考博英语模拟试卷14

考博英语模拟试卷14

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith.

A^insufficientdiversityforinformation

B、toorestrictedaviewoflife

C、awiderangeoffactsandopinions

D^acriticalassessmentofoursociety

标准答案：C

知识点解析：calamity灾难。句意：2月24日新疆南部发生地震，这场灾难使266

人丧生。casualty伤亡；collapse倒塌，崩溃；cra〔ei•火山口，弹坑。

2、Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualandimaginative

development?

A、Theyarelikelytofrustratethisdevelopment.

B、Theycanformabasisforit.

C、Theycandistortourjudgment.

D、Theycanstimulatetoomuchmentalactivity.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：miscellaneous各种各样的。句意：由于收藏了各种各样的珍贵书籍、

绘画和工艺品等，世界著名的大英博物馆每年吸引了数百万游客。immersible可浸

入水中的；overwhelming势不可挡的；unified统一的。

3、Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraltoshowthat.

A、worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialonly

themediaevalmediahaddifferentbeliefs

C、greatworksofartrequiregoodloundations

D、closeattentiontodetailisimportant

标准答案：A

知识点解析：scope范围。句意：由于通过秘密途径获得新的线索，那名私人侦探

缩小了调查此案的范围。aspect方而，外表；sphere领域；dimension方面，重要

性。

4、Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

A、Theydisturbusbytheirprejudices.

B、Theymakeusdoubtourownjudgments.

C、Theymakenocontributioninthisarea.

D、Theymakedecisionswhichappeartoocomplicated.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：account说明，解释，其后接for。句意：史密斯未能说明该公司亏损

的原因。A.check控制，检查；C.quesl追求，探索；D.prepare；准备。

5、Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras.

A、fearoflosingthecustomer

B、thediverseviewsofthecontributors

C^servicetotheprofitmotive

D、tryingtocaterforavastrangeofaudience

标准答案：C

知识点解析：coherently连贯地，表达清楚地。句意：他意识到自己失去了听众，

因为他未能把一个问题讲清楚。B.initiativcly初步地；C.flexibly灵活地；D.尖

锐地，中肯地。

6、Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomen

mayencounterEXCEPT.

A、discriminationformconsumersandsuppliers

R、discriniinationfromfinancialinsritutions

C^problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D、problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

标准答案：D…

知识点解析：shortage短缺。句意：战争导致劳动力匮乏，没有人能就政府的这一

困境提出一个简单易行的方案。A.decline衰退；B.vacancy空白，空虚，空缺；

C.rarity稀有，杰出，粉贵。

7^Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewit

aboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernment

employers?

A、Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffects

onwomen'searnings.

B、Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthe

discriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen'searnings.

C、Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthe

discriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen'searnings.

D、Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployers

discriminate.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：track行踪，keeptrackof系固定搭配，意为“听清，看清，掌握……

的线索''句意：20世纪52年代他住在西藏时，收音机是他了解时事动态的惟一工

具。A.response回答，反应；Crecord记录；D.trace足迹，踪迹。

8、Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscrimination

againstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict

A^sometentativeresultsofFuchs,study

B、someexplicitresultsofBrown'sstudy

C、asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D、Fuchs'hypothesis

标准答案：B

知识点解析：sap渐渐削弱。句意：由于布莱尔的妻子行为不端，人们逐渐失去了

对他的信任。B.cherish珍惜，抱有（希望）；C.sabotage妨碍，破坏；D.confirm

证实。

9、AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women'searningcategoriesoccurin.

A^governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B>governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C、privateemployment,self-employment,governmeniemployment

D、privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

标准答案：B

知识点解析：preside主持。句意：市长主持会议，讨论武汉市的过桥费问题。A.

propel推进，推动；B.presume假设;D.prick刺穿，刺伤©

10、Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

A、WhyDiscriminationAgainstEmployedWomenbyGovernmentEmployersand

PrivateEmployersDiffersfromDiscriminationAgainstSelf-EmployedWomenby

Consumers?

B、HowDiscriminationAffectsWomen'sChoiceofTypeofEmployment?

C、TheRelativeEffectofPrivateEmployerDiscriminationonMen'sEarningsas

ComparedtoWomen'sEarnings.

D、TheRelativeEffectofDiscriminationbyGovernmentEmployers,Private

Employers,andConsumersonWomen'sEarnings.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：perceive觉得，意识到。句意：他逐渐意识到他妻子说得对，他必须

改变自己的生活方式。A.explore探索，钻研；B.repel击退，抵制；C.simplify

简化。

11Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

A、revealingacommonlyignoreddeficiency

B、proposingareturntotraditionalterminology

C、describinganattempttocorrectashortcoming

D、assessingthesuccessofanewpedagogicalapproach

标准答案：C

知识点解析：alleviale减轻。句意：尽管这种医疗器械很贵，但病人同意手术后使

用它因为它能减轻痛苦。A.assess对...进行估价，评价；C.avenge替...报

仇;D.affirm肆言,证实，批准。

12、Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageexpectsthattheexperienceofthe

studentmentionedashavingstudiedWifeintheRightwouldhaveoneofthefollowing

effects.Thatis.

A、ItwouldleadthestudenttodisregardinformationfoundintheBibliotheca

Britannica.

B、Itwouldteachthestudenttoquestiontheaccuracyofcertainkindsofinformation

sourceswhenstudyingneglectedauthors.

C>Itwouldteachthestudenttoavoidtheuseofreferencesourcesinstudyingneglected

authors.

D、Itwouldenhancethestudent'sappreciationoftheworksofauthorsnotincludedin

thecanon.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：explicit明确的。句意：教授对全班进行了明确的指导，好让每位学

生知道如何在实验室做这个试验。B.affliclive折磨人的；C.aulhoritative有权威

的，官方的；D.oblivious忘却的，健忘的。

13、Whichofthefollowingisadisadvantageofthestrategyemployedinthe

experimentalscholarlymethodscourse?

Studentswerenotgivenanopportunitytostudywomenwritersoutsidethecanon.

B、Students'originalworkwouldnotbeappreciatedbyrecognizedscholars.

C、Mostofthestudentsinthecoursehadhadlittleopportunitytostudyeighteenth­

centuryliterature.

D、Studentswerenotgivenanopportunitytoencountercertainsourcesofinformation

thatcouldproveusefulintheirfuturestudies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：hazard危险，公害。句意:抽烟极大地危害健康，有可能导致致命的

疾病。久为opposition反对;B.protagonist领导者,提倡者；C.fault过错。

14、Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthe"particularpedagogicalpurpose"mentioned

inparagraph3?

A、Tominimizethetrivialaspectsofthetraditionalscholarlymethodscourse.

B、ToprovidestudentswithinfbnnationaboutGriffith'swork.

C、Toencouragescholarlyrigorinstudents,ownresearch.

D、ToreestablishGriffith'sreputationasanauthor.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：falloff下降，跌落，句意:过了一些时候，航天飞机的第二级由于用

光了燃料，就像助推器，脱开然后落下。A.runaway潜逃，私奔，失去控制；

D.chargefor收费，要，‘介；D.mergeinto合并成。

15、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphinrelation

topassageasawhole?

A^Itsummarizesthebenefitsstudentscanderivefromtheexperimentalscholarly

methodscourse.

B、ItprovidesadditionalreasonswhyGriffitIVsworksraisesissueshavingtodowith

thecanonofauthors.

C^Itprovidesanillustrationoftheimmediatematureoftheexperiencesstudentscan

derivefromtheexperimentalscholarlymethodscourse.

D、Itcontraststheexperienceofastudentintheexperimentalscholarlymethodscourse

withtheexperienceofastudentinthetraditionalcourse.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：inturn依次，轮流。句意：紧张的环境导致不利于健康的行为，如不

良的饮食习惯，不良的饮食习惯又使患高血压和心脏病的风险增大。B.bychance

偶然地：C.byfortune幸而：D.incase以防万一,

16、Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorthinksthat.

A、customcanneverbeasubjectofgreatmoment

B、onlytheinnerworkingsofourbrainisworthyofinvestigation

C、customplaysaprominentroleinourexperienceandinbelief

D、traditionalcustomsaxeveryastonishing

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：gobackon违背，毁约。句意：如今我们的政府提倡做任何事、与任

何人联系都要讲诚信。一个人一旦违约，就会失去社会地位和信誉。A.keepup

with跟上，赶上；B.give不能和awayfrom搭配;D.losesightof不再看见,忘

记，忽略。

17、Accordingtothearticle,.

A、ourconceptsofthetrueandthefalseareinfluencedbyourtraditionalcustoms

B>wealwayslookattheworldwithpristineeyes

C、philosopherstrytoexplainstereotypes

D^traditionalcustomsaremoreimportantthanphilosophies

标准答案：A

知识点解析：grant授予，准予。句意：是中央政府把优惠的政策授予沿海经济。

A.deliver投递（邮件）；C.submit呈送；，提交；D.give给予。give和grant都

有“给予”的意思，但grant系法律用语，指按照法律程序给予权利等。

18、FromJohnDeweywecaninferthat.

A-.customplaysanimportantroleinshapingthebehaviorofanindividual

B、thebehaviorofanindividualisnotinfluencedbycustoms

C、thewordsofone'sbabytalktakeagreatproportioninthevocabularyofone's

mothertongue

D、allthevocabularyofone'smothertongueoriginatesfromone'sbabytalk

标准答案：A

知识点解析：atlarge未被捕，逍遥法外的。句意：令大众非常失望的是，涉嫌谋

杀的通缉犯至今依然逍遥法外。B.in不与freedom搭配；C.atease舒坦，自由自

在，不拘束；D.inprison在狱中，被监禁。

19、Theword"pristine"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A、basic

B、general

C、pure

D^objective

标准答案：C

知识点解析：advantageous有利的。句意：尽管英语学习很难，但从长远的观点来

看，英语学习有利于学习者事业的发展。B.rewarding值得的：C.profitable有利

可图的；D.earning收益，利润。

20、Fromthearticleweeauinferthatweareinfluencedbycustoms.

A、fromthemomentofourbirth

B>whenwecantalk

C、whenwegrowup

D、.whenwegotoschool

标准答案：A

知识点解析：justify证明……是正当的。句意：那位官员因不能说出他所有财产的

合法来源而被捕。A.clarify阐明（立场），澄清（真相）；B.intensify加强；C.verify

证实，查证。

21、TheearthquakehappenedinsouthXinjiangonFeb.Thiskilled266people.

A、causality

B、collapse

C^calamity

D、crater

标准答案：c

知识点解析：modify更改，修改。句意：整个程序设计得很好，但有些细节需要

专家进一步修改。A.proof校对,检验；B.demonstrate论证，表明;D.polish擦

亮，修饰。

22、Theworld-famousBritishMuseumwhichhousesacollectionofvaluable

books,paintings,worksofarts,etc.attractsmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.

A、immersible

B>miscellaneous

C^overwhelming

D^unified

标准答案：B

知识点解析：starve使挨饿。句意：语言像食品，是人的基本需要。没有它，孩子

在关键时期就会挨饿，身心会受到损害。B.stun使……大吃一惊；C.shock使震

惊；D.segregate使分离，使隔离。

23、Theprivatedetective,havingreceivednewinformationfromaconfidentialsource,

narroweddowntheofhisenquiryintothecase.

A、aspect

B、sphere

C^dimension

D、scope

标准答案：D

知识点解析：naturally自然地。句意：在古代，一些灾难性的物种灭绝自然地发

生，但是这些灾难比较少见。A.sequentially相继地,连续地;B.repeatedlyK.fl

地；D.intentionally故意地。

24、Smithfailedtoforthedeficitinthecompany'sbankbalance.

A、check

B、account

Cxquest

D、prepare

标准答案：B

知识点解析：pickin一点一点地吸收。句意：在环境的影响下，孩子长大后，他们

就一点一点地吸收零散的资料。A.takeon承担（责任），呈现（面貌）；C.workout

制订（计划）；D.puldown放下，拒绝。

25、Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk

aroundonetopic.

A、coherently

B、iniliatively

C>flexibly

D、pointedly

标准答案：A

知识点解析：dual两部分的，双重的。句意：美国司法系统的特征是具有两个等级

森严的机构：州法院和联邦法院。A.double两倍的，加倍的；B.complex复杂

的；C.simple简单的。

26>Noonecouldcomeupwithaneasysolutiontothegovernment'spredicament—

labor.whichiscausedbythewars.

A、decline

B、vacancy

C^rarity

D、shortage

标准答案：D

知识点解析：derive起源，源于。句意：像猴子、猿和人这样的高级哺乳动物都有

头脑，他们都来源于喜欢在树上栖息的祖先。B.progress前进，进展；

C.lerminaie使结束；D.advance推进，促进。

27、WhenhelivedinTibetin1950s,radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeepofcurrent

eventsinthecountry.

A、response

B、track

C、record

D、trace

标准答案：B

知识点解析：inexchangefor交换。句意：在物物交换的经济活动中，要找到一个

用旧车交换帆船的人并非总是一件轻而易举的事。A.imermsof根据；B.by

auctionfor通过拍卖获得；C.bywayof通过...的方法。

28、People'sconfidenceinBlairwasgreatlybyhiswife'smisbehavior.

A、sapped

R、cherished

C、sabotaged

D、confirmed

标准答案：A

知识点解析：recognition公认。句意：1955年马丁・路德・金赢得了全国的公认，因

为他把非暴力的方式运用到蒙哥马利市的联合拒乘公共汽车的运动当中。

A.realization实现；B.pemiission允许；D.revolution革命。

29、Themeetingwasoverbythemayortodiscussthetollofcrossingthe

bridgesinWuhan.

A、propelled

B、presumed

C、presided

D、pricked

标准答案：C

知识点解析：reachout伸出手。句意：一旦婴儿掌握了空间具有三维性的概念，他

就会伸出手抓各种各样的物乩。A.shoutoul大声喊叫；C.aim不与oul搭配；

D.pullout拔出。

30Hegraduallythathiswifewasrightandhehadtochangehiswayofliving.

A、explored

B、repelled

C、simplified

D、perceived

标准答案：D

知识点解析：screenoff隔开。句意：宇宙中的各种光线从外层空间通过大气层传

来，但是太阳的大量辐射能被大气层隔开。A.avoid避免；B.exclude排除；

D.separale使隔开，其后不跟off。

二、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Wcarctoldthatthemassmediaarcthegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworld

hasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthe

currentaffairsprogram,Panorama.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomany

peoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtomanyintimationsaboutsocieties,formsoflife,

attitudesotherthanthosewhichobtainintheirlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremay

wellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginative

qualities;widthofjudgment,asenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuch

exposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnomorethanthe

massesofstonewhichliearoundinaquarry（采石场）andwhichmay,conceivably,goto

themakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayof

showingthestonesdoesnotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesarepresented

withinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookat

them,toobserve-fleetingly-individuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthem,is

sufficienttinitself.Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto-orfeelwe

shouldtryto-makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneitherthereal

difficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtreeanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,

canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedistinctiontosuggestreal

choice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplythe

productofacommercialdesiretokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainof

masscommunication.TheorgansofEstablishment（代表官方）,howeverwell-intentioned

theymaybeandwhatevertheirform（theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,political

parties）,haveavestedinterest（即得利益）inensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolently

rocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathattheywillbeled

insensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,though（heygothroughthemotionsof

disputeandinquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchinquiriesmightreally

hint.Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedcliche­

assumptionsofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestionthese

clichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.

Theywillstressthe"stimulation"theprogramsgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitation

ofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationinitself;theytherefore,again,

assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo.Thereareexceptionstothistendency,but

theyareuncharacteristic.

31、Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据短文，大众传播媒介为我们提供了一系列的事实和观点。答案可

以从第一段开头两句找到。

32、Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualand

imaginativedevelopment?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：答案可以从第一段第三句找到。

33、Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraltoshowthat.

标准答案：A

知识点浦析：作者用建大教堂这个比喻说明有价值的结果不仅仅依靠原材料。答案

可以从第一段倒数第二句找到。

34、Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段整体考虑。

35、Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras.

标准答案：c

知识点露斤：作者认为大众传播媒介的主要弱点是为了获得利益，可以根据第二段

倒数第二句，第三句。

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer-governmentor

private—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenand

men.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeof

discriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthe

degreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeof

employer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikely

thatdiscriminationbyprivateemployers,wouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,

ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhavea

positiveeffectonwomen'searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivate

employment.TheresultsofastudybyFucks'supportthisassumption.Fucks'results

suggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernment

employeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycom­

posedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.Inaddition,bothFuchs

andSanbornhavesuggesiedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersonthe

earningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentor

privateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthis

hypothesis.Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe

1970censusanddivided(hemintothreecategories:privateemployees,government

employees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoid

pickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown's

researchdesigncontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,

andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy*sresults.Brown's

resultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersadconsumers.

Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemployment

next,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.Onecaninferfrom

Brown'sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen,Inaddition,

self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesand

mayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.Brown's

resultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs'argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershas

agreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernment

orprivateemployers.Also,thefactthewomendobetterworkingforgovernmentthanfor

privateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.The

resultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,

however,demonstratethatitgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,its

discriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen'searningsasisdiscriminationin

theprivatesector.

36、Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomen

mayencounterEXCEPT.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：在获得政府援助方面存在问题，这一项文中没有提及。A、B和C的

内容可以从第三段中找到。

37、Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewit

aboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernment

employers?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：私人雇主和政府雇主都歧视，但是私人雇主的歧视对妇女工薪的影响

大于政府雇主的歧视对妇女工薪的影响。答案B的意思与第一段最后一句话的意

思相同。

38、Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscrimination

againstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict

标准答案：B

知识点解析：布朗研究的某些明确的结果。文中第三段说，人们可从布朗结论中推

断出消费者歧视自立雇用妇女。此外，自立雇用妇女可能会受到供应商和金融机构

的歧视。假如金融机构不歧视自立雇用妇女，那就与布朗的某些明确的研究成果相

抵触。

39、AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women'searningcategoriesoccurin.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据布朗的研究，女人薪金的类别自高到低依次是：政府雇用，私人

雇田，自立雇用。第二段最后三句话可以回答这一问题。

40>Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章一开始就指出：在完全自由开放的市场经济中，政府雇主或私人

雇主对男女间的薪金差别没有多大影响。然而，若存在性别歧视，那政府和私人雇

主的歧视程度不可能相同。歧视程度的差异导致工薪的差异，政府组建企业中妇女

工薪比私人企业中的高14.6%,这就是“相对的效应”。

ItispossibleforstudentstoobtainadvanceddegreesinEnglishwhileknowinglittleor

nothingabouttraditionalscholarlymethods.Theconsequencesofthisneglectof

traditionalscholarshipareparticularlyunfortunateforthestudyofwomenwriters,ffthe

canon（教规）一thelistofauthorswhoseworksaremostwidelytaught—isevertoinclude

morewomen,scholarsmustbewelltrainedinhistoricalscholarshipandtextualediting.

Scholarswhodonotknowhowtoreadearlymanuscripts,locaterarebooks,establisha

sequenceofeditions,andsoonarelackingincrucialtoolsforrevisingthecanon.To

addresssuchconcerns,anexperimentalversionofthetraditionalscholarlymethods

coursewasdesignedtoraisestudents'consciousnessabouttheusefulnessoftraditional

learningforanymodemcriticortheorist.Tominimizetheartificialaspectsofthe

conventionalcourse,theusualprocedureofassigningalargenumberofsmallproblems

drawnfromtheentirerangeofhistoricalperiodswasabandoned,thoughthisprocedure

hastheobviousadvantagesofatleastsuperficiallyfamiliarizingstudentswithawide

rangeofreferencesources.Insteadstudentswereengagedinacollectiveefforttodo

originalworkonaneglectedeighteenth-centurywriter,ElizabethGriffith,togivethem

anauthenticexperienceofliteraryscholarshipandtoinspirethemtotakeresponsibility

forthequalityoftheirownwork.Griffith'sworkpresentedanumberofadvantagesfor

thisparticularpedagogicalpurpose.First,thebodyofextentscholarshiponGriffithwas

sotinythatitcouldallbereadinaday,thusstudentsspentlittletimeandeffort

masteringtheliteratureandhadaclearfieldfortheirowndiscoveries.Griffith'sPlay一

ThePlatonicWifeexistsinthreeversions,enoughtoprovideillustrationsofeditorial

issuesbutnottoomanyforbeginningstudentstomanage.Inaddition,becauseGriffith

wassuccessfulintheeighteenthcentury,ashercontinuedproductivityandfavorable

reviewsdemonstrate,herexclusionfromthecanonandvirtualdisappearancefrom

literaryhistoryalsohelpedraiseissuesconcerningthecurrentcanon.Therangeof

Griffith'sworkmeantthateachstudentcouldbecometheworld'sleadingauthorityona

particularGriffithtext.Forexample,astudentstudyingGriffith^WifeintheRight

obtainedafirsteditionoftheplayandstudieditforsomeweeks.Thisstudentwas

suitablyshockedandoutragedtofinditstitletransformedintoAWifeintheNightin

Watt'sBibliothecaBritannica.Suchexperiences,inevitableandcommoninworkingona

writertowhomsolittleattentionhasbeenpaidservetovaccinatethestudent—Ihopefor

alifetime—againstcrcdu'oususeofreferencesources.

41、Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这篇短文主要描述纠正一个缺点的一种尝试。作者在第二段指出了传

统的教学方法的一个缺点，那就是学生不注意参考资料的准确度，在最后一段指出

纠正这个缺点的尝试。

42、Ilcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageexpectsthattheexperienceofthe

studentmentionedashavingstudiedWileintheRightwouldhaveoneofthefollowing

effects.Thatis.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者在最后一个自然段指出：Griffith的一系列作品意味着每个学生

可能成为研究Griffith某一版本的权威。

43、Whichofthefollowingisadisadvantageofthestrategyemployedinthe

experimentalscholarlymethodscourse?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这主要是艰据第二段中superficiallyfamiliarizingstudentswithawide

rangeofreferencesourceso意思是学生只是表面上了解一些费料。言外之意是，学

生没有机会接触某些资料。

44^Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthe"particularpedagogicalpurpose"mentioned

inparagraph3?

标准答案：c

知识点解析：c句的意思是：鼓励学生治学严谨。选C主要是根据第二段最后一句

话。需要强调的是：toinspirethemtotakeresponsibilityforthequalityoftheirov/n

work与选项C的意思完全吻合。

45、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphinrelation

topassageasawhole?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：最后一个刍然段在整篇短文中所起的作用是：说明学生从试验性的学

习方法课中能获得立竿见影的效果。（最后•自然段的译文见注释12）

Customhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinner

workingsofourownBrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,

wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itis

theotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailed

behaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividual

actions,nomatterhowunusual.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactof

first-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandin

belief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.Nomaneverlooksattheworldwith

pristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysof

thinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;his

veryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditional

customs.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshaping

thebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditional

custom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainst

thosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothecommonlanguageofhis

family.Whenonseriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavehadtheopportunityto

developautonomously,thefigurebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-fact

observation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationto

thepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthe

momentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.

Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhisculture,andbythetimeheisgrown

andabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,its

impossibilitieshisimpossibilities.Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethem

withhim,andnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachieve

thethousandthpart.Thereisnosocialproblemitismoreobligatoryuponusto

understandthanthisoftheroleofcustom.Untilweareintelligentastoitslawsand

varieties,themaincomplicatingfactsofhumanlifemustremainunintelligible.

46、Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorthinksthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：答案C的意思与第一段最后一句话意思相同。

47、Accordingtothearticle,.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：答案A与第二段中第二句的hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalse

willstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms意思吻合。reference有“关

联”、“联系”的意思。

48、FromJohnDeweywecaninferthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据JohnDewey的观点，我们可以推断出习俗对一个人行为的形成

发挥着重要作用。第二段中的第三句话能回答这一问题。

49Theword"pristine"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段中的第二句话，我们