考研英语模拟试卷250

考研英语模拟试卷250

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Inanidealworld,thenation'seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.But

that'snothowit(1).Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatment,as

(2)athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven(3).

Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof(4)white

universities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.(5)a

recentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation's146most(6)

schools,74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilies,while

onlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof(7)$35,000or

less.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racial,economicandgeographic—is(8)to

maintainingintellectually(9)campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCentury

Foundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges(10)theywantpoorkids,"theydon'ttry

veryhardtofindthem',.(11)ruralstudents,manycollegesdon'ttryatall.

"Unfortunately,wegowherewecan(12)asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants",

saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhiteside,who(13)aggressivelyandin

person—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy(14)inthemail.

Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe(15)fbrtopcolleges,theirhighschools

oftendon'tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers(16)guidance

counselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In(17)highschools,guidance

counselorsoftenhavepersonal(18)withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inrural

areas,ateacher,acounseloror(19)analumnus'canhelpputaruralstudentonour

radarscreen",saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschools

rarelyhavecollege(20)withthoseconnections;withoutthem,admission"canbea

crapshoot",saysCarnegieMellon'sSteidel.

1、Inanidealworld,thenation'seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.

Butthat'snothowit(1).Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatment,

as(2)athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven(3).

Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof(4)white

universities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.(5)a

recentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation's146most(6)

schools,74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilies,while

onlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof(7)$35,000or

less.Manyschoolssaydiversity-racial,economicandgeographic一is(8)to

maiiitainingintellectually(9)campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCentury

Foundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges(10)theywantpoorkids,"theydon'ttry

veryhardtofindthem".(11)ruralstudents,manycollegesdon'ttryatall.

"Unfortunately,wegowherewecan(12)asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants",

saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhiteside,who(13)aggressivelyandin

person—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy(14)inthemail.

Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe(15)fortopcolleges,theirhighschools

oftendon'tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers(16)guidance

counselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In(17)highschools,guidance

counselorsoftenhavepersonal(18)withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inrural

areas,ateacher,acounseloror(19)analumnus'canhelpputaruralstudentonour

radarscreen",saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschools

rarelyhavecollege(20)withthoseconnections;withoutthem,admission"canbea

crapshoot",saysCarnegieMellon'sSteideL

A、promises

B、tries

C、works

D、manages

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题主要考查上下句的连贯理解能力。文章开头部分说，”在理想状

况下，美国的精英学校应该招收最优质的学生，但实际情况并不是这样运作的”。

显然，答案为works”运作"。选项promise不能与空格前面的how搭配，得改为

what才行。

2、

A、do

B、are

C>will

D、be

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题难度较大，考查语法知识，空格部分是省略结构，用哪个助动词

关键看逗号前的对应动词，由于对应动词是“get”，用了一般现在时态，所以代替

它的应该是doo选择其它选项可能是对本句的句法理解出现偏差所致。

3..

A、preference

B、prejudice

C、preposition

D、preclusion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查的重点是上下文的连贯理解能力。由于句中出现了also一

词，说明本句与上句并列，上文对应部分说，”家长是校友的孩子以及运动员和富

裕家庭的孩子，都得到了特殊关照”，这意味着本句一定是说：”（向来）被关心不够

的少数民族家庭的孩子也得到了特殊关照“，与“特殊关照”近似的表达式是

preference"偏爱,优待选项prejudice"偏见",preposition"介词",preclusion”妨

碍，阻止”，均不符句意，排除。

4、

A、strictly

B>mostly

C^generally

D^honestly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查词汇知识，根据句意（三十年的积极行动已经改变了几乎全

是白人的学校的特点），答案为mostly”几乎全部；一般来说二

5、

A、And

B、But

C、So

D^Then

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题主要考查上下文的连贯理解能力。上文主要说了学校的种种积极

表现，而空格下文却说到了不好的一面（…而只有5%的学生来自于那些年收入约为

或低于35,000美元的家庭），语义为转折关系，故答案为But。

6、

A、excellent

B、wealthy

C、popular

D、competitive

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题主要考查考生的词汇辨析能力和上下文的理解能力。根据上文可

知，本文主要说明“精英学校“在招生方面的问题，所以空格要填入跟“精英学校“意

思贴近的词汇，competitive”竞争激烈的”应为答案。选项exceHcm”优秀的“不如答

案贴近文意，毕竟文章是说竞争入学问题；wealthy”富裕的"，popular”受人欢迎的”

同样与卜文语义不贴近.

7、

A、mainly

roughly

C、totally

D、exactly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查词汇知识。根据空格前后的意思，答案为roughly”大约T

选错可能是对该词的意思不太了解。

8、

A、access

B、basis

C^key

D、solution

标准答案：C

知识点解析：虽然几个选项都能与介词2搭配，但根据句意”许多学校说，多样化

-种族、经济、地域诸方面一是保持校园思维活跃的关键所在"，答案显然为key”

关键”。access”接近，进入”,basis”基础"，solution”解决方法”。

9、

A、vital

smart

C、interactive

D、functional

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格应该是”充满生机的，活跃的”，显然答案为vital,尽管它还有”

重要的”的意思。smarl”聪明的”,interactive”互动的“，functional”功能的,实用的

”，均不符句意。

10、

A、claim

B、affirm

C、insist

D、declare

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查考生的词汇知识及上下文的理解能力。根据句意，答案应为

claim”宣称，声称"，该词往往意味着实际情况不是这样，这正好与下文语义吻

合。选项affirm”断言"，insist”坚持”,declare”宣布「均与下文实际语义不吻合。

11>

A、Exceptfor

B、Asfor

C、Butfor

D、Justfor

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据句意，”至于乡村学生，他们则根本不去尝试”，答案应为Asfor

至于，关于“。Exceptfor”除了“，Butfor”要不是”。

12、

A、require

B、ensure

C^locate

D、generate

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题难度很大，考查考生的词汇能力和上下文的理解能力。根据句

意，“不幸的是，我们总是去那些能够找到大量潜在生源的地方'，Tulane大学的

招生办主任RichardWhiteside说,他就曾大力并亲自去大都市招生”,generate"产

生，造出”为正确答案，这里是该词的引申使用。ensure”保证，担保”,locate”确

定…位置”均不符语义，排除，

13、

A、admits

accepts

C、recalls

D、recruits

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查词汇知识。根据句意（他就曾大力并亲自去大都市招生）可知

答案为recruits”招募”，不及物动词。admit”承认，招生”是及物动词，必须后接宾

语，而原文空格后无宾语，故排除。

14、

A、bronze

B、broom

C、browser

D、brochure

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据句意，”乡村地区的孩子只有一份邮寄过来的精美手册”，可知答

案为brochure”手册，小册子二选项bronze”青铜，铜牌”,broom"扫帚"，browser'1

浏览器”均不符句意。

15>

A、guts

B、grounds

C、grades

D、guarantees

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查词汇知识和对文章的理解能力。文章说”即便贫困的乡村地

区的孩子分数够到了顶尖学校的要求，他所在的中学也不知怎样让他入学”，可知

grade”成绩，分数"为正确答案。gut"勇气",ground"依据",guarantees"保证

16、

A、callon

B、relyon

C、tryon

D、holdon

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查动词短语知识。根据句意”（大学）录取官员们依靠指导咨询

人员帮他们找到有希望的候选人”，可知答案为relyon”依靠二callon”号召”，try

on"尝试"，holdon”坚持”。

17、

A、affluent

B、affiliated

C、alternative

D^advanced

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查词汇知识及上下文的连贯理解能力。由于本部分是将富裕地

区、乡村地区及贫困乡村地区的中学进行比较，所以选项中的最佳选择是affluent”

富裕的”，符合上下文语义的要求。affiliated”附属的“，alternative”替换的”，

advanced”先进的”。

18、

A^innovations

B、judgments

C、relationships

D、suggestions

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题涉及上下文的理解。木段主要说明中学生进名牌大学需要一个中

介环节：咨询专家，他能帮助大学找到优等生，帮助中学生进入合适的名牌大学。

本句说，”富裕地区的中学，指导咨询人员与学生和（大学）录取官员们都有关系”，

所以符合句意的为relationship"关系，

19>

A、else

so

C、even

D、if

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题较易。根据句意，答案显然为even“甚至“，语义递进。

20、

A、acquaintances

B、executives

C、tutors

D、advisers

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题难度夕艮大，考查词汇知识和上下文的连贯理解能力。根据句意”

但贫穷的乡村学校很少与这类咨询专家有联系，没有他们，录取就似掷双骰子游戏

一样了(赌运气)'，卡耐基.梅隆的斯太德尔说”，选项advise咨询人员，顾问”符合

句意,为正确答案。acquaintances"熟人"，executives"行政人员"，tutor导师"都不够

准确。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。)

Itmighttakeonlythetouchofpeachfuzztomakeanautisticchildhowlinpain.The

odourofthefruitcouldbesooverpoweringthathegags.Forreasonsthatarenotwell

understood,peoplewithautismdonotintegratealloftheirsensesinwaysthathelpthem

understandproperlywhattheyarcexperiencing.Bytheageofthree,thesignsof

autism—infrequenteyecontact,over-sensitivityorunder-sensitivitytotheenvironment,

difficultymixingwithothersareinfullforce.Thereisnocure;intensebehavioural

therapiesserveonlytolessenthesymptoms.Theoriginsofautismareobscure.Buta

paperinBrain,aspecialistjournal,castssomelight.AteamheadedbyMarcelJust,of

CarnegieMellonUniversity,andNancyMinshew,oftheUniversityofPittsburgh,has

foundevidenceofhowthebrainsofpeoplewithautismfunctiondifferentlyfromthose

withoutthedisorder.Usingabrain-scanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-

resonanceimaging(FMRI),Dr.Just,Dr.Minshewandtheirteamcomparedthebrain

activityofyoungadultswhohad"highfunctioning"autism(inwhichanautistsIQscore

isnormal)withthatofnon-autisticparticipants.Theexperimentwasdesignedloexamine

tworegionsofthebrainknowntobeassociatedwithlanguage—Broca'sareaand

Wernicke'sarea-whentheparticipantswerereading.Threedifferencesemerged.First,

Wernicke'sarea,thepartresponsibleforunderstandingindividualwords,wasmore

activeinautiststhannon-autists.Second,Broca'sarea—wherethecomponentsof

languageareintegratedtoproducemeaning—waslessactive.Third,theactivityofthe

twoareaswaslesssynchronised.ThisresearchhasledDr.Justtoofferanexplanationfor

autism,liecallsit"underconneclivitytheory1'.Itdependsonarecentbodyofworkwhich

suggeststhatthebrain'swhitematter(thewiringthatconnectsthemainBodiesofthe

nerveceils,orgreymatter,together)islessdenseandlessabundantinthebrainofan

autisticpersonthaninthatofanon-autist.Dr.Justsuggeststhatabnormalwhitematter

causesthegreymattertoadapttotheresultinglackofcommunication.Thishonessome

regionstolevelsofsuperiorability,whileothersfallbythewayside.Theteamchoseto

examineBroca'sandWemieke'sareasbecauselanguage-basedexperimentsareeasyto

conduct.Butiftheunderconnectivitytheoryappliestotherestofthebrain,too,itwould

belessofamysterywhysomepeoplewithautismarehypersensitivetotheir

environments,andothersareabletodocertaintasks,suchasarithmetic,sowell.Andifit

istruethatunderconnectivityisindeedthemainproblem,thentreatmentsmightbe

developedtostimulatethegrowthofthewhite-matterwiring.

21、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A^Thesmellofapeachcanmakeanautisticpersonfeelpainful.

B、Autisticpersonshavedifficultyunderstandingtheirenvironment.

C、Thesignsofautismbegintoappearaftertheageofthree.

D^Behaviouraltherapiescanbeusedtocurepeopleofautism.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为细节提问。答案选项为第一段第三句的反话正说，是答案。其

他选项中smell不对，begin不符原文。

22、ThepaperbyDr.JustandDr.Minshewismeanttoexamine.

A、thefunctionsofdifferentregionsofthebrain

B、thedifferencesofautismfromotherdisorders

C、thebrainsfbrtheoriginsofautism

D、therolesofBroca'sareaandWernicke'sarea

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题涉及细节提问，问该论文的写作意图，答案选项更彻底地说明了

意图，而且，干扰项中的“roles(作用)”也非论文的真正研究意图。

23、The"underconneetivitytheory"attributesautismto.

A^disproportionofgreymatter

B、imbalanceofbrainfunctions

C、deficiencyinwhitematter

D、insufficiencyofcommunication

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题仍为细节题。根据第五段信息可知答案。

24、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsDr.JustandDr.Minshew'sworkcanbedescribedas

A^enthusiasticsupport

B、absoluteneutrality

C、slightsuspicion

D^moderateapproval

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题询问作者对两位博士研究工作的态度。依据全文，尤其段二的第

二句"castsomelight（具有一定的启发性）「可知作者是初步认可的态度，故答案为"

大概认同”。

25、Whatwillthesucceedingparagraph,shouldtherebeone,mostprobablydiscuss?

ANEffortstoexamineotherbrainareasofautisticpersons.

B、Waystostimulatethegrowthofwhitematterwiring.

C、Otherproblemsautisticpersonsmaysufferfrom.

D、Mysterieswhywhitematterissoimportant.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道逻辑理解题。既然末端首句指出两位学者研究的局限性，后

两句"ButifAndif...",又说如果"underconnectivitytheory"在大脑其它部分也正确

的话，自闭症(autism)之谜才能揭开。可以推论，X段中，作者会探讨自闭症病人

大脑的其它部分的情况。

SaudiArabia,theoilindustry'sswingproducer,hasbecomeitsflip-flopper.InFebruary,

itpersuadedOPECtocutitstotalproductionquotasbyImbarrelsperday(bpd),to

23.5m,asaprecautionagainstanoil-pricecrashthisspring.Thatfearhassincebeen

replacedbyitsopposite.ThepriceofWestTexascrudehit$40lastweek,itshighest

sincetheeveofthefirstIraqwar,promptingconcernsthathigheroilpricescouldsapthe

vigourofAmerica'srecoveryandcompoundthefrailtyofEurope's.OnMondayMay

10th,Alial-Naimi,SaudiArabia'senergyminister,calledonOPECtoraisequotas,byat

least1.5mbpd,atitsnextmeetingonJune3rd.Thusfar,thehighoilpricehasbeen

largelyaconsequenceofgoodthings,suchasastrengtheningworldeconomy,ratherthan

acauseofbadthings,suchasfasterinflationorslowergrowth.China'sburgeoning

economyguzzledabout6mbpdinthefirstquarterofthisyear,15%morethanayear

ago,accordingtoGoldmanSachs.DemandwasalsostrongintherestofAsia,excluding

Japan,growingby5.2%to8.1mbpd.Astheyearprogresses,theseasonalrhythmsof

America'sdriverswilldictateprices,atleastofthelighter,sweetercrudes.Americans

taketotheroadsenmasseinthesummer,andspeculatorsaredrivinguptheoilpricenow

inanticipationofpeakdemandinafewmonths*time.Untilrecently,theriseinthedollar

priceofoilwasoffsetoutsideAmericaandChinabythefallinthedollaritself.But(he

currencyhasregainedsomegroundinrecentweeks,andtheoilpricehascontinuedto

rise.Evenso,talkofanotheroilpriceshockispremature.Thepriceofoil,adjustedfor

inflation,isonlyhalfwhatitwasinDecember1979,andtheUnitedStatesnowuseshalf

asmuchenergyperdollarofoutputasitdidintheearly1970s.Butifoilcannotshock

theworldeconomyquiteasitusedto,itcanstillgiveit"agoodkick",warnsGoldman

Sachs.Ifaverageoilpricesfortheyearcomein10%higherthanitforecast,itreckons

GDPgrowthintheGroupofSeven(G7)richnationswillbereducedby0.3%,or$70

billion.TheAmericansarecertainlytakingtheissueseriously.JohnSnow,theirtreasury

secretary,calledOPEC'sFebruarydecision"regrettable",andtheriseinpricessincethen

"nothelpful”.Washingtonpayscloseheedtothemanatthepetrolpump,whohasseen

theaveragepriceofagallonofunleadedpetrolriseby39centsinthepastyear.Andthe

Saudis,somemutter,paycloseheedtoWashington.Besides,thehighoilpricemayhave

filledSaudicoffers,butithasalsoaffrontedSaudipride.Mr.al-Naimithinksthehigh

priceisduetofearsthatsupplymightbedisruptedinthefuture.Thesefears,hesays,arc

"unwarranted".ButthehulkingmachineryintheArabiandesertthatkeepsoilflowing

roundtheworldpresentsaninvitingtargettoterroristsshouldtheytireofbombing

embassiesandnightclubs.OnMay1st,gunmenkilledsixpeopleinaSaudiofficeof

ABBLummusGlobal,anAmericanoilcontractor.Suchincidentsaddtotherisk

premiumfactoredintotheoilprice,apremiumthattheSaudistakeasavoteofno

confidenceintheirkingdomanditsabilitytoguaranteethesupplyofoilinthefaceof

terroristthreats.

26、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"...hasbecomeitsflip-flopper"(Para.1)?

A、SaudiArabiareverseditsearlierdecision.

R、SaudiArabiaobjectedtotheriseofoilprice.

C、SaudiArabiawasconcernedabouttheworldeconomy.

D、SaudiArabiawishedtoreducetheoilproduction.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道句意题，问本段第一句（主题句）的意思。要了解主题句的意

思就得通读全段，确保理解准确全面。依据第一段，五月份和二月份相比，沙特政

府对汕价的态度发生了倒转，由此推断”沙特将早期的决定颠了个个儿”为答案。

27、Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat.

A、highoilpricesometimesresultsfrominflationorslowgrowth

B、China'sgrowthhascontributedtotheriseofoilprice

C、Japan'sdemandofoildeclinedinthepastmonths

D、economyhasmuchtodowiththeswingofoilprice

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一道暗示题。依据第二段开头句可以知道答案。选项"China's

growthhascontributedtotheriseofoilprice"文章明确说过,不能作为暗示题的答

案。

28、By"agoodkick",GoldmanSachssuggeststhat.

A、U.S.currencyisexeriingapositiveinfluenceoveroilprice

B、anotheroil-priceshockisinevitablegivenitscontinuingrise

C、theriseofoilpricecouldaffectworldeconomynegatively

D、GoldmanSachsremainedoptimisticaboutthesituation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道词义题。依据段三的五、六句"But...”可以推断答案选项正

确。

29、JohnSnow'sremarksarcmentionedinthetexttoshow.

A、hisreluctancetogetinvolved

B、Americans'concernabouttheissue

C>Washington'shatredofthemanatthepump

D、hisattitudetowardstheSaudidecision

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道细节意图题。依据第四段可知，引用Snow的话语是为了说

明主题句”美国人对该问题很关心，

30Themainconcernofthelastparagraphis.

A、thehurtofSaudipride

B、thepossibledisruptionofoilsupply

C^thenexttargetofterrorists

D、theattackonanAmericanoilcontractor

标准答案：B

知识点解析♦：本题涉及最后一段的主旨。仔细理解该段，第四句But将段落语义一

分为二，后面的内容显然是在反驳前两句沙特人所谓"石油供应不会中断”的说法，

因此，本段主旨应为“石油供应有可能会中断、

The"MyDoom"viruscouldpresageagenerationofcomputerattacksbyorganisedgangs

aimingtoextractransomsfromonlinebusinesses,expertssaidyesterday.Thewarning

cameasthewebsiterunbySCO,acompanythatsellsUnixcomputersoftware,ineffect

disappearedfromthewebunderablizzardofautomatedattacksfromPCsinfectedbythe

virus,whichfirstappearedaweekago.The"MyDoom-A"versionofthevirusis

reckonedtobetheworsttohavehittheinternet,intermsofthespeedofitsspread,with

millionsofPCsworldwidebelievedtobeinfected.Such"zombie"machinesbeginto

sendouthundredsofcopiesoftheviruseveryhourtoalmostanye-mailaddressintheir

files.OnSundaytheybegansendingautomatedqueriestoSCO'swebsite,anattackthat

willcontinueuntil12February.Theattackisthewebequivalentofringingthe

company'sdoorbellandrunningawayamilliontimesasecond,leavingitscomputers

unabletodealwithstandardrequeststoviewitspages."Youhavetowonderaboutthe

timelimit",saidGrahamCluley,seniortechnologyconsultantattheantiviruscompany

Sophos."SomeonecouldgotoSCOafterthe12thandsay,*Ifyoudon'twantthisto

happenagain,hereareourdemands'".RaimundGenes,Europeanpresidentofthe

securitysoftwarefirmTrendMicro,said:"Suchaprogrammecouldtakeoutanymajor

websiteontheinternet.It'snotterrorism,butitissomebodywhoisobviouslyupsetwith

SCO"SCOhasearnedtheenmityofcomputerusersthroughalawsuitithasfiledagainst

IBM.SCOclaimsownershipofcomputercodeitsaysIBMputintothefreeoperating

systemLinux,andisdemandinglicencefeesanddamagesof$lbn.Mr.Cluleysaid:"It

mightbethatwhoeverisbehindthiswillsaytoSCO,'ifyoudon'twantthenextoneto

targetyou,dropthelawsuit'*'.SCOhasoffered$250,000(£140,000)forinformation

leadingtothearrestofthepersonorpeoplewhowroteanddistributedMyDoom.Nell

Barrett,ofthesecuritycompanyInformationRiskManagement,said,nIwouldgivealot

ofcredencetotheideaofgangsusingvirusestoextortmoney.ICshardforlaw

enforcementtotrackthemdown,becausethey'reusingmachinesownedbyinnocent

people'1.AsecondvariantofMyDoomwillstartattackingpartofMicrosoft'swebsite

latertoday.TheantiviruscompanyMessageLabssaidithadblockedmorethan16

millioncopiesofthevirusintransitoverthenetsofar.Butmillionsmorewillhave

reachedtheirtargets.

31、Theonsetofanewgenerationofcomputerattackswasmarkedby.

A、anorganizationofgangs

B、theinfectionofPCs

C^thesaleofasoftware

D、awebsite'svanishing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一道细节题。依据第二段"Thewarningcameasihe

website...disappearedfromtheweb..."可知，这次攻击的标志是某个网站的突然消

失。

32、Whatdoestheword"they"(Para.4)refertoy.

A、organizedgangs.

B、PCsinfected.

C^copiesofthevirus.

D、theirfiles.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道词义题。依据第四段的内容可知，“they”指代的是“PCs

infected'*<>

33、ItcanBeinfenedfromthetextthatthepurposeoftheattackcouldbe.

A、torenderthedoorbellofthecompanyuseless

B、topreventthosenonstandardrequeststovisit

C、tomakesomedemandsofthecompany

D、tocancelsomewebsiteshatedbyterrorists

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道推论题，问这次攻击的目的可能是什么。依据第五段的第二

句可以推断，这帮家伙的意图可能是敲诈(makesomedemands)o其它几项意思与原

文有差距。

34、NeilBarrett'sremarksarequotedtoshow.

A、experts'differentunderstandingsofintentionoftheattack

B、thedifficultytofindoutthegangsbehindthisact

C、people'sdoubtaboutwinningthelawsuitagainstsea

D、theproblemwiththesecurityofinformationmanagement

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题涉及引用Neil的言论的意图。文章第七和第八段分别介绍了

Quley和Neil对网络攻击的背后意图的不同看法。由此可见，引用Neil的话是为

了显示专家对袭击意图的不同理解。

35Thistextismostprobablytakenfrom.

A、anewspapermagazine

B、atechnician'sreport

C^acollegetextbook

D、asciencethesis

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题问文章的出处。文章第一段就暴露出新闻报道的时效性特征，说

事情发生在yesterday。文章摘自新闻报刊，答案为anewspapermagazine。

InapaperjustpublishedinScience,PeterGordonofColumbiaUniversityuseshisstudy

ofthePirahaandtheircountingsystemtotrytoansweratrickylinguisticquestion.The

Piraha,agroupofhunter-gathererswholivealongthebanksoftheMaieiRiverinBrazil,

useasystemofcountingcalled"one-two-many".Inthis,thewordfor"one"translatesto

"roughlyone"(similarto"oneortwo"inEnglish),thewordfor"two"means"aslightly

largeramountthanone"(similarto"afew"inEnglish),andthewordfor"many"means

"amuchlargeramount".ThisquestionwasposedbyBenjaminLeeWhorlinthe1930s.

WhorlstudiedHopi,anAmerindianlanguageverydifferentfromtheEurasianlanguages

thathadhithertobeenthesubjectofacademiclinguistics.Hisworkledhimtosuggest

thatlanguagenotonlyinfluencesthoughtbut,morestrongly,thatitdeterminesthought.

Whilethereisnodisputethatlanguageinfluenceswhatpeoplethinkabout,evidence

suggestingitdeterminesthoughtisinconclusive.Forexample,in1972,EleanorRosch

andKailHeiderinvestigatedthecolour-namingabilitiesoftheDanipeopleofIndonesia.

TheDanihavewordsfbronlytwocolours.-blackandwhite.ButDr.RoschandDr.

Heiderfoundthat,evenso,Danicoulddistinguishandcomprehendothercolours.That

doesnotsupportthedeterministicversionoftheWhorlhypothesis.Whilerecognising

thattherearesuchthingsascoloursforwhichyouhavenonameiscertainlyacognitive

leap,itmaynotbeagoodtestofWhorfsideas.Colours,afterall,areoutthere

everywhere.Numbers,bycontrast,areabstract,somaybeabettertest.Dr.Gordon

thereforespentamonthwiththePirahaandelicitedthehelpofsevenofthemtoseehow

fartheirgraspofnumbersextended.Thetestsbegansimply,witharowof,say,seven

evenlyspacedbatteries.Gradually,theygotmorecomplicated.Themorecomplicated

testsincludedtaskssuchasmatchingnumbersofunevenlyspacedobjects,replicatingthe

numberofobjectsfrommemory,andcopyinganumberofstraightlinesfromadrawing.

Intheteststhatinvolvedmatchingthenumberandlayoutofobjectstheycouldsee,

participantswereprettygoodwhenfacedwithtwoorthreeitems,butfounditharderto

copeasthenumberofitemsrose.Thingswereworsewhentheparticipantshadto

rememberthenumberofobjectsinalayoutandreplicateit"blind",ratherthanmatching

alayouttheycouldsee.Inthiscasethesuccessratedroppedtozerowhenthenumberof

itemsbecame,intermsoftheirlanguage,"many".Andlinedrawingproducedtheworst

resultsofall—thoughthatcouldhavehadasmuchtodowiththefactthatdrawingisnot

partofPirahacultureasitdidwiththedifficultiesofnumericalabstraction.Indeed,Dr.

Gordondescribedthetaskofreproducingstraightlinesasbeingaccomplishedonlywith

"heavysighsandgroans'*.

36、WhichofthefollowingisNottrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A、Gordon'spurposeinhisstudyofthePirahawastosolvealanguageproblem.

B、ThePirahawouldusetheword"many"todescribethenumber"Iwenly".

C、LinguistshadstudiedotherlanguagesbeforetheyswitchedtoHopi.

D、Whorfclaimedthatlanguagedidmorethaninfluencepeople'sthought.

标准答案：c

知识点露斤：这是一道是非判断题。依据第二段第二句话，是Whorf而非其他语

言学家研究Hopi语言，所以答案选项不符合文章内容。

37、Ilissuggestedinthethirdparagraphthat

A^theDani'sthoughtwasstronglyrestrictedbytheirlanguage

B、theDanicouldrecognizemorethantheycouldname

C、itisdoubtfullanguageinfluenceswhatpeoplethinkabout

D^thereisconsiderableproofindicatinglanguage'sdecisiverole

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道细节题。根据笫三段可知，虽然iheDani民族只有“黑、白”

两词，但他们却能认识许多颜色。

38、Dr.GordonfocusedhisattentiononthePiraha'scountingabilitybecause

A、numberswereabettertestofWhorfsbelief

B>colorscouldbefoundandseenanywhere

C>theDanicouldrecognizemorethantwocolors

D^thePirahahadabettergraspofnumbers

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道细节题，依据第四段信息：考虑到数字抽象，能更好地说明

问题，所以Dr.Gordon考察thePiraha民族的计数能力。

39、TheperformancesinrelationtoWhorfsclaimortheDaniandthePirahaare

A、complementary

B>identical

C、similar

D^opposite

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查局部信息的理解能力，问”相对于Whorl的说法，两个民族

的实际表现怎么样?，第三段中theDani民族的认识能力没有被语言所限定；而末

两段中thePiraha民族由于语言中数字的限定，不能有效地回答Dr.Gordon为他们

所设定的问题，从而表明语言限定了他们的认识能力。

40,Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextanswer?

A、Whoisright,B.L.WhorforPeterGordon?

B、WhatistherelationshipBetweenlanguageandthought?

C>DoestheexperimentwiththePirahaanswerWhorfsquestion?

D、Canaconceptexistwithoutwordstodescribeit?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一道主旨题。本文所介绍的少数民族实验，都是为了论证第二段

末句中"it(language)detenninesthought”这个命题是否正确；也就是说要叵I答"概念思

想在没有语言描述它的情况下能否存在?”这个问题。”实验回答了Whorf的问题

吗?”不对.因为Whorf不是提出问题供大家探讨,而是表达了自己的命题°

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)A."Fordecades,the

cognitiveandneuralscienceshavetreatedmentalprocessesasthoughtheyinvolved

passingdiscretepacketsofinformationinastrictlyfeed-forwardfashionfromone

cognitivemoduletothenextorinastringofindividuatedbinarysymbols—likeadigital

computer'1,saidSpivey."Morerecently,however,agrowingnumberofstudies,suchas

ours,supportdynamical-systemsapproachestothemind.Inthismodel,perceptionand

cognitionaremathematicallydescribedasacontinuoustrajectorythroughahigh-

dimensionalmentalspace;theneuralactivationpatternsflowbackandforthtoproduce

nonlinear,self-organized,emergentproperties—likeabiologicalorganism".B.The

computermetaphordescribesc