考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷64

考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷64

一、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共

25分。)

[Fl]Thevaluewhichsocietyplacesonworkhastraditionallybeencloselyassociated

withihcvalueofindividualismandasaresultithashadnegativeeffectsonIhc

developmentofsocialsecurity.Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefits

mustbesmalllestpeople'swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.Even

todaywithflatrateandeamings-relatedbenefits,(hetotalamountofthebenefitmust

alwaysbesmallerthantheperson'swagesforfearofmalingering."Thepurposeofsocial

security,"saidHuntfordreferringtoSweden'scomparativelygenerousbenefits,"isto

dispelneedwithoutcrossingthethresholdofprosperity."Second,socialsecuritybenefits

aregrantedunderconditionsdesignedtoreducethelikelihoodofeventheboldestof

spiritsattemptingtoliveontheStaterather(hanwork.Manyoftherulessurroundingthe

paymentofunemploymentorsupplementarybenefitareforthispurpose.Third,thevalue

placedonworkismanifestedinamorepositivewayasinthecaseofdisability.[F2]

PeoplesufferingfromaccidemsincurredworkorfromocciiDaiionaldiseasesreceive

pre「erentialirealmerHby【hesocialsecurityservicecomparedwilhihosesufferingfrom

civilaccidentsandordinaryillnesses.Yet,thestrangleholdwhichworkhashadonthe

socialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyloosenedovertheyears.Theprovisionof

familyallowances,familyincomesupplements,theslightliberalizationofthewagesstop

aresomeofthemanifestationsofthistrend.[F3]Similarly.>heDreferenlialtreaiment

giveniooccupalionaldisabililybyihesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasingly

questionedwilhihedemands「oriheupgradingofbenefils「or(heother(ypesof

disabilily.Itisfeltthatincontemporaryindustrialsocietiesthsdistinctionbetween

occupationalandnon-occupationaldisabilityisartificialformanynon-occupational

formsofdisabilityhaveanindustrialorigineveniftheydonotoccurdirectlyinthe

workplace.(F4]Thereisalsoiheadditionalreasonwhichwemeniionedinihe

argumernforonebenefil「orallone-paremfamilies.【halamodemsocialsecuriiyservice

muslconcenlraieonmeeiingneedsirrespectiveof(hecausebehindsuchneeds.The

relationshipbetweensocialsecurityandworkisnotallaone-wayaffair.[F5]Itistrue

thatuntilveryrecentlythegeneralviewwasthatsocialsecurity"representedalypeof

luxuryandwasessentiallyan【i-economic."Itwasseenasmerelygovernment

expenditurefortheneedy.Aswesaw,however,redundancypaymentsandeamings-

relatedunemploymentbenefitshavebeenusedwithsomesuccessbyemployersand(he

governmenttoreduceworkers*oppositiontowardslossof(heirjobs.

1、[Fl]

标准答案：传统上，社会赋予工作的价值一直与个人主义价值紧密相连。因此，这

对社会保障的发展产生了负面的影响。

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[F2]

标准答案：与那些遭受个人意外和忍受普通疾病折磨的人相比，因公受伤或者患有

职业病的人在社会保障服务方面享有优待。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：同样，社会保障服务给予职业伤残的优惠待遇越来越多地受到了质疑，

人们要求提高对其他类型伤残的救济。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：此外，还有一个我们在讨论单亲家庭救济问题时所提及的理由.即一个

现代的社会保障服务必须专注于满足需求，不管这些需求的背后有何原因。

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：诚然，直到最近，普遍的观点依然认为社会保障“体现的是一种享受，

从本质上讲是反经济的”。它仅仅被看作是政府用于贫困群体的开支。

知识点解析：暂无解析

ItisacherishedBrusselsmaximthattheEuropeanUniontakesitsgreatestleapsforwards

inacrisis—andthenonlyafterseveralfalsestarts.[Fl]ThasforEuro-oplimists、ihe

faclihalithaslakenEUleadersnearlyihreemonlhsdeliverapromisedrescuepackage

forGreeceislessimportanlihan【hefactthalonMay2nd(heblockfinallyleapt,selling

inmotionthebiggestsovereignbailoulplaninEUhistory.MeetinginBrussels,finance

ministersfromthe16countriesthatusethesinglecurrencyacceptedtheneedtostump

upmorethanC110billion($146billion)overthenextthreeyears.Ineffect,therescue

fundswillreplacecommercialborrowingfromthefinancialmarketsbetweennowand

2012.[F2]ThehopeisthatwillbuyGreecetimetobringitsdeficitundercontrol

throughsavagecutsinpublicspending:Greecehasagreedtoausteritymeasuresworth

13%ofnationalincomeoverthenextfouryears.Soisthisabigleapforward:thestartof

aneconomicunionwillingtotransfervastsumsfromrichregionstoropiermembersof

(heclub,intheinterestsofall?Forthemoment,scepticismisinorder.Thepatternof(he

pastthreemonthshasbeenaseriesofgamblesbyEUleaders.[F3]Theirbet,each

lime,hasbeenthalafierceenoughDoliticaldeclarationwillintimidatemarketsinto

backingawayfromaweakmemberoftheclub.Thislatestannouncementlooksdifferent

butitisnot:itisjustthebiggestandfiercestdeclarationyet(hatmarketsshouldleavethe

eurozonealone.Thereismorepoliticalwilltodefendtheeurozonethantherewasthree

monthsago.Butthereisnotatrillioneurosworthofpoliticalwilloutthere.[F4]That

ismostlybecausethisissuchadynamiccrisis:EUpolitical“illtoacthasdeepenedand

strengthenedoverthepastthreemonths、andcontinuestodoso.Butthestrengtheningof

EUpoliticalwillhasnotkeptpacewiththeworseningofthecrisis.Allthatmeansthis

doesnot(yet)looklikeagreatleapforwards.[F5]NotingihaiGreeceisgoingeohave

tomakedeepandpainfulculslopublicseclorpayandbenefilswhileraisingtaxes

sharply.Mrs.Merkel,iheGermanchancellor,saidihoseharshlermswoulddeterolher

eurozonecountriesfromgellingin【osimilarpickles.Otherheavilyindebted

governmentswould"seethatGreece'spath,withtheIMF'sstrictterms,isnoteasy,so

theywilldoeverythingtoavoidthatforthemselves."

6、[Fl]

标准答案：所以，对于欧盟乐观主义者，欧盟领导人经过了近3个月终于同意向希

腊提供一个救助计划的这一事实与5月2号终于行动起来开始欧盟历史上最大的救

助计划相比，没那么重要。

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[F2]

标准答案：希望那将为希腊赢得时间通过削减公众开销能够控制财政赤字：希腊已

同意在未来4年实施相当于国民收入13%的财政紧缩措施。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：他们每次的赌注是：凭借一个相当激烈的政治宣言，就可以恐吓市场不

要打欧盟中虚弱成员的主意。

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：主要原因在于这是一场动态危机：欧盟行动的政治意愿在过去的三个月

中已经得到加深和强化，并且这种趋势还在一直持续下去。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：注意到希腊在大幅度增加税收的同时却将不得不大力削减公共部门的薪

水和津贴，德国总理默克尔夫人说，这种苛刻的条件将会阻止其他欧元区国家陷入

同样的困境。

知识点解析，担无解析

Picture-takingisatechniquebothforreflectingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressing

thesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythe

cameracandisclosethem.Ardtheydepictanindividualphotographer'stemperament,

discoveringitselfthroughthecamerascroppingofreality.[Fl]Thatis、photography

hastwodirectlyoppositeideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthe

photographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyis

theinstrumenlo「fearlessness,ciueslingsubieciivilyandihepholographerisall.[F2]

Theseconfliclingidealsarise「romuneasinessonihepario「bo【hpholographersand

viewersofphotographslowardtheaggressivecomponenlin"taking"apicture.

Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasobserverisattractingbecauseitimplicitly

deniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.

Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredaioryorassimply,and

essentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotheris

alwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.Animportantresultofthecoexistenceof

thesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography'smeans.[F3]

Whateverare」heclaimsihatphotographymighlmake2beaformofpersonal

expressioniusllikepainting,itsoriginalityiscloselylinkedtothepowerofamachine.

Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativeness

andimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton'shigh-speed

photographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.

[F4]Buiascamerasbecomemeresonhislicated.moreaulomated,somephotographers

aretemptedlodisaimthemselvesortosuggeslthattheyarenolreallya门ned.preferring

iosubmit【hemselves【oihelimiiimposedbypre-moderncameralechnologybecausea

cruder,lesshigh-poweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,

toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointof

honorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartierBresson,torefuseto

usemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecamera

asaninstrumentof"fastseeing".CartierBresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncamera

mayseetoofast.Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsin

taste.Thecultofthefuturc(offasterandfastersccing)altcrnatcsovertimewiththewish

toreturntoapurerpastwhenimageshadahandmadequality,[F5]Thislongingfbr

someprimitivestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscinrentlywidespreadandunderlies

thepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandtheworkofforgottennineteenth-

cciiluryprovincialphol(坐laphcis.Piiolographursandviewersofphulogiaplis,itseems,

needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.

11、[Fl]

标准答案：那就是说，摄影包含两个直接对立的观念：第一，摄影是反映世界的，

摄影者只不过是一个无足轻重的观察者：但是，第二，摄影是探索主观性的无畏工

具，摄影者决定一切。

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[F2]

标准答案：这两个相互冲突的观念源自摄影者和摄影鉴赏者对“照''相过程中的闯劲

所表现出来的不安心情C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：不论摄影可能成为一种同绘画一样的个性表现的论断正确与否，摄影的

独创性总是同照相机的机械能力密切相连的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：但是当照相机变得越来越高级，越来越自动化时，有些摄影者很不想用

这种照相机，或者暗示实际上不用这种照相机，而宁愿用现代化以前的照相技术。

因为粗制的、较差的照相机械被认为能得到更有趣、更动人的效果，给创造活动留

有更大的余地。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：这种对某些早期摄影业的怀旧情绪目前正广泛流行。这就是目前热衷于

银板照相法和被遗忘的19世纪地方摄影师的作品的原因。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Itisnolongerjustdinyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturing;Ihatarebeingsucked

offshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedlobeconsideredsafefromforeign

competition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationsto

beconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibleto

offshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley'sMr.Roachhasbeen

drawingattentiontothefactthatthe"globallaborarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothe

betterkindsofjobs.[F2]hisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingandcallcenlersihal

arebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,bulalsosoftwareprogramming,medical

diagnostics,engineeringdesignjaw,accounting,financeandbusinessconsisting.These

cannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite­

collarworkerstogreatercompetition.Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthat

outsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.Sofarfewerthan1millionAmerican

scrvicc-scctorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby

2015atotalof3.4millionjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistiny

comparedwiththe30millionjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.[F3]

Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatarealreadybeingoff­

shored,wheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvances

andeducationimprovesinemergingeconomies.Mr.Blindersays:"educationoffersno

protection.[F4]Highlyskilledaccounianis、radiologislsorcomputerprogrammersnow

havelocompetewitheleclronicallydeliveredcompetitionfromabroad,whereashumble

taxidrivers,janitorsandcraneoperators衣mainsafefromoff-shoring.Thismayhelpto

explainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshatfallenby6%since2000.a

biggerdeclinethaninaveragewages."Inthe1980sandearly1990s,thepaygapbetween

low-paid,low-skilledworkersandhigh-paid,high-skilledworkerswidenedsignificantly.

Butsincethen,accordingtoastudybyDavidAutor,LawrenceKatzandMelissa

Kearney,inAmerica,BritainandGermanyworkersatthebottomaswellasatthetop

havedonebetterthanthoseir.themiddle-incomegroup.Officecleaningcannotbedone

byworkersinIndia.Itistheeasilystandardizedskilledjobsinthemiddle,suchas

accounting,thatarenowbeingsqueezedhardest.[F5]Astudyconfiims[hatworkersin

tradableservicesthatarcexposedioforeigncompetitiontendtobemoreskilledthan

workersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufaciuringindustries.

16、[Fl]

标准答案：目前，被外包到海外的不只是蓝领工作，过去被认为不会受国外竞争影

响的白领工作也正在被外包到海外。

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、[F2]

标准答案：不再仅仅是基本的数据处理和呼叫中心被外包给低工资国家，软件编

程、医疗诊断、工程设计、法律、会计、金融和商业咨询也正在被外包给低工资国

家。

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[F3]

标准答案：问题在于这样的研究仅考虑到那些已经被移往境外的工作，但实际上能

够被转移的工作的比率将会随着新兴国家的信息技术的发展以及教育的提高而上

升。

知识点解析；暂无解析

19、[F4]

标准答案：通过电子化传输，高技能的会计，放射学家或者计算机的编程员现在不

得不参与到来自国外的竞争。而粗俗的计程车司机、看门人和起重机驾驶员这些工

作依然很安全不会有被移到海外的危险。

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、[F5]

标准答案：一项研究则肯定了暴露在外国竞争下的从事兀贸易服务的工人势必比那

些从事不可贸易的工人和可贸易的制造业工人的技能要求更高。

知识点解析：暂无解析

SupposeyouacceptthepersuasivedatathatinequalityhasbeenrisingintheUnited

Statesandmostadvancednationsinrecentdecades.Butsupposeyoudon'twanttofight

inequalitythroughpoliticallypolarizingstepslikehighertaxesonthewealthyoramore

generoussocialwelfaresystem.[Fl]Thereremainsaplausiblesolulionlorising

ineuualilyihalavoidsihosepolarizingideas:strengtheningeducationsoihaimore

Americanscanbenefil「romIheadvanceso「lhe21sl-cenluryeconomy.Thisisasolution

thatconservatives,centristsandliberalsalikecancomfortablygetbehind.Afterall,who

doesn'tfavorastrongereducationalsystem.Butanewpapershowswhythemathjust

doesn'taddup,atleastifthegoalisaddressingthegapbetweentheveryrichand

everyoneelse.BradHershbein,MelissaKearneyandLawrenceSummersofferasimple

littlesimulationthatshowsthelimitsofeducationasaninequality-fighter.Inshort,more

educationwouldbegreatnewsformiddleandlower-incomeAmericans,increasingtheir

payandeconomicsecurity.[F2]hiusiisn'luplo【helaskofmeaningfullyreducing

inequality,whichisbeingdrivenbythesha】pupwardmovementoftheverytopofthe

incomedistribution.ItisallthemoreinterestingthattheresearchconiesfromMr.

Summers,aformerTreasurysecretarywhoishardlyknownasasoak-the