经济学人常用词汇

《经济学人》常用词汇

1.绝对优势absoluteadvantage

2.逆向选择adversechoice

3选择成本alternativecost

4需求的弧弹性arcelasticityofdemand

5.非对■称信息asymmetricinformation

6.平均成本averagecost

7.平均固定成本averagefixedcost

8.平均产品averageproduct

9.平均可变成本averagevariablecost

10.债券收益bondyield

11.收支平衡图break-evenchart

12.预算线budgetline

13.捆绑销售bundling

14.资本capital

15.资本收益capitalgain

16.资本主义capitalism

17.基数效用cardinalutility

18..科布-道格拉斯生产函数Cobb-Douglasproductionfunction

19.勾结collision

20.比较优势comparativeadvantage

21.互补品complements

24.成本不变行业constant-costindustry

25.规模收益不变constantreturnstoscale

26.消费者剩余consumersurplus

27.可竞争市场contestablemarket

28.契约曲线contractcurve

29.角点解Cornersolution

30.需求的交叉弹性crosselasticityofdemand

31.垄断的无谓损失deadweightlossofmonopoly

32.买方垄断的无谓损失deadweightlossofmonopsony

33.成本递减行业decreasing-costindustry

34.规模收益递减decreasingreturntoscale

35.需求曲线demandcurve

36.可贷资金的需求曲线demandcurveofloanablefunds

37.贴现率discountrate

38.可分散风险diversifiablerisk

39.主导厂商dominantfirm

40.优势策略dominantstrategy

41.双头垄断duopoly

42.经济效率economicefficiency

43,经济利润economicprofit

44.生产的经济区域economicregionofproduction

45.经济资源economicresource

46.范围经济economiesofscope

47.有效市场假说efficientmarketshypothesis

48.财富状况endowmentposition

49.恩格尔曲线Engelcurve

50.均衡equilibrium

51.过剩生产能力excesscapacity

52.扩张路径expansionpath

53.期望货币价值expectedmonetaryvale

54.预期利润expectedprofit

55.完全信息的预期价值expectedvalueofperfectinformation

56.显成本explicitcosts

57.外部不经济externaldiseconomy

58.外部经济externaleconomy

59.先动优势first-moveradvantages

60.固定成本fixedcost

61.不变投入品fixedinput

62.一般均衡分析generalequilibriumanalysis

G3.吉芬反论Giffenzspa-adox

64.隐成本implicitcost

65.收入补偿的需求曲线income-compensateddemandcurve

66.收入-消费曲线incoFe-consumptioncurve

67.收入效应incomeeffect

68.需求的收入弹性incorreelasticityofdemand

69.成本递增的产业increasing-costindustry

70.规模收益递增increasingreturnstoscale

71.无差异曲线indifferencecurve

72.劣质商品inferiorgood

73.创新innovation

74.投入品input

75.利率interestrate

76.中间品intermediategood

77.内部收益率internalrateofreturn

78.投资investment

79.投资需求曲线investmentdemandcurve

80.等成本曲线Isocostcurve

81.等利润曲线Isoprofitcurve

82.等产量曲线Isoquant

83.等收益线Isorevenueline

84.折弯的需求曲线kinkeddemandcurve

85.劳动labor

86.土地land

87.边际收益递减率lawofdiminishingmarginalreturns

88.勒那指数Lernerindex

89.学习曲线learningcurve

90.限制行定价Limitpricing

91.长期longrun

92.边际成本marginalcost

93.边际成本定价marginalcostpricing

94.边际支出曲线marginalexpenditurecurve

95.边际产品marginalproduct

96.边际产品转换率marginalrateofproducttransformation

97.边际替代率marginalrateofsubstitution

98.边际收益marginalrevenue

99.边际收益产品marginalrevenueproduct

100.边际效用marginalutility

101.市场market

102.市场需求曲线marketdemandcurve

103.市场周期marketperiod

104.市场结构marketstructure

105.市场供给表marketsupplyschedule

106.加成定价markuppricing

107.最大最小策略maximinstrategy

108.微观经济学microeconomics

109.工厂的最小有效规模minimumefficientsizeofplant

110.模型model

111.货币收入moneyincome

112.垄断竞争monopolisticcompetition

113.垄断monopoly

114.买方垄断monopsony

115.道德风险moralhazard

116.跨国公司multinationalfirm

117.多厂垄断multiplantmonopoly

118.多产品厂商multiproductfirm

119.共同基金mutualfund

120.纳什均衡Nashequilibrium

121.自然垄断naturalmoropoly

122.净现值规则net-present-valuerule

123.不可分散的风险nondiversifiablerisk

124.非价格竞争nonpricecompetition

125.正常商品normalgoods

126.寡头垄断oligopoly

127.买方寡头垄断oligopsony

128.机会成本opportunitycost

129.最优投入品组合optimalinputcombination

130.序数效用ordinalutility

131.帕累托标准Paretocriterion

132.局部均衡分析partialequilibriumanalysis

133.货币收益pecuniarybenefits

134.完全竞争perfectcompetition

135.不可兑换的公司债券perpetuity

136.掠夺性定价predatorypricing

137现值presentvalue

138.最高限价priceceiling

139.价格•消费曲线pric-consumptioncurve

140.价格歧视pricediscrimination

141.富有价格弹性priceeastic

142.需求价格弹性priceelasticityofdemand

143.供给价格弹性priceeasticityofsupply

144.最低限价pricefloor

145.缺乏价格弹性priceinelastic

146.价格领导者priceleacer

147.价格系统pricesystem

148.委托-代理问题principal-agentproblem

149.囚犯困境prisoner'sdilemma

150.私人成本privatecost

151.概率probability

152.生产者剩余producersurplus

153.生产可能性曲线productionpossibilitiescurve

154.生产函数productionfunction

155.利润profit

156.公共物品publicgood

157.准租金quasi-rent

158.配额quota

159.射线ray

160.反映曲线reactioncurve

161.真实受益realbenefits

162.租金rent

163.脊线ridgelines

164.风险厌恶者riskaverter

165.风险爱好者risklover

166.风险中性riskneutral

167.储蓄saving

168.二级价格歧视second-degreepricediscrimination

169.销售费用sellingexpenses

170.短期shortrun

171.社会成本socialcost

172.静态效率staticefficiency

173.策略举措strategicmove

174.替代品substitutes

175.替代效应substitutioneffect

176.供给曲线supplycurve

177.目标收益targetreturn

178.关税tariff

179.技术进步technologicalchanges

180.技术technology

181.三级价格歧视third-degreepricediscrimination

182.争锋相对titfortat

183.总成本totalcost

184.总成本函数totalcostfunction

185.总固定成本totalcost

186.总收益totalrevenue

187.总剩余totalsurplus

188.总效用totalutility

189.总可变成本totalvariablecost

190.贸易可能性曲线tradingpossibilitiescurve

191.交易成本门transactioncost

192.可转让的排放许可证transferableemissionspermits

193.双重收费two-parttariff

194.搭售tying

195.单位弹性unitaryelasticity

196.效用utility

197.效用可能性曲线utilityofpossibilitycurve

198.边际产品价值valueofmarginalproduct

199.可变成本variablecost

200.可变投入品variableinput

201.冯纽曼・摩根斯坦效用函数von-Neumann-Morgenstemutilityfunction

202.赢者的诅咒winnerscurse

203.(税收的)支付能力原则ability-to-payprincipal(oftaxation)

204.(国际贸易中的)绝对优势absoluteadvantage(innternationaltrade)

205.加速原理acceleratorprinciple

206.实际预算、周期预算和结构预算actuakcyclicalandstructuralbudget

207.适应性预期adaptiveexpectations

208.可调整钉住adjustablepeg

209.管理(或非浮动)价格administered(orinflexible)prices

210.逆向选择adverseselection

211.总需求aggregatedemand

212.总需求曲线aggregatedemandcurve

213.总供给aggregatesupply

214.总供给曲线aggregatesupplycurve

215.配置效率allocativeefficiency

216.反托拉斯法antitrustlegislation

217.(通货)升值appreciation(ofacurrency)

218.贬值depreciation

219.可分拨appropriable

220.套利arbitrage

221.资产asset

222.货币的资产需求assetdemandformoney

223.自动(或内在)稳定器automatic(orbuilt-in)stabilizers

224.长期平均成本曲线averagecostcurve,long-run

225.短期平均成本曲线averagecostcurve,short-run

226.平均固定成本averagefixedcost

227.平均产品averageproduct

228.平均消费倾向averagepropensitytoconsume

229.边际消费倾向marginalpropensitytoconsume

230.平均收益averagerevenue

231.平均可见成本averagevariablecost

232.国际收支平衡表balanceofinternationalpayment

233.贸易余额balanceoftrade

234.经常项目余额balanceofcurrentaccount

235.资产负债表balancesheet

236.平衡预算balancedbudget

237.商业银行bankcommercial

238.银行货币bankmoney

239.银行准备金bankreserves

240.进入壁垒barrierstoentry

241.易货贸易barter

242.(税收的)受益原则benefitprincipal(oftaxation)

243.债券bond

244(宏观经济学中的)收支相抵点break-evenpoint(inmacroeconomics)

245.布雷顿森林体系Brettonwoodssystem

246.广义货币broadmoney

247.预算budget

248.预算约束budgetconstraint

249.预算赤字budgetdeficit

250.政府预算budget,government

251.预算线budgetline

252.预算盈余budgetsurplus

253.内在稳定器built-instabilizers

254.自动稳定器automaticstabilizers

255.商业周期businesscycles

256.资本设备capitalequipment资本货物c叩italgoods

257.资本消耗补偿capitalconsumptionallowance

258.资本深化capitaldeepening

259.资本利得capitalgains

260.资本市场capitalmarkets

261.资本-产出比率capita-outputratio

262.资本广化capitalwidening

263.中央银行centralbank

264.需求变化与需求量的变化changeindemandvschangeinquantitydemanded

265.供给变化与供给量的变化changeinsupplyvssupplyinquantity

266.支票账户(银行货币)checkingaccount(orbankrroney)

267.芝加哥学派Chicagoschoolofeconomics

268占典理论classicalapproachclassicaltheories(inmacroeconomics)

269.古典经济学classicaleconomics

270.市场出清clearingmarket

271.封闭经济closedeconomy开放经济openeconorry

272.科斯定理Coasetheorem

273.集体谈判collectivebargaining

274.勾结collusion

275.寡头勾结垄断collusiveoligopoly

276.指令经济commandeconomy

277.商品货币commoditymoney

278.普通股票commonstock

279.共产主义communism

280.比较优势(国际贸易中)comparativeadvantage(ininternationaltrade)

281.补偿性工资差异comoensatingdifferentials

282.不完全竞争competitionimperfect

283.完全竞争competitionperfect

284.竞争均衡competitiveequilibrium

285.竞争性市场competitivemarket

286.复利compoundinterest

287.集中度concentrationratio

288.混合联合企业conglomerate

289.混合兼并conglomeratemergers

290.规模报酬不变constantreturnstoscale

291.消费者价格指数consumerpriceindex

292.消费consumption

293.消费函数consumptionfunction

294.消费可能线consumption-possibilityline

295.合作性均衡cooperativeequilibrium

296.公司所得税corporateincometax

297.公司corporation

298.相关correlation

299.最低成本cost,minimum

300.成本推动的通货膨胀cost-pushinflation

301.爬行(滑行)钉住crawling(orsliding)peg

302.信贷credit

303.需求交叉曲线crosselasticityofdemand

304.挤出(效应)假说crowding-outhypothesis

305.通货铸币或纸币currency

306.通货升值(贬值)currencyappreciation(ordepreciation)

307.经常账户currentaccount

308.周期预算cyclicalbudget

309.周期性失业cyclicalunemployment摩擦性失业frictionalunemployment

310.净损失deadweightloss

311.借方debit

312.规模报酬递减decreasingreturnstoscale

313.赤字性支出deficitspending

314.(经济数据)紧缩deflating(ofeconomicdata)

315.通货紧缩deflation

316.需求曲线demandcurveordemandschedule需求表

317.货币需求demandofmoney

318.需求拉动型通货膨胀demand-pullinflation

319.人II学demography

320.资产折旧depreciation(ofanasset)

321.萧条depression

322.派生需求deriveddemand

323.降值devaluation

324.发展中国家(欠发达国家)developingcountry(lessdevelopedcountry)

325.差异产品differentiatedproducts

326.边际效用递减规律diriinishingmarginalutility,lawof

327.收益递减规律diminishingreturns,lawof

328.直接税directtaxes

329.贴现率discountrate

330.(未来收入)折现discounting(offutureincome)

331.歧视discrimination

332.非均衡disequilibrium

333.反通货膨胀disinflation

334.可支配收入disposableincome

335.个人可支配收入disposablepersonalincome

336.负储蓄dissaving

337.分配distribution

338.劳动分工divisionoflabor

339.占优均衡dominantequilibrium占优战略dominantstrategy

340需求向下倾斜规律download-slopingdemand,lawof

341.双头垄断duopoly

342.双头垄断价格战duopolypricewar

343.宽松货币政策easy-moneypolicy

345.经济计量学econometrics

346.经济物品economicgoods

347.经济增长economicgrowth

348.经济管制economicregulation

349.经济租金economicrent

350.经济剩余economicsurplus

351.信息经济学economicsofinformation

352.规模经济economicsofscale

353.广度经济economicsofscope

354.有效税率effectivetaxrate

355.效率efficiency

356.有效工资理论efficiercy-wagetheory

357.有效市场efficientmarket

358.弹性elasticity

359.就业者employed

360.等产量线equal-productcurve(orisoquant)

361.厂商均衡equilibrium(forabusinessfirm)

362.单个消费者均衡equilibrium(fortheindividualconsumer)

363.竞争均衡equilibrium,competitive

364.一般均衡equilibrium,general

365.宏观经济均衡equilibrium,macroeconomic

366.等边际法则equimarginalprincipal

367.(夕卜汇)汇率(foreign)exchangerate

368.汇率制度exchange-ratesystem

369.消费税和销售税excisetaxvssalestax

370.排他原则exclusionprincipal

371.外生变量和引致变同exogenousvsinducedvariables

372.预期expectations

373.支出乘数expendituremultiplier

374.出口exports

375.外部变量externalvariables

376.外部性externalities

377.生产要素factorsofproduction

378.合成谬误fallacyofcomposition

379.联邦储蓄系统federalreservesystem

380.法定货币fiatmoney

381.最终产品finalgoods

382.金融经济学financialeconomics

383.金融中介financialintermediary

384.财政-货币政策组合fiscal-monetarymix

385.财政政策fiscalpolicy

386.固定成本fiscalcost

387.固定汇率fixedexchangerate

388.弹性汇率制flexibleexchangerate

389.浮动汇率制floatingexchangerate

390.流量与存量flowvs.stock

391.外汇市场foreignexchangemarket

392.四企业集中度fourfirmconcentrationrate

393.部分准备金fractional-reservebanking

394.免费品freegoods

395.充分就业fullemployment

396.急剧的通货膨胀gallopinginflation

397.博弈论gametheory

398.GDP紧缩指数GDPdeflator

399.GDP缺11GDPgap

400.GNP国民生产总值grossnationalproduct

401.全本位制goldstandard

402.政府债券governmentdebt

403.政府支出乘数governmentexpendituremultiplier

404.累进所得税graduatedincometax

405.国内生产总值(名义GDP)grossdomesticproduct,nominal(ornominalGDP)

406.实际国内生产总值grossdomesticproduct,real

407.名义国民生产总值8ro$snationalproduct,nominal

408.实际国民生产总值grossnationalproduct♦real

409.增长核算growthaccounting

410.套期保值hedging

411.高能货币high-poweredmoney

412.横向平等与纵向平等horizontalequityvs.Verticalequity

413.横向整合、纵向整合horizontalintegrationverticalintegration

414.横向兼并horizontalmerger

415.人力资本humancapral

41G.恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation

417.不完全竞争者imperfectcompetitor

418.隐性成本要素implicit-costelements

419.进口imports

420.不可分拨性inappropriability

421.不可分拨inappropriable

422.归宿(税赋归宿)incidence(ortaxincidence)

423.收入income

424.收入效应(价格变动的)incomeeffect(ofapricechange)

425.需求收入弹性incomeelasticityofdemand

426.收益表incomestatement

427.负所得税incometax,negative

428.个人所得税incometax,personal

429.货币的收入周转率incomevelocityofincome

430.收入政策incomepolicy

431.独立品independentgoods

432.指数化indexing(ofindexation)

433.无差异曲线图indifferencemap

434.间接税indirecttaxes

435.产业industry

436.惯性通货膨胀率inertialrateofinflation

437.幼稚产业infantindustry

438.低档品inferiorgoods

439.通货膨胀目标inflationtargeting

440.创新innovation

441.保险insurance

442.知识产权intellectualoropertyrights

443.国际货币制度(国际金融体系)internationalmonetarysystem(alsointernationalfinancial

system)

444.干预intervention

445.(货币的)内在价值intrinsicvalue(ofmoney)

446.发明invention

447.公开市场业务open-marketoperations

448.机会成本opportunitycost

449.其他因素不变otherthingsconstant

450.节约体论paradoxofthrift

451.价值悖论paradoxofvalue

452.帕累托效率Paretoefficiency(orParetooptimality)

453.合伙制partnership

454.专利patent

455.支付矩阵payofftable

456.个人收入personalincome

457.个人储蓄personalsaving

458.个人储蓄率personalsavingrate

459.政策无效性定理policyineffectivenesstheorem

460.投资组合理论portfoliotheory

461.实证经济学positiveeconomics

462.后此谬误posthocfallacy

463.潜在GDPpotentialGDP

464.潜在产出potentialoutput

465.贫困poverty

466.生产可能性边界production-possibilityfrontier

467.有价格弹性的需求price-elasticityofdemand

468.价格灵活性priceflexibility

469.无价格弹性需求price-inelasticdemand

470.生产者价格指数producerpriceindex

471.产品差别productdifferentiation

472.生产函数productionfunction

473.生产率productivity

474.生产率增长productivitygrowth

475.净资本生产率productivityofcapital,net

476.生产率减速productivityslowdown

477.利润profit

478.损益表报告书profit-and-lossstatement

479.累进税、比例税、累退税