考点32阅读理解主旨大意题-2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过 含答案解析

考直非阅禳理解：皆大意您

高考频度：★★★★★

考点详解

高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确

获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信

息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括

能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。

在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：

(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?

(2)Themaintopic/subjectofthepassageis.

(3)Themainidea/Thegeneralideais/Themainthemeofthispassageis...

(4)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison.

(5)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

(6)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

(7)What'sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

(8)Thepurposeofthispassageis.

(9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?

(10)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthepassage?

(11)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.

从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心

思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。

怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意

——主题句定位法

文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思

想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小

段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要

表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。”主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方

法。

但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，

尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主

题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。

因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法（skimming）,浏览时，一

般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：

1.中心主题句出现在文首

开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见

的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。

新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是

对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。

典例剖析

（2020,新课标HI卷，C）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤

独），morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesontheground

floor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,nsaysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespokemorewith

NickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,Ithink

Iwould.”

It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingfor

sometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisen

from325,000in200Ito419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;many

moreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslive

withtheirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainis

thoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,

particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheygetmarried.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【答案】31.D

【解析】31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheold

atriskofisolation（孤独）,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用,

而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一

种上升趋势。故选D项。

2.主题句出现在文尾

在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，

即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。

典例剖析

（2020•新课标I卷，D）Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%more

productivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactual

compositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathave

sensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfi.ilchemicalsin

groundwater.”We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseevery

day,MexplainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.

Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthof

theamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsor

eventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina

one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff”switch

wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource（电源）-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof

energyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】35.C

【解析】35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedinthe

US.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlamps

onaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceand

thereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻

公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。

结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介

绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节

约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。

典例剖析

Lacrosse（曲棍球）isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainfor

war.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.

Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.

Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaball

intothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheball

atahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.

TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthe

lacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.

AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.

l.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosse

B.LacrosseinCanada

C.TheHistoryofLacrosse

D.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada

【答案】D

【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。

4.中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句

阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。

分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪儿个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳

形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。

典例剖析

（2020•新课标II卷，D）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.

Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtome

andwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthe

library.

MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfrom

shelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveral

childrenandbookswereourmainsource（来源）ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocal

library,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasa

specialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.

Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylives

onformgenerationtogeneration.

Asanovelist,Tvefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhenthey

can'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven（避风港）forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsput

togetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy（盗版行为）and1thinkallwriters

shouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibrary

announcementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.

35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledge

B.MyIdeaaboutwriting

C.Library:AHavenfortheYoung

D.MyLoveoftheLibraiy

【答案】35.D

【解析】35.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在

图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作

家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的

爱”为最佳标题。故选D。

4.主题句出现在文章的中间

通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步

的解释、支撑或发展。

典例剖析

TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedates

eachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetter

attendedbylocals.

Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattend

thefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthe

sands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowing

another,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntoshowofftheirwonderful

traditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.

Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhair

isthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.

67.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders.

A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestival

B.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestival

C.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestival

D.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestival

【答案】A

【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“Duringtheopeningceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕

式上的活动。答案选A。

怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题

——高度概括法

对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择

或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主

旨大意，再定标题。

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。

标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选

择文章的标题呢？

首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何.一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体

现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度

概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。

其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上,

仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，

太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，

也可以是句子。

再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂

和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般

比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。

最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为

核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句

为：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128ChinesefamilynamesonThursdayNov.18lh

2004inBeijing.

话题：Stamps

控制性概念：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128Chinesefamilynames

标题：Chinaissued1stsetofstampsonfamilynames

典例剖析

（2020•湖南高三二模）Iliveinasmallstudio.IsleepinabedthatfoldsdownfromthewalLIhavesixdress

shirts.Ihave10shallowbowlsthatIuseforsaladsandmaindishes.Whenpeoplecomeoverfordinner.Ipullout

myextendablediningroomtable.Idon*thaveasingleCDorDVDandIhave10percentofthebooksIoncedid.

IhavecomealongwayfromthelifeIhadinthelate'90s,when,havingmadeafortunefromanInternetstart-up

sale,Ihadagianthousefullofstuff（物品）-electronicsandcarsandappliancesandfurniture.

Somehowthisstuffendeduprunningmylife,oralotofit;thethingsIconsumedendedupconsumingme.Mylife

becameunnecessarilycomplicated.Therewerelawns（草坪）tomow,floorstomop,acartoinsure,wash,refuel,repair

andregisterandtechtosetupandkeepworking.WhohadIbecome?Myhouseandmythingsweremynew

employersfbrajobIhadneverappliedfor.Istartedtowonderwhymytheoreticallyupgradedlifedidn'tfeelany

betterandwhyIfeltmoreanxiousthanbefore.

Forme,ittook15yearstogetridofthethingsIhadcollectedandliveabigger,better,richerlifewithless.

Ilikematerialthingsasmuchasanyone.Istudiedproductdesigninschool.Butmyexperiencesshowthataftera

certainpoint,materialobjectshaveatendencytocrowdouttheemotionalneedstheyaremeanttosupport.Iknow

thebeststuffinlifeisn'tstuffatall,andthatrelationships,experiencesandmeaningfulworkarethemainpartsofa

happylife.

Mylatestprojectistodesignthoughtfullyconstructedsmallhomesthatsupportourlives,nottheotherway

around.Thehouse1designcontainslessstuffandmakesiteasierforownerstolivewithintheirmeansandtolimit

theirenvironmentalfootprint.Myspaceiswell-built,affordableandasfunctionalaslivingspacestwicethesize.I

frequentlyhavedinnerpartiesfor12.1sleepbetterknowingI'mnotusingmoreresourcesthanIneed.Ihave

less-andenjoymore.

MyspaceissmalLMylifeisbig.

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.LivingBetterwithLess

B•ConsumingLesstoSaveMoney

C.LongingfortheGoodOldDays

D.BuildingaComfortableLivingSpace

【答案】31.A

【解析】31.主旨大意题。本文主题为“简单生活使作者的生活更美好”(liveabigger,better,richerlifewith

less),起始段、尾段以及中间各段落均围绕该主题展开叙述。故选A。

检测训练

题组一(2020年高考真题)

Passage1(202()•全国卷HI,B)

When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes“wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal

activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.

Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfor

notusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spending

tensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputer

graphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofit

organization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000

productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,“"TheHangoverPartII”and

“ZookeeperJhavedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.

Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it'sthe

off-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutside

theStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.

24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?

A.Toseefamousfilmstars.

B,Toopposewearingfurcoats.

C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.

D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Listingcompletely.

B,Directingprofessionally.

C.Promotingsuccessfully.

D.Watchingcarefully.

27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?

A.Theymaybebadlytreated.

B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.

C.Theycouldbetradedillegally

D.Theywouldlosepopularity.

Passage32020年浙江省高考英语试卷（1月）

Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence（毅力），a

characteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversity

discoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.

BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325American

familiesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementin

school.

''Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,“Padilla-Walkersaid.nThisresearchalso

helpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.v

Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnot

authoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthe

followingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehind

rulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy（自主权）.

Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingis

thatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,

whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.

Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthat

singleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.

27.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors*study?

A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.

B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.

C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.

D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.

28.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?

A.Ignoretheirdemands.B.Makedecisionsforthem.

C.Controltheirbehaviors.D.Explaintherulestothem.

29.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?

A.Singleparents.

B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.

C.Authoritarianfathers.

D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.

B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.

C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.

D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.

Passage3（2020•全国卷HI,D）

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslook

deeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.

PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaand

northernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairor

tofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.The

Bajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.

Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they,vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastal

waters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,“saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwho

studiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,

spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.€tWeweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders,Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In2OI5,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.

Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetask

easierforthem,“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,saidDr.Ilardo.She

alsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.HighlandersSurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers

Passaged2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）（7月）

Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,

soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsare

sharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthe

phenomenonwecallsound.

Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andthe

officercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethief

dropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice（LRAD,远程定向声波发射器）.It

producesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirected

likearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.

Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport,and

thelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming（哼唱）ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,

andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesound

withoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsby

analyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwaves

canceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights（聚光灯）

areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,aspotsound“createsacircleof

soundinontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanew

waytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,

allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningto

appearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.

46.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?

A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.

B.Itslowsdownarunningman.

C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.

D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.

47.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto.

A.silencethepeoplearoundyou

B.removethesoundofcommercials

C.blocktheincomingsoundwaves

D.stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou

48.Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?

A.Theytravelincircles.

B.Theycleartheatmosphere.

C.Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.

D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.

49.Directedsoundcanbeusedfor.

A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenus

B.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstage

C.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinesses

D.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer

50.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?

A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.

B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.

C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.

D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.

题组二（2019年高考真题）

PassageI（2019•天津卷，B）

ImusthavealwaysknownreadingwasveryimportantbecausethefirstmemoriesIhaveasachilddealwith

books.TherewasnotonenightthatIdon*tremembermomreadingmeast