考研英语模拟试卷245

考研英语模拟试卷245

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Mostofusarctaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideus

withsomeinformation,butmeaningsare(1)fromsomanyothersourcesthatit

wouldhinderoureffectiveness(2)apartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyon

words(3).Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideaswe

associatewithanygiven(4).Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthose

(5)ifwelistenfor(6)words.Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemean(7)

meanwhatwesay.Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchase

ahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeFilbuy".Theowner

says,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears',.(8),thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,but

the(9)messageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Wecanputupwithitwhycan'tyou?"

The(10)foramoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexamininga

message(11)whosaidit,whenitoccurred,the(12)conditionsorsituation,

andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalso(13)associatedmeaning.A

friend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodby(14)thatitwas

precededbysituationsthatrequireda(n)(15)amountofassertiveness.Wewould

dowelltolistenfbrhowmessagearc(16).Thev/ords,"itsurehasbeenniceto

haveyouover'*,canbesaidwith(17)andexcitedorritualistically.Thephrasecan

besaidonceor(18)severaltimes.Andthemeaningvveassociatewiththephrase

willchange(19).Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmore

importance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthe(20)importanceitassumes.

1Mostofusarctaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovide

uswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarc(1)fromsomanyothersourcesthatit

wouldhinderoureffectiveness(2)apartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyon

words(3).Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideaswe

associatewithanygiven(4).Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthose

(5)ifwelistenfbr(6)words.Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemean(7)

meanwhatwesay.Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchase

ahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'Hbuy".Theowner

says,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears".(8),thestephasn'tbeenlikethatfbryears,but

the(9)messageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Wccanputupwithitwhycan'tyou?"

The(10)foramoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexamininga

message(11)whosaidit,whenitoccurred,the(12)conditionsorsituation,

andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalso(13)associatedmeaning.A

friend^unusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodby(14)thatitwas

precededbysituationsthatrequireda(n)(15)amountofassertiveness.Wewould

dowelltolistenfbrhowmessageare(16).Thev/ords,"itsurehasbeenniceto

haveyouover",canbesaidwith(17)andexcitedorritualistically.Thephrasecan

besaidonceor(18)severaltimes.Andthemeaningwcassociatewiththephrase

willchange(19).Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmore

importance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthe(20)importanceitassumes.

A、omitted

B、resulted

C、dismissed

D、derived

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、

A、for

B、under

C、as

D^against

标准答案.C

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、

A、aswell

alone

CNlongbefore

D、though

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、

A^message

B、description

C、statement

D^explanation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、

A、associations

B、appointments

C^appliances

D、agitations

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、

A、lessthan

B、ratherthan

C^morethan

D^otherthan

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、

A、orelse

or

C、butrather

D、but

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、

A、Theoretically

B、Ironically

C、Probably

D、Actually

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、

A、inclined

declared

C>implied

D^delivered

标准答案：C

知识点解暂无解析

10、

A、search

inquiry

C、worry

D、confusion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、

A、intermsof

B、inthelightof

C、inlinewith

D、inthewakeof

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、

A、involved

B、included

C、related

D^concerned

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、uncover

B、expose

C^display

D、reveal

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂•无解析

14、

A、marking

B、noting

C、labeling

D、spotting

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、complex

B、abnormal

C、moderate

D、ambiguous

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、offered

B、granted

C、presented

D、agreed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、emphasis

B、hesitation

C、interest

D、pressure

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、renewed

B、recovered

C、repeated

D、restored

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、unexpectedly

B、occasionally

C^especially

D、accordingly

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A、better

B、less

C^worse

D、more

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica'smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantans

sentimentallygivetheircarsnames,comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardany

side-streetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity'sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstact

ofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metro

countieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheClean

AirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchanges

amongthe18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.Othercitiesinthesamefixhave

reorganizedtheirhighways,imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheirpublic­

transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthesethings.Publictransportisavexed

subject,too.Atlanta'smetropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmaller

citygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railwaysnowservethecitycenter

andtheairport,butnotmuchelse;busstopsareoftennear-invisiblepoles,offeringno

indicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.Georgia'sDemocraticgovernor,Roy

Barnes,whohopesfbrreelectioninNovember,hasotherplans.Towinbackthefederal

highwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreatedtheGeorgiaRegional

TransportationAuthority(GRTA),a15memberboardwiththepowertomakethe

countygovernments,thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperate

ontransportplans,whethertheylikeitornot.NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminary

plan,allocating$4.5billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.Theplan

earmarksmoneytowidenroads;tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongthe

elegantvillasofBuckhead;andtocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaand

Macon,twohourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerousten-to-one

matchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretch

asfarasthenextplan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfbr65milesacross

threecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhasallotted$270mforthis.Supporterssay

itwouldeasethecongestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsenover­

developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andevenGRTA'sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however;andsincehecanappointandfireGRTA'Smembers,

thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,

regardless.Hisarroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.Barnes

thinkthatAtlanta'sslowingeconomycoulddohimmoreharmthantheanti-sprawl

movement.

21、Theauthor'spresentationofAtlanta'scar-dependenceismeant

A、tobeironic.

B、topokefuntothem.

C、tobefair.

D、tomakeitnotorious.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、Theword"bottleneck"(Para.1)bestconnotes

A、toviolatethelaw.

B、toslackthepace.

C、tobestuckintraps.

Dxtobeheldup.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

A、ControversiesexistconcerningthetrafficinAtlanta.

B>ThefederalfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

C、Atlantamustabandonbusesandbuildmorehighways.

D^Thecountygovernmentsshouldlearntobecooperative.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

24>WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofthe"anti-sprawlmovement"asplannedby

governorRoyBarnes?

A、HissuccessinreelectioninNovember.

B、Theinitiationofshuulebustransit.

C、Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

D、Theconstructionofacommuterrail.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、IlseemsthatthebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein

A^theenforcementoftrafficregulations.

B、theimprovementofitsroadconditions.

C、theincreaseofccmmnlerandcartaxes.

D、theimprovementofitspublictransports.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Iftheopinionpollsaretobebelieved,mostAmericansarecomingtotrusttheir

governmentmorethantheyusedto.Thehabithasnotyetspreadwidelyamong

AmericanIndians,whosuspectanorganizationwhichhassooftenpatronizedthem,lied

tothemanddefraudedthem.ButtheIndiansmaysoonwinavictoryinalegalbattlethat

epitomizesthoseabuses.ElouiseCobell,abankerwhoalsohappenstobeamemberof

theBlackfeettribeinMontana,istheleadingplaintiffinamassiveclass-actionsuit

againstthegovernment.Atissueisupto$10billionintrustpaymentsowedtosome

500,000Indians.TheSuitrevolvesaroundIndividualIndianMoney(IIM)accountsthat

areadministeredbytheInteriorDepartment'sBureauofIndianAffairs(BIA).Backinthe

1880s,thegovernmentdividedmorethan1Imacresoftriballandintoparcelsof80to

160acresthatwereassignedtoindividualIndians.Becausetheseparcelswererarely

occupiedbytheirnewowners,thegovernmentassumedresponsibilityformanaging

them.AstheIndians'trustee,itleasedthelandoutfbrgrazing,logging,miningandoil

drilling——butitwassupposedtodistributetheroyaltiestotheIndianowners.Infact,

officialsadmitthatroyaltieshavebeenlostorstolen.Recordsweredestroyed,andthe

governmentlosttrackofwhichIndiansownedwhatland.Theplaintiffssaythatmoneyis

owingto500,000Indians,buteventhegovernmentacceptsafigureofabout300,000.

Foryears,CobellheardIndianscomplainofnotgettingpaymentfromthegovernmentfor

theoil-drillingandranchingleasesontheirland.Butnothingmuchgotdone.She

returnedtoWashingtonand,afterabrush-offfromgovernmentlawyers,filedthesuit.

GaleNorton,GeorgeBush'sinteriorsecretarywaschargedwithcontemptinNovember

becauseherdepartmenthadfailedtofixtheproblem.InDecember,JudgeLamberth

orderedtheinteriorDepartmenttoshutdownallitscomputersfortenweeksbecause

trust-fundrecordswerevulnerabletohackers.Thesystemwaspartlyrestoredlastmonth

andpaymentstosomeIndians,whichhadbeeninterrupted,resumed.Andthatisnotthe

endofit.Ms.NortonhasproposedthecreationofanewBureauofIndianTrust

Management,separatefromtheBIA.Indiansarecrossthatshesuggestedthiswithout

consultingthem.Somewantthetrustfundstobeplacedinreceivership,underaneutral

supervisor.OthershavecalledforCongresstoestablishanindependentcommission,

includingIndians,todrawupaplanfbrreformingthewholesystem.Amessyinjustice

mayatlastbegettingsortedout.

26、WhatisimpliedbutnotstatedinthefirstsentenceisthatAmericanIndians

A^expressedtheirgratitudefortheirlawyers.

B、wonavictorybyuseoflegalweapons.

C^havelostconfidenceintheirgovernment.

D^cametobelievethepublicopinionpolls.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、Itseemsthattheauthorismostcriticalofthegovernment's

A、irresponsibility.

B、interference.

C>bureaucracy.

D、inequality.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、Whenmentioning"parcelsof80to160acres",thewriteristalkingabout

A^oilprospectors.

B、trustpayments.

C、privateproperty.

D、landownership.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、WhatistheattitudeofAmericanIndianstowardsGaleNorton'sproposal?

A、Skeptical.

B、Scornful.

C^Annoyed.

D、Indifferent.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingthetext?

A、TrustfundshavebeenplacedinthehandsofAmericanIndians.

B、PaymentsowedtoAmericanIndianhavebeenindefinitelydelayed.

C>BIAdeliberatelyleavestrust-fundrecordsvulnerabletorisks.

D、AmericanIndiansshouldbecomeincreasinglyvocalforjustice.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

TheEuropeanUnion'sBarcelonasummit,whichendedonMarch16th,wasplayedout

againsttheusualbackdropofnoisy"anti-globalization"demonstrationsandmassive

security.Ifnothingelse,thedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomicliberalizationin

Europe-themeeting'smaintopic-presentsgenuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influential

sectionsofpublicopinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens"social

Europe",theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.Inthisclimateofpublicopinion,it

isnotsurprisingthattheoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.Thetotemicissuewas

openingupEurope'senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthasfoughthardtopreserve

aprotectedmarketathomeforitsstate-ownednationalchampion,ElcctricitcdeFrance

(EDF).AtBarcelonaitmadeawell-flaggedtacticalretreat.Thesummiteersconcluded

thatfrom2004industrialusersacrossEuropewouldbeabletochoosefromcompeting

energysuppliers,whichshouldaccountfor"atleast"60%ofthemarket.SinceEurope's

energymarketisworth350billion(S309billion)ayearandaffectsjustaboutevery

business,thisisabreakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointingaspects.

Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesithardertoshowthateconomic

liberalizationisthefriendratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDFto

keepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrenchmarket.Inotherareas,

especiallytodowithEurope'stoughlabormarkets,theEUisactuallygoingbackwards.

Thesummiteersdeclaredthat"disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs'*shouldberemoved;

20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2010.ButonlythreedaysafteraBarcelona

jamboree,theEuropeanCommissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgivealltemporary­

agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithinsixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunder

thedesk.Sixoutof20commissionersdid,unusually,voteagainstthemeasure-ablatant

pieceofrc-rcgulation-butthesocialaffairscommissioner,AnnaDiainantopoulou,was

unrepentant,indeedtriumphant.Adissatisfiedliberaliserinthecommissioncalledthe

directive"anabsolutedisaster'1.Thesummit'sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.

Europe'sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchanddevelopment"fromits

currentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompel

businessestoinvestmoreinresearch?Nobodyseemstoknow.Andtheonebigresearch

projectagreedonatBarcelona,theGalileosatellite-positioningsystem,whichis

supposedtocost3.2billionofpublicmoney,isofdubiouscommercialvalue,sincethe

EuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans'GPAsystem.EdwardBannerman,

headofeconomicsattheCentreforEuropeanReform,aBlairitethink-tank,callsGalileo

"diecommonagriculturalpolicyinspace',.

31>Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A、AreviewofEU'sBarcelonasummit.

B、AboutmeritsofaEU^summit.

C、AsurveyofEurope'scompetitors.

D、AbouttheachievementsoftheEU.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、Thepubliclaunchedademonstrationsagainstthesummitwithrespectto

A、politicaldifficulties.

B、itsstronginfluence.

C、imaginativeideals.

D、itssocialwelfare.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、Accordingtothistext,"anti-globalization"isto''liberation"as

A、securityisto"threats".

B、monopolyisto^competition".

C、publicityisto"privacy".

D^researchisto"development".

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、WclearnfromthetextthatEdwardBannermanisprobably

A、anenthusiastinagriculturalpolicy.

B、atoughleaderinsocialaffairs.

C>andoubterofspendingonresearch.

D、apioneerinspaceexploration.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、Intheeyesoftheauthor,theEU'sBarcelonasummit

A^turnedouttoberatherdisappointing.

B、wasasproductiveasexpected.

C、provedtobequitedissatisfactory.

D、wasnotsofruitfulasanticipated.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Everydaysome16mbarrelsofoilleavetheGulfthroughtheStraitofHormuz.Thalis

enoughtofillasnft-drinkcanforeveryoneonearth,ortopowereverymotorvehicleon

theplanetfor25miles(40km).Gulfoilaccountsfor40%ofglobaltradeinthesticky

stuff.Moreimportant,itmakesuptwo-thirdsofknowndeposits.Whereasatpresent

productionratestherestoftheworld'soilreserveswilllastforamere25years,theGulfs

willlastfor100.Inotherwords,theregion'sstrategicimportanceissettogrowand

grow.Oratleastsogoesrheconventionalwisdom,whichisusuallyroundedoutwith

scarytalkofunstablesupplies,spendthriftregimesandapotentialfundamentalist

menace.Yetallthosenumberscomewithcaveats.Agreatdealofoilisconsumedbythe

countriesthatproduceitratherthantraded,soinrealitytheGulfaccountsforlessthana

quarteroftheworld'sdailyconsumption.Asforreserves,thefiguresareaschangeableas

amirageinthedesert.Themostcomprehensiveresearchavailable,conductedbytheUS

GeologicalSurvey,referstoan"expected"totalvolumeforglobalhydrocarbondeposits

thatisaboutdoublecurrentknownreserves.Usingthatfigure,andthrowinginnatural

gasalongwithoil,itappearsthattheGulfcontainsamoremoderate30%orsoofthe

planet'sfuturefossil-fuelsupplies.LeavingoutthetwoGulfstatesthatarenotcoveredin

thissurvey-IranandIraq-theremainingsixbetweenthemholdsomethinglike20%of

worldhydrocarbonreserves,notmuchmorethanRussia.Allthesame,itisstillahefty

chunk;enough,youmightthink,tokeepthepeoplelivingatopthewellsincomfortfor

theforeseeablefuture.Butyoumightbewrong.Atpresent,thenationsoftheGulf

CooperationCouncilhaveacombinednationalincomeroughlyequaltoSwitzerland's,

butapopulationwhich,aiaround30m,ismorethanfourtimesasbig.Itisalsothe

fastest-growingonearth,havingincreasedatninetimestheSwissrateoverthepast

quartcr-ccntury.Meanwhiletheregion'sshareofworldoiltradehasfallen,ashasthe

averagepriceperbarrel.Asaresult,theincomeperpersongeneratedbyGCCoilexports

hasbeendiminishingsincethe1970s.True,surgingdemandfromAmericaandAsiahas

recentlyboostedtheGulfsshareoftrade,butthemedium-termoutlookforoilpries

remainsweak.Combinedwithcontinuedgrowthinoilconsumption,thisshouldcreate

sustainedupwardpressureonprices.Andhighoilpriceswillspeedthesearchfor

alternatives.Whoknows,in20years'timefuelcellsandhydrogenpowermayhave

startedtobecomecommercialpropositions.

36、Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononthestrategicimportanceofthe

Gulfoilis

A、reassuring.

B、changeable.

C、paradoxical.

D、exaggerated.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、Bymentioning"thefiguresareaschangeableasamirageinthedesert",theauthoris

talkingabout

A、thewealthypeoplewholiveatopthewellsintheGulf.

theplanet'sfuturefbssil-fuelsupplies.

C、theinconsistentestimatesonoildepositsintheGulf.

D、theoiltradedintheinternationalmarkets.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、Whensaying"itisstillaheftychunk"(Para.3),theauthorimpliesthat

A^ThepeopleintheGulfwouldnotbenefitincertainways.

B>TheGulfcountriesareincomparabletothecountySwiss.

C、Continuedoilconsumptionwillcreatehighpricepressures.

D^Thesearchforotheralternativeswouldendupwithfailures.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、ItisgenerallybelievedthatoilproducedintheGulf

A、willleavethelocalsinimpoverishedconditions.

B、islessthantheassessmentinaconductedresearch.

C、willdiminishtheregion'sstrategicimportance.

D、istradedratherthanconsumedbyitsproducers.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、Towhichofthefollowistheauthorlikelytoagree?

A、Someoftheworld'sbothersomehotspotsareneartheGulf.

Oilisbig,butitisnottheonlyreasontotaketheGulfseriously.

C、Whiletheoilpricekeepsrising,theGulfisanattractivetotraders.

D、Tightenthriftregimesonoilconsumption,thesingleremedy.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题上。分，共

5分。）

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.（10points）A.ThestrainofHIV

thatwasdiscoveredinSydneyintriguesscientistsbecauseitcontainsstriking

abnormalitiesinagenethatisbelievedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,thevirusis

missingsomuchofthisparticulargene-knownasnef,fornegativefactor-thatitishard

toimaginehowthegenecouldperformanyusefulfunction.Andsureenough,whilethe

SydneyvirusretainstheabilitytoinfectTcells-whitebloodcellsthatarecriticaltothe

immunesystem'sabilitytowardoffinfection一itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthe

mostpowerfulmoleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.B.Ifthisspeculationproves

right,itwillmarkamilestoneinthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterrible

epidemic.ForinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroupofpeopleinfectedwithHIV

hasnotbecomesick,thediscoveryofaviralstrainthatworkslikeavaccinewouldhave

farreachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest",saysDr.DarneyGrahamof

Tennessee'sVanderbiltUniversity,"isthatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibleto

stimulateeffectiveimmunityagainstit”.C.Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,

theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwooftherecipients

havediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman'scontaminatedbloodhascomedown

withAIDS.Moretellingstill,thedonorisalsohealthy.Infacthisimmunesystem

remainsasrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcouldexplainsuch

unexpectedgoodfortune?D.Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetargetfor

drugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggestsDeacon,researchersmightbe

abletobringtheprogressionofdiseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohave

developedfullblownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswasunderscored

lastweekbytheactionsofaU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationadvisorypanel,which

recommendedspeedyapprovaloftwonewAIDSdrugs.AlthoughFDAcommissioner

DavidKesslerwasquicktopraisethenewdrugs,neithermedicationcanpreventorcure

AIDSonceithastakenhold.Whatscientistsreallywantisavaccinethatcanprevent

infectionaltogether.Andthat'swhatmakestheSydneyvirussopromisingandso

controversial.E.AteamofAustralianscientistshasfinallysolvedthemystery.Thevirus

thatthedonorcontractedandthenpassedon,theteamreportedlastweekinthejournal

Science,containsflawsinitsgeneticscriptthatappeartohaverendereditharmless."Not

onlyhavetherecipientsandthedonornotprogressedtodiseasefor15years",marvels

molecularbiologistNicholasDeaconofAustralia'sMacfarlaneBurnetCentrefor

MedicalResearch,"butthepredictionisthattheyneverwill".Deaconspeculatesthatthis

"impotent"HIVmayevenbeanaturalinoculantthatprotectsitscarriersagainstmore

virulentstrainsofthevirus.F.Butfewscientistsareenthusiasticabouttestingthe

propositionbyinjectingHIVhoweverweakened—intomillionsofpeoplewhohave

neverbeeninfected.Afterall,theynote,HIVisaretrovirus,aclassofinfectiousagents

knownfortheiralarmingabilitytointegratetheirowngenesintotheDNAofthecells

theyinfect.Thusonceittakeseffect,aretrovirusinfectionispermanent.G.About15

yearsago,awell-meaningmandonatedbloodtotheRedCrossinSydney,Australia,not

knowinghehasbeenexposedtoHIV-I,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Muchlater,public

healthofficialslearnedthatsomeofthepeoplewhogottransfusionscontaininghisblood

hadbecomeinfectedwiththesamevirus;presumablytheywerealmostsuretodie.

Order:GisthefirstparagraphandFisthelast.

41、Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)A.ThestrainofHIV

thatwasdiscoveredinSydneyintriguesscientistsbecauseitcontainsstriking

abnormalitiesinagenethatisbelievedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,thevirusis

missingsomuchofthisparticulargene-knownasnef,fornegativefactor-thatitishard

toimaginehowthegenecouldperformanyusefulfunction.Andsureenough,whilethe

SydneyvirusretainstheabilitytoinfectTcells-whitebloodcellsthatarecriticaltothe

immunesystem'sabilitytowardoffinfection—itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthe

mostpowerfulmoleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.B.Ifthisspeculationproves

right,itwillmarkamilestoneinthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterrible

epidemic.ForinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroupofpeopleinfectedwithHIV

hasnotbecomesick,thediscoveryofaviralstrainthatworkslikeavaccinewouldhave

farreachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest",saysDr.BarneyGrahamof

Tennessee'sVanderbiltUniversity,uisthatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibleto

stimulateeffectiveimmunityagainstit”.C.Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,

theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwooftherecipients

havediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman'scontaminatedbloodhasconicdown

withAIDS.Moretellingstill,thedonorisalsohealthy.Infacthisimmunesystem

remainsasrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcouldexplainsuch

unexpectedgoodfortune?D.Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetargetfor

drugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggestsDeacon,researchersmightbe

abletobringtheprogressionofdiseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohave

developedfullblownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswasunderscored

lastweekbytheactionsofaU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationadvisorypanel,which

recommendedspeedyapprovaloftwonewAIDSdrugs.AlthoughFDAcommissioner

DavidKesslerwasquicktopraisethenewdrugs,neithermedicationcanpreventorc