考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷308

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷308

一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。)

LastweekendKyleMacDonaldinMontrealthrewapartytocelebratethefactthathegot

hisnewhomeinexchangeforaredpaperclip.Startingayearago,MacDonaldbartered

theclipforincreasinglyvaluablestuff,includingacampstoveandfreerentinaPhoenix

flat.Havingannouncedhisaim(thehouse)inadvance,MacDonaldlikelygotaboostfrom

lechieseagertoseetheInternetpassthisdaringtestofitsnetworkingpower."Mywhole

mottowas1Startsmall,thinkbig,andhavefun'",saysMacDonald,26,"Ireallykeptmy

effortonthecreativesideratherthanthebusinessside."YetasoddastheMacDonald

exchangewas,barterisnowbigbusinessontheNet.Thisyearmorethan400,000

companiesworldwidewillexchangesome$10billionworthofgoodsandservicesona

growingnumberofbartersites.TheseWebsitesallowcompaniestotradeproductsfora

virtualcurrency,whichtheycanusetobuygoodsfromothermembers.InIceland,

garment-makerKapusalansellsathirdofitsoutputontheboomingVidskiptanetid

exchange,earningvirtualmoneythatitusestobuymachineryandpaypartofemployee

salaries.TheTroc-ServicesexchangeinFranceoffersmorethan4,600services,from

mathlessonstoironing.Thisisnotaprimitivebartersystem.Bycreatingcurrencies,the

Internetremovesamajorbarrier—whatBobMeyer,publisherofBarterNews,calls"the

doublecoincidenceofwants".Thatis,twopartiesoncenotonlyhadtofindeachother,

butalsoanexchangeofgoodsthatbothdesired.Now,theycanpricethedealinvirtual

currency.Barteralsohelpsfirmsmakeuseofidlecapacity.Forexample,advertisingis

"hugelybartered"becausemanymedia,particularlyontheWeb,cansupplynewadspace

atlittlecost.Moreover,Internetadsdon'tregisterinindustrygrowthstatistics,because

manyexchangesarearrangedoutsidetheformalexchanges.LikeeBay,mostbartersites

allowmembersto"grade"tradingpartnersforhonesty,qualityandsoon.Barter

exchangescanallowfirmsincountrieswithhyperinflationornontradablecurrenciesto

enterglobaltrades.Nextyear,anonprofitexchangecalledQuickLiftTwo(QL2)plansto

openinNairobi,offeringbarterdealsto38,000Kenyanfarmersinremoteareas.Two

smallplaneswilldeliver(hegoods.QL2directorGaciiWaciumasaysthefarmersare

excitedtobe"liberatedfromcorruptmiddlemen."Forthem,barterevokesabrightfuture,

notaprecapitalistpast.

1、Theword"techiesn(Para.I)probablyreferstothosewhoare

A-.afraidoftechnology.

B、skilledintechnology.

C、ignorantoftechnology.

D、incompetentintechnology.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:含义题。BIJjskilledintechnology,根据原文第一段lechie的下文“渴

望看到网络的力量”的人，应该是熟悉网络，擅长网络的人，故选B项skilledin

technologyoA、C、D项于逻辑上说不通，如果害怕技术，对技术无动于衷，不可

能对网络新兴技术如此渴望和感兴趣。“techie”相当于中文里的“技术狂”。

2、ManypeoplemayhavedeliberatelyhelpedKylebecausethey

A、wereimpressedbyhiscreativity.

B、wereeagertoidentifywithhismotto.

C、likedhisgoalannouncedinadvance.

D、hopedtoprovethepoweroftheInternet.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。眼据第一段的MacDonaldlikelygotaboostfromtechieseager

toseetheInternetpassthisdaringtestofitsnetworkingpower：麦克的成功得益于很多

技术达人的支持，他们『常殷切地希望看到互联网发挥社交网络的力量。D项与其

相符。

3、TheInternetbartersystemreliesheavilyon

A、thesizeofbartersites.

B、theuseofvirtualcurrency.

C、thequalityofgoodsorservices.

D、thelocationoftradingcompanies.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:细节题。限据第三段的"Bycreatingcurrencies,theInternetremovesa

majorbarrier（通过创造货币，互联网解决了一个大障碍）”可以推理得知，该系统非

常依赖虚拟货币。B项为正确答案。

4、ItisimpliedthatInternetadvertisementcanhelp

A、companiesmakemoreprofit.

B、companiesdoformalexchanges.

C、mediaregisterinstatistics.

D、mediagradebartersires.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。题目为“文章中揭示了互联网广告能够帮助”,答案来

自第四段的“Forexample,advertisingis'hugelybarteredbecausemanymedia,

particularlyontheWeb,cansup—plynewadspaceatlittlecost（许多媒体，尤其是网

络媒体，能够以低廉价格提供广告空间）”。B项与后文相反，C项没有提到，D项

没有提到，A项符合逻辑，既然广告价格低廉当然可以为公司创造更多利润。

5、WhichofthefollowingistrueofQL2accordingtotheauthor?

A、Itiscriticizedfordoingbusinessinaprimitiveway.

B、Ilaimstodealwithhyperinflationinsomecountries.

C>Ithelpsgetridofmiddlemenintradeandexchange.

D、Itisintendedtoevaluatetheperformanceoftradingpartners.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。限据第五段中的QL2directorGaciiWaciumasaysthefarmers

areexcitedtobe41iberatedfromcorruptmiddlemen.^QL2的主管表示，农民们非常

激动，因为终于可以“摆脱腐败的中间商的剥削了''，可以推理出C项为正确答

案。

WhenThomasKeller,oneofAmerica'sforemostchefs,announcedthatonSept.1he

wouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSc,hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,

andreplaceitwithaEuropean-styleservicecharge,Iknewthreegroupswouldbe

opposed:customers,serversandrestaurantowners.Thesethreegroupsareallcommitted

totipping-astheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites.Toopposetipping,itseems,istobe

anti-capitalist,andmaybeevenalittleFrench.ButMr.Kellerisrighttomoveawayfrom

tipping-andit'sworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldis

wrongtostickwiththepractice.Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakes

economicsense."Waitersknowthattheywon'tgetpaidiftheydon'tdoagoodjob"is

howmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit.Tobesure,thisisatempting,apparently

rationalstatementabouteconomictheory,butitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytothe

realworldofrestaurants.MichaelLynn,anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorand

marketingatCornelfsSchoolofHotelAdministration,hasconducteddozensofstudies

oftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumers'assessmentsofthequalityofservice

correlateweaklytotheamounttheytip.Rather,customersarelikelytotipmorein

responsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabictomake

conversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilled—inotherwords,customerstip

morewhentheyliketheserver,notwhentheserviceisgood.Mr.Lynn'sstudiesalso

indicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomers

increasetheirtipsformaleservers.What'smore,consumersseemtoforgetthatthetip

increasesasthebillincreases.Thus,thetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhat

restaurantprofessionalscall"upwelling":everybottleofimportedwater,everyespresso

andeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver'spocket.Aggressiveupwellingfbrtipsis

oftenrewardedwhilelow-key,qualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized.Inaddition,the

practiceoftippooling,whichisthenorminfine-diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmore

commonineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon,hasruined

whatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter.Inan

unreasonableoutcome,youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynot

tippingthebadone.Indeed,thereappearstobelittleconnectionbetweentippingand

goodservice.

6、ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice

A^istipping-free.

B、chargeslittletip.

C、istheauthor,sinitiative.

D、isofferedatPerSe.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。根据关键词定位到第一段。根据"hewouldabolishthe

practiceoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,andreplaceit

withEuropean-styleservicecharge",replace表明欧洲式的服务收费与付小费制度相

反，因此A项“不付小费的”为正确答案。

7、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

A、Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld.

B、Waitersdon51careabouttipping.

C、Customersgenerallybelieveintipping.

D、Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。此题宜选用排除法来确定答案。根据各个选项的关键词在原

文中定位.可知A项“在餐饮业付小费是普遍的做法”、C项“顾客通常笃信小费制

度”、D项“小费制度与服务质量几乎没有关系”都正确。根据第三段提到的Waiters

knowthattheywon'tgetpaidiftheydon'tdoagoodjob以及卜文的"thisisa...rational

statementabouteconomictheory”可知B项“侍者不在乎小费''表述错误。

8、AccordingtoMichaelLynn'sstudies,waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey

A、haveperformedgoodservice.

B、frequentlyrefillcustomers*waterglass.

C、wincustomers5favor.

D、servecustomersofthesamesex.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干定位到第四、五段。由第五段的“customerstipthe

morewhentheylikethcserver,notwhentheserviceisgood”可知，如果侍者能够赢得

顾客的青睐，他就可能会得到更多的小费，这与服务质量没有关系，因此C项为

正确答案。

9、Wcmayinferfromthecontextthat"upwelling"(Para.6)probablymeans

A、sellingsomethingup.

B、sellingsomethingfancy.

C、sellingsomethingunnecessary.

D、sellingsomethingmoreexpensive.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：含义题。艰据关键词定位到第六段。本段开头说：消费者似乎忘记了

这样一个事实，即账单消费越多，小费也越多。因此小费制度就等于变相公开邀请

饭店服务员“upwelling”，冒号后面解释了什么是upwelling：每瓶进口水、每杯高

级咖啡、每杯鸡尾酒都意味着侍者口袋里额外的小费。下文接着提到Aggressive

upwellingfortipsisoftenrewarded,即这种upwelling的行为是为了得到小费。综上

木难判断，答橐为D项，upwelling意思是“亲出更贵的东西”。

10>Thispassageismainlyabout

A、reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftipping.

B、economicsenseoftipping.

C、consumersJattitudestowardstipping.

D^tippingforgoodservice.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨题。文章开头提到要取消小费制度，第二段提到有必要探讨为什

么餐饮业人员维护小费制度的做法是错误的，接下来就讲了几点原因，最后得出结

论：付小费与优质服务几乎没有关系，由此可见本文主要是讲取消小费制度的原

因，A项为正确答案。

Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—fbrthosewhohaveseenthefuture,the

linkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeuuilivesfcjiever.Yetfoiall

thetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalUtopia,littleattentionhasbeengiventothe

implicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswi:hallnewhightechnology,while

theWestconcernsitselfwiththe"how",thequestionof"fbrwhom"isputasideonce

again.Economistsarconlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunications

revolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextension

oftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporations

takefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoney

movementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomy

madepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolon

globalmarkets——withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.Forthemtheresultis

instability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoods

forexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As

"futures"aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandless

controloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsfbrregainingcontrol?Onealternativeis

fordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunications

themselves-so-called"developmentcommunications"modernization.Yetthisleadsto

long-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries'

economics.CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.,Europeor

Japan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafew

industrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmust

thereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhose

companiesstandtogain.Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoften

toolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhile

localelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransnationalcorporationsmay

benefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.

11、Fromthepassage,weknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisinthe

interestsof

A^therichcountries.

B、scientificdevelopment.

C、theelite.

D、theworldeconomy.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。本题问高新技术的发展符合谁的利益，考查了对文章主题的

把握，参见文章大意。文章中有多处信息，比如说第二段最后一句话说信息技术使

电子经济成为可能，但是这却使富国加强了对世界市场的控制，对穷国造成的是毁

灭性的影响。第四段最后一句话也讲购买新的技术造成了穷国对富国的依赖，对穷

国的经济也是永久性的限制。由此可见，高新技术的发展对富国有利，符合它们的

利益，所以选A项。

12、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A、internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded.

B、theinterestsofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration.

C、theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased.

D、communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized.

标准答案：Bj~

知识点解析：推断题。本题要求对全文进行推断。这种题目一般要看作者在文章中

的观点句。参见文章第一段第二句“然而对于所有有关即将来临的技术乌托邦的言

论来说，很少有人注意到这些发展对穷人的影响”，说明穷国的利益没有被给予足

够的考虑，所以B项对。A项是文章中没有的观点。本文讲穷国如果依赖很少一

些产品的出口就会变成国际经济机器的小零件.也就是富国的附庸，并没有说要鼓

励出口，所以C项不对。作者也没有提到发展中国家的信息技术应该现代化，所

以D项不对。

13,Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpact

ondevelopingcountries?

A、Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.

B、Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries.

C、Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.

D、Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。本题问作者为什么说电子经济对发展中国家可能有毁灭性的

影响。根据题干关键词，可知问题指向文章第二段末句：信息技术使电子经济成为

可能，但是这却使富国加强了对世界市场的控制，对穷国造成的是毁灭性的影响。

withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots中的with引导独立主格结构表示结果，前面

的句子是造成这个结果的原因，也就是这使得发达国家可以控制国际市场，所以A

项对。B、C项文章中没提到。D项讲这限制了发展中国家的工业发展，非常容易

误选，因为这和第四段最后一句的后半句内容是一致的。但是，首先这句话偏离了

考点,而且thisleadsto...andperhapspemianentconstraints…中的this是指代发展中

国家买进最新的计算机和通讯技术的，而问题是电子经济对发展中国家为什么有毁

灭性的影响。选择项中的it是指代theelectroniceconomy的，所以D项不能选，这

是典型的移花接木。

14、Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountries

may

A、hindertheirindustrialproduction.

causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade.

C^forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports.

D、costthemtheireconomicindependence.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。本题问发展中国家现代信息技术的发展可能导致什么。问题

指向文章第四段最后一句。此句中的ihis又是指代题干中的内容，所以答案就是最

后一句的内容。答案为“丧失经济独立”，与原文中的“导致长期依赖”一致，所以选

D项。其他选项的内容都没有在最后一句话中反映出来。

15、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis

A、positive.

13、critical.

C^indifferent.

D^tolerant.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：态度题。这可以从整个文章的发展看出来，而目.作者在文章中用了

destructiveimpact,instability,long-termdependency,permanentconstraints这些词

表达了对信息革命的否定态度，所以选B项。

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwater

andeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasic

assumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytruein

agriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogress

withoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itis

importanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughout

history,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothed

andshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanit

istoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypically

localized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwas

relativelyinefficient.Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrial

revolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.

Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,these

changeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What'smore,

demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingit

willrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcities

andindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhow

itwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveaway

fromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.We

alsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe"zeroimpact".Thekeywillbeto

abandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneed

toiiiainlaiiipruduuliunwilhuuliiiuruasingdainagu.Insteadwuneedamurudynamic

interpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.

Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:

energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itis

clear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKisless

thanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonot

knowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.Whatis

crucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefood

production.

16、Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

A^Byitsproductivity.

B、Byitssustainability.

C^Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

D、Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的关键词measure定位到原文笫一段。第二句提

至『'wheresustainablcdevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolomeasureofprogress..7',即

可持续发展经常被当作农业进步的唯一标准。只要定位准确，对此句稍加理解，即

可选出正确答案。

17^Specializationandtheeffortto