考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷282

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷282

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

In1956,whenthecoldwarwasatitspeak,Americadeployeda"secretsonicweapon",

asanewspaperheadlineputitatthetime.ThatweaponwasDizzyGillespie,afamed

jazzmusician,whowasgiventhetaskofchangingtheworld'sviewofAmericanculture

throughrhythmandbeat.Crowdspouredintothestreettodance.Culturaldiplomacy

dieddownafterthecoldwarended.ButtheattacksofSeptember11th2001convinced

theStateDepartmenttosendoutAmerica'smusiciansonceagaintowooheartsand

mindswithmelody.RhythmRoad,aprogramrunbytheStateDepartmentandanon­

profitorganization,JazzatLincolnCentre,hasmadeinformaldiplomatsoutofboth

musiciansandaudiences.Sinceitbeganin2005,musicianshavetravelledto96

countries.OnebandwenttoMauritania,acountryinnorthwesternAfrica,afterlastyear's

coup;manydepartforcountriesthathavestrainedrelationshipswithAmerica.The

musicianstraveltoplaceswheresomepeoplehaveneverseenanAmerican.Jazz,so

participantsintheprogram,iswell-suitedtodiplomacy.Itiscollaborative,allowing

individualsbothtoharmonizeandplaysolo-muchlikeademocracy,saysAriRoland,

whoplaysbassforabandthatleftNewYorktotourtheMiddleEastonMarch31st.Jazz

isalsoareminderofmusic'spower.Ithelpedbreakdownracialbarriers,asenthusiastsof

allcolorsgatheredtolistentojazzwhensegregationwasstillthelawoftheland.The

StateDepartmentspent10millionUSdollarsonculturaldiplomacyprogramsintheyear

toSeptember30th2008.Buimostexpectfundingfortheinitiativetoincreaseunder

BarackObama,whopledgedhissupportforculturaldiplomacyduringhiscampaign.

RhythmRoadnowsendsouthiphopandbluegrassbandsaswell.Therearesome

dissenters.NickCull,thedirectorofthePublicDiplomacyProgramattheUniversityof

SouthernCalifornia,thinksthatthesediplomaticprojectswouldbemoreproductiveif

theywerenotadministeredbythesameagencythatoverseesthecountry'sforeign-policy

agenda.AndthereisalsoclamorforMr.Obamatoappointasecretaryofcultureinhis

cabinet.Whatgood,theyask,issendingAmericancultureabroad,whenthecountryis

notgivingitproperattentionathome?

1、WhywasDizzyGillespieregardedasa"secretsonicweapon"in1956?

A、HewasdeployedtohelptheU.S.gainthevictoryofthecoldwar.

B、Hewasassignedtobeatenemiesatthepeakofthecoldwar.

C>Hehad（hepowerluinfluencetheworldduringlliccoldwar.

D、HecouldhelptoreshapeanewimageofAmericanculturetotheworld.

标准答案：D、

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据DizzyGillespie定位到第一-段，该

题难点是段中并没有明显的因果信号词，而是用who引导的定语从句来表达因果

逻辑，强调了由于迪兹・吉莱斯皮通过节奏和拍子来改变世界对美国文化的看法，

所以他就是“秘密声音武器”，故选D项。

2、WhatisthepositionofculturaldiplomacyinAmericanpolitics?

A、Ithasalwaysbeenhighlyvaluedthroughouthistory.

B、Itwasavitalweaponinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.

C、Itwasneglectedfordecadesafteroacebeingsuccessful.

D、ItwaswelcomedbyAmericancitizensduringthewar.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据culturaldiplomacy定位到笫一段，该段提到文化外

交在冷战结束后逐渐冷却，9/1事件的爆发才促使美国重拾对文化外交的重视，故

选C项。

3、Theword"well-suitedH(Linc1,Paragraph3)mostprobablyimplies

A^theparticipantsoftheprogramareallwelldressed.

B、jazzmusiciscollaborativeaswellasindividual.

C、theparticipantsaresuitablefortheprogram.

D、jazzmusicbestrepresentsthedemocraticspirit.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干直接定位到第三段。要结合上下文来理解，该

词所在的句子后面紧接着的句子是起解释说明作用的，即因为爵士乐和民主政治很

相像，从而推断出爵士乐很适合用来开展外交，故选D项。

4、TheRhythmRoadprogram

A、onlyinvolvesprofessionalmusicians.

B、isaculturalandpoliticalprogram.

C、aimsatAmerica'sopponentcountries.

D、sendsoutmainlybandsofJazzmusic.

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据RhythmRoad定位到第二段。该段中提到这项计

划是由国务院和一家非赢利组织林肯中心爵士乐社共同开展的，从而使得音乐家以

及观众共同成为了民间的外交家，故可以合理推得RhythmRoad这一项目既涉及

文化，又涵盖政治，故选B项。

5、Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat

A、theculturaldemocracyprogramsarenotsuccessfulandproductiveatall.

B、BarackObamafailstorealizehispledgesforsupporttoculturaldemocracy.

C^thegovernmentshouldemphasizeAmericancultureonlyathome.

D、authoritiesshouldgivemoreattentiontoAmericanculturedomestically.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。答案在最后一段。该段强调对于文化外交，在美国国内

还是有人持异议的，并要求政府对文化活动在本国的开展要予以重视。故选D

项。

Niceguysknewit,nowtwostudieshaveconfirmedit:badboysgetthemostgirls.The

findingmayhelpexplainwhyanastysuiteofanti-socialpersonalitytraitsknownasthe

"darktriad"persistsinthehumanpopulation,despitetheirpotentiallygravecultural

costs.Thetraitsaretheself-obsessionofnarcissism;theimpulsive,thrill-seekingand

unfeelingbehaviorofpsychopaths;andthedeceitfulandexploitativenatureof

Machiavellianism.Attheirextreme,thesetraitswouldbehighlydetrimentalforlifein

traditionalhumansocieties.Peoplewiththesepersonalitiesriskbeingshunnedbyothers

andshutoutofrelationships,leavingthemwithoutamate,hungryandvulnerableto

predators.Butbeingjustslightlyevilcouldhaveanupside:aprolificsexlife,saysPeter

JonasonatNewMexicoStateUniversityinLasCruces."Wehavesomeevidencethatthe

threetraitsarereallythesamethingandmayrepresentasuccessfulevolutionary

strategy.HJonasonandhiscolleaguessubjected200collegestudentstopersonalitytests

designedtorankthemforeachofthedarktriadtraits.Theyalsoaskedabouttheir

attitudestosexualrelationshipsandabouttheirsexlives,includinghowmanypartners

they'dhadandwhethertheywereseekingbriefaffairs.Thestudyfoundthatthosewho

scoredhigheronthedarktriadpersonalitytraitstendedtohavemorepartnersandmore

desireforshort-termrelationships.Butthecorrelationonlyheldinmales.JamesBond

epitomizesthissetoftrails,Jonasonsays."He'sclearlydisagreeable,veryextroverted

andlikestryingnewthings—killingpeople,newwomen.HJustasBondseduceswoman

afterwoman,peoplewithdarktriadtraitsmaybemoresuccessfulwithaquantitystyleor

shotgunapproachtoreproduction,eveniftheydon'tstickaroundforparenting."The

strategyseemstohaveworked.Westillhavethesetraits,"Jonasonsays.Thisobservation

seemstoholdacrosscultures.DavidSchmittofBradleyUniversityinPeoria,Illinois,

presentedpreliminaryresultsatthesamemeetingfromasurveyofmorethan35,000

peoplein57countries.Hefoundasimilarlinkbetweenthedarktriadandreproductive

successinmen."Itisuniversalacrossculturesforhighdarktriadscorerstobemore

activeinshort-termmating/*Schmittsays."Theyarcmorelikelytotryandpoachother

people'spartnersforabriefaffair."MatthewKelleroftheUniversityofColoradoin

Boulderremarks:"Theystillhavetoexplainwhyithasn'tspreadtoeveryone?There

mustbesomecostofthetraits.'1Onepossibility,bothKellerandJonasonsuggest,isthat

thestrategyismostsuccessfulwhendarktriadpersonalitiesarcrare.Otherwise,others

wouldbecomemorewaryandguarded.

6、Unlikeothers,peoplewithslightdarktriadpersonalitiesaremorelikelyto

A、runtheriskofbeingavoidedbyothers.

B、beleftaloneandattackedbypredators.

C^enjoyaproductiveandsuccessfulsexlife.

D、ruinthegoodrelationship.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨大意题。考查文章标题，从全文可以看出，文章主要讨论“暗黑

三合一”的三种反社会人格对两性关系的影响，开篇即说明“男人不坏，女人不

爱“，最后一段又点出“在其存在比例极低的前提下，此特质才最成功”，故B项“择

偶策略：坏就是好”最贴切。

7、OnwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldJonasonandhiscolleaguesmost

probablyagree?

A、Bothmenandwomenscoringhigherhadmorepartnersinlife.

B、Thereisatiebetweenthedarktriadandsexsuccessamongallthepeople.

C、Beingamonstercouldbringpeopleaprolificsexlife.

D、Aclosetiebetweenthedarktriadandsexsuccesscouldbefoundinmales.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据slighldark定位到第三段，该段第一句明确说明有

一点坏的特质也许是优势：比如有丰富多彩的性生活，故C项正确。

8、Theword"epitomize'(Line1,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

A、enjoy.

appreciate.

C^typify.

D、despise.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据Jonasonandhiscolleagues定位在第三段，最后一

句表明研究发现“暗黑三合一”特质测试中得分越高的人，倾向于拥有越多的性伙

伴。但这种相关性只存在于男性身上，故D项与之相符。

9、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

A、thedarktriadpersonalitytraitshavespreadtobothmenandwomen.

B、peopleareextremelycautiousaboutpeoplewithdarktriadpersonalities.

C、thedarktriadpersonalitytraitsmaycostpeoplemuchsometimes.

D、thestrategyismostsuccessfulwithoutdarktriadpersonalities.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干定位到第四段，本段主要列举詹姆斯・邦德的

例子，原因是邦德身上集合了这组人格特质，故C项”成为……的典型”正确。

10、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A、DarkTriadPersonalityTraits

B、BadIsGoodasaMatingStrategy

C^DarkSideofHumanBeings

D、BeingEvilandLucky

标准答案：C

知识点》析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第五段。其中讲到“拥有这些特质肯定

要付出代价的“，故C项与之相符。

Humanity'sgreatestaccomplishmentofthepastfivedecades,declaredBillGatesthis

week,isthereductioninthenumberofdeathsamongyoungchildrenbyhalf,to10

millionayearin2007.Theworld'smostsuccessfulcapitalistheapedpraiseontheWorld

HealthOrganization(WHO),whileunveilinganambitiousnewglobalschemeto

eliminatepoliowithinafewyears.Forhispart,theagency'stoppolioman,Bruce

Aylward,describedthefightagainstthediseaseinthelanguageofmarkets:"Elimination

istheventurecapitalofpublichealth:therisksarehugebutsotooaretherewards."The

useofthissortoflanguagecapturesachangeinpublichealthinthepastdecade.The

GatesFoundation,withitspotsofmoneyandbusinesslikeapproach,hastransformedthe

bureaucraticanddisheartenedworldofpublichealth.Ithashelpedreviveailing

campaigns,includingthefightagainstpolio.Thiswillnowgetafresh$600m-pIus,from

BritishandGermantaxpayers,fromtheRotaryClubInternational,aswellasfromthe

GatesFoundation($255m).Thedeclinefrom350,000newcasesin1988(whenthegoalof

rapidpolioeradicationwasfirstdeclared)to2,000casesnow(chieflyinNigeria,India,

PakistanandAfghanistan)lookslikeanearvictory.Butthefinalstretchisthehardest.

Onlyonein200casesisreadilyvulnerabletoearlydetection(asopposedtomostvictims

ofsmallpox—aseriousinfectiousdiseasethatcausesspotswhichleavedeepmarkson

theskin,alreadyeliminated).Polioisalsofarmoreinfectious.Otherobstaclesarcthat

theusualvaccinehasnotworkedwellindenselypopulated,disease-riddencentralIndia.

Researchersarenowtryingtofindavaccinethatfitsthoseconditionsbetter.Neal

Halsey,ofJohnsHopkinsUniversity,saysthe"live"vaccinesusedcommonlytodaymust

bebackedupwithfurtherdosesof'inactivated"vaccines.Theseneedtobecomecheaper.

ThefightinginAfghanistanandPakistanhashamperedvaccinationprogramsthere.So

haverumorsamongMuslimsinnorthernNigeriathatthevaccinationprogramwasinfact

aconspiracytosterilizechildren.Thatallowedthepoliovirustostrengthenandspread.

TheNigerianstrainmayhavenowreachedadozenothercountries.Thefinalpush

towardseliminationwillcertainlybecostly,thoughseveralrecentstudiessuggestthatit

ischeapertospendmoneyonabigeliminationeffortnowthantopaythepricelaterfbr

sustainedvigilanceandhealthcosts.Theprospectofaglobalrevivalisconcentrating

minds.Thatiswhy,despitethedauntingchallengesandpotentialdonorfatigue,the

worldmayendupmakingagoofeliminationthistime.

11、AccordingtoParagraph2,achangeintheworldofpublichealthreferstothefact

thatpublichealth

A^ismorebusinesslikethanwhatitusedtobe.

B、hasreceivedpotsofmoneyfromtheGatesFoundation.

C、isnolongerbureaucraticanddemoralized.

D^restartsthecampaignswhichhadslimchanceofsuccess.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段。可以发现change与原文”改变

了(tnrnsfo门n)公众健康令页域的官僚作风和死气沉沉的局面”对应，C项符合此意。

12、Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthateradicationofpolioisthehardestin

that

A、therearestillasmanyas2,000newcasesatpresent.

B、itisveryinfectiousandnoteasytobedetectedearlier.

C、therewereasmanyas350,000newcasesin1988.

D、itisimpossibletobedetectedatanearlystage.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据题干和hardest定位到第三段。其

中说到“最后阶段最艰难，每200例中只有一例可以在早期查出。小儿麻痹症传染

性也强得多。”，B项与之完全相符。

13、MuslimsinnorthernNigeriaiscitedasanexampletoshowthat

A、eradicationofpoliohasbeenhamperedbytheconspiracyofMuslims.

B、eradicationofpoliometmanyobstaclesthere.

C、vaccinationprogramwasharmfultothechildrenthere.

D、vaccinationprogramstrengthenedandspreadvirus.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据MuslimsinnorthernNigeria定位到

第五段。可以发现文中第四、五段讲述的都是疫苗接种(vaccine)在各国遇到的阻碍

(obstacles),因此B项符合文意。

14、Bysaying"theworldmayendupmakingagoofeliminationthistime"(Lines4-5,

Paragraph6),theauthorimpliesthattheworldmay

A、managetoeradicatepolio.

R、failtoachievetheeradicationofpolio.

C>giveupthegoaloferadicationofpolio.

D、begintoeliminatepolio.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干在第六段找到该句，可以发现该句原意为“全

世界仍可能最终成功根除小儿麻痹症A项中managelo与原句makeagoof意义

相同，即“成功地做某事”。

15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A、TheSuccessofEradicationofPolio

TheAmbitionofGatesFoundation

C、TheGreatestAccomplishmentinPublicHealth

D、EradicationofPoliosoNear,yetSoFar

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了世界在致力于根除小儿麻痹症的过程中

取得的成绩(ThedeclineIYom350,000newcasesin1988to2,000casesnow)和遇至U的

阻碍(Butthefinalstretchisthehardest.),D项sonear与sofar与之相符。

Technologyissupposedtomakeourliveseasier,allowingustodothingsmorequickly

andefficiently.Buttoooftenitseemstomakethingsharder.Thisspiralofcomplexity,

oftencalled“featurecreep,"costsconsumerstime,butitalsocostsbusinessesmoney.

ProductreturnsintheU.S.costahundredbilliondollarsayear,andarecentstudyby

ElkedenOudcn,ofPhilipsElectronics,foundthatatleasthalfofreturnedproductshave

nothingwrongwiththem.Consumersjustcouldn'tfigureouthowtousethem.

Companiesnowknowagreatdealaboutproblemsofusabilityandconsumerbehavior,so

whyisitthatfeaturecreepprovesunstoppable?Inpart,featurecreepistheproductofthe

so-calledintcrnal-audicnccproblem:thepeoplewhodesignandsellproductsarenotthe

oneswhobuyandusethem,andwhatengineersandmarketersthinkisimportantisnot

necessarilywhat'sbestforconsumers.Theengineerstendnottonoticewhenmore

optionsmakeaproductlessusable.Andmarketingandsalesdepartmentsseeeach

additionalfeatureasanewsellingpoint,andanewwaytolurecustomers.Youmight

think,then,thatcompaniescouldavoidfeaturecreepbyjustpayingattentiontowhai

customersreallywant.Butthat'swherethetroublebegins,becausealthoughconsumers

findoverloadedgadgetsunmanageable,theyalsofindthemattractive.Itturnsoutthat

whenwclookatanewproductinastoicwctendtothinkthatthemorefeaturesthere

are,thebetter.It'sonlyoncewegettheproducthomeandtrytouseitthatwerealizethe

virtuesofsimplicity.Itseemsoddthatwedon'tanticipatefeaturefatigueandthusavoid

it.But,asnumerousstudieshaveshown,peoplearenot,ingeneral,goodatpredicting

whatwillmakethemhappyinthefuture.Asaresult,wewillpaymoreformorefeatures

becausewesystematicallyoverestimatehowoftenwe'llusethem.Wealsooverestimate

ourabilitytofigureouthowacomplicatedproductworks.Thefactthatbuyerswantbells

andwhistlesbutuserswantsomethingclearandsimplecreatesapeculiarproblemfor

companies.Aproductthatdoesn'thaveenoughfeaturesmayfailtocatchoureyeinthe

store.Butaproductwithloomanyfeaturesislikelytoannoyconsumersandgenerate

badwordofmouth,asBMW'soriginaliDrivesystemdid.

16、Inihcfirstpaiagiaph,Ilicauthormainlydiscusses

A、thebenefitsbroughtbytheadvancedtechnology.

B、therecentstudyconductedbyElkedenOuden.

CNthelossincurredbythefeaturecreepoftechnology.

D、manyproblemsofusabilityknownbytheconsumers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题，考查段落大意。根据题干定位到第一段。其中讲到随着

科技的进步，产品的功