevolvesaroundtheSun.(√)解析：句子语法正确，一般现在时被动语态符合语境（地球绕着太阳转）。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"will"and"begoingto"inexpressingfutureplans.参考答案："Will"isusedfordecisionsmadeatthemomentofspeakingorpredictionsbasedonpresentevidence.Forexample,"Iwillcallyoutomorrow.""Begoingto"isusedforplansmadeinadvanceorintentionsbasedonpresentevidence.Forexample,"IamgoingtocallyoutomorrowbecauseIneedtotellyousomething."解析：本题考查一般将来时的两种表达方式。需解释"will"和"begoingto"的用法区别，并各举一个例句说明。2.Whydoweusethepresentperfecttensein"Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears"?参考答案：Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.In"Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears,"theactionoflivingherebeganfiveyearsagoandisstillongoing.解析：本题考查现在完成时的用法。需解释现在完成时的概念，并结合例句说明其应用场景。3.WhatisthestructureofthepassivevoiceinEnglish?参考答案：Thestructureofthepassivevoiceis"be+pastparticiple."Forexample,"ThebookwaswrittenbyJohn."解析：本题考查被动语态的结构。需说明被动语态的构成，并举例说明。4.Howdoyouformthepastcontinuoustense?参考答案：Thepastcontinuoustenseisformedby"was/were+verb-ing."Forexample,"Iwasreadingabookwhenyoucalledme."解析：本题考查过去进行时的构成。需说明过去进行时的构成方式，并举例说明。5.Whendoweuse"if"toexpressconditions?参考答案："If"isusedtoexpressconditionsbetweentwoclauses.Inthemainclause,weuse"will"forpredictionsordecisions,andintheifclause,weusethepresentsimpletenseforfuturepredictions.Forexample,"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."解析：本题考查if引导的条件状语从句的用法。需说明if的用法，并举例说明。6.Whydoweusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensein"Shehasbeenworkingheresince2010"?参考答案：Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisusedtoemphasizethedurationofanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.In"Shehasbeenworkingheresince2010,"theemphasisisonthelongdurationofherwork.解析：本题考查现在完成进行时的用法。需解释现在完成进行时的概念，并结合例句说明其应用场景。7.Howdoyouformthefuturewith"begoingto"?参考答案：Thefuturewith"begoingto"isformedby"be+goingto+verb."Forexample,"IamgoingtotraveltoJapannextyear."解析：本题考查begoingto将来时的构成。需说明begoingto将来时的构成方式，并举例说明。8.Whatisthedifferencebetween"hasbeen"and"has"?参考答案："Hasbeen"isthepresentperfectcontinuoustense,emphasizingthedurationofanaction."Has"isthepresentperfecttense,emphasizingtheresultofanaction.Forexample,"Shehasbeenstudyingfortwohours"emphasizestheduration,while"Shehasstudied"emphasizestheresult.解析：本题考查现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。需解释两者的概念和区别，并各举一个例句说明。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceinthepassivevoice:"Theteachergavethestudentsabook."参考答案：Thebookwasgiventothestudentsbytheteacher.解析：将主动语态改为被动语态，需将宾语"thebook"变为主语，动词"gave"变为"wasgiven"，并加上介词"to"和施动者"bytheteacher"。2.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"IfI______(have)enoughmoney,Iwillbuyacar."参考答案：have解析：在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态。动词"have"为实义动词，需用一般现在时形式"have"。3.Changethefollowingsentenceintothepastcontinuoustense:"Sheisreadingabooknow."参考答案：Shewasreadingabookthen.解析：将现在进行时改为过去进行时，需将"be"动词"is"改为"was"，并将动词"reading"改为过去分词"reading"。时间状语"now"改为"then"。4.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"TheEarth______(revolve)aroundtheSun."参考答案：revolves解析：根据主语"TheEarth"是第三人称单数，动词需加"-s"。动词"revolve"以"r"开头，不规则变化为"revolves"。5.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense:"Hehasfinishedhishomework."参考答案：Hehasbeenfinishinghishomework.解析：将现在完成时改为现在完成进行时，需将"hasfinished"改为"hasbeenfinishing"，强调动作的持续时间。6.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."参考答案：rains解析：在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时态。动词"rain"为实义动词，需用一般现在时形式"rains"。7.Changethefollowingsentenceintothepassivevoice:"ThestudentswillhavetheirEnglishtestnextweek."参考答案：TheirEnglishtestwillbehadnextweek.解析：将主动语态改为被动语态，需将宾语"theirEnglishtest"变为主语，动词"willhave"改为"willbehad"，并调整语序。8.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Thechildren______(play)inthegardensince4o'clockthisafternoon."参考答案：havebeenplaying解析：根据句中时间状语"since4o'clockthisafternoon"和语境（从下午4点开始持续到现在的动作），需用现在完成进行时态。主语"Thechildren"是复数，动词需用"havebeen"和现在分词"playing"。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.B4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.D二、填空题1.don'thurry2.played3.went4.rains5.studied6.are7.didn'twatch8.havebeenplaying9.doesn'tsnow10.revolves三、判断题1.√2.√3.√4.√5.×6.×7.√8.√9.×10.√四、简答题1."Will"isusedfordecisionsmadeatthemomentofspeakingorpredictionsbasedonpresentevidence.Forexample,"Iwillcallyoutomorrow.""Begoingto"isusedforplansmadeinadvanceorintentionsbasedonpresentevidence.Forexample,"IamgoingtocallyoutomorrowbecauseIneedtotellyousomething."2.Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.In"Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears,"theactionoflivingherebeganfiveyearsagoandisstillongoing.3.Thestructureofthepassivevoiceis"be+pastparticiple."Forexample,"ThebookwaswrittenbyJohn."