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考研英语(一)模拟试卷198

一、完型填空(本题共20题,每题7.0分,共20分。)

Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeople

are,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagood[Bl]

aboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,mood,and[B2]onlife.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothes[B3].Newscasters,or

the[B4]whoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemore[B5],

honest,andcompetentwhentheyare[B6]conservatively.Andcollegestudents

who[B7]themselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationships

saytheyare[B8]aboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheseroles

successfully.[B9],manyofuscanrelateinstancesin[BIO]the

clothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhaps

youhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipateda[BlI]

situation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.Intheworkplace,men

havelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeen

[BI2]forwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldarcuncertain

abouttheappropriatemixtureof"masculine"and"feminine"[B13]theyshould

conveybytheirprofessionalclothing.The[B14]ofclothingalternativesto

womenhasalsobeengreaterthanthat[B15]formen.Maleadministrators

tendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyfbrmanagerial[BI6]whenthewomen

display[B17]"femininegrooming"一shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,

andplain[B18]clothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,HAn[B19]

womanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,[B20]shewon'tget

ajob.”

1、[Bl]

ANamount

B、deal

C、number

D、quantity

标准答案:B

知识点解析:联系上下文可知,此空表示“许多,大量”的意思。四个选项中的名词

意思相近,均表示数量,都可与large搭配,表示“大量,许多”。但能与good搭

配的只有deal,agooddeal为固定搭配,意为“许多”,故B项为正确答案。

amount”数量;总额,总数"、numbe产数:号码;数字”和quantity“数量;大量:

总量''均无此用法,故排除。

2、[B2]

A^attitude

B、viewpoint

C、outlook

D、remark

标准答案:C

知识点解析:结合选项可知,本空要求填入一个能与介词on搭配使用的名词。

outlook”态度,观点”,尤指对整个世界或人生的看法。outlookonlife是固定搭

配,意为“人生观”,符合题意,故C项为正确答案。attitude“态度”后常接

toward,故可首先排除。viewpoint"观点,看法”和remark"评论,意见”均没有C

项恰当。

3、[B3]

A、infer

reveal

C、verify

D、mean

标准答案:D

知识点解析:根据卜文列举的新闻广播员和大学生的着装以及本句句意“人们往往

对某种服装达成共识”可知,mean”表示……的意思”最为确切,故D项为正确答

案。infer”推断,推论”,往往与表示人的主语搭配使用。reveal”展现,揭示”和

verify“证明”均不符合题意,故排除。

4、[B4]

A、hosts

announcers

C、presenters

D、reporters

标准答案:B

知识点解析:由连接词or可知,空格处的名词与前面的Newscasters“新闻广播员”

并列。结合空格后的定语从句whoreadthenewsonTV可推断,announcer“播音

员'’符合题意,故B项announcers为正确答案。host“主持人"、presenter”主持人;

发言者”和reporter“记者”均不符合题意,故排除。

5、[B5]

A、promising

amusing

C>convincing

D、inspiring

标准答案:C

知识点解析:此处表示新闻播音员的穿着打扮给人的印象应该是o

convincing“令人信服的;有说服力的“符合题意,故C项为正确答案。

promising”有前途的"、amusing”逗笑的"和inspiring”令人鼓舞的”均不符合题意,故

排除。

6、[B6]

A、dressed

B、worn

C>decorated

D、costumed

标准答案:A

知识点解析:分析句子结构可知空格所在句子的主语they指人,故wca广穿(衣服

等)”显然不能以被动语态的形式出现。同样,decorale"装饰”在句子中与主语(hey

也不能是被动关系,即decorate的对象不能是人,而是物。costume”给...穿上服

装”不符合句意。故A项dressed“穿着,打扮”符合题意,为正确答案。

7、[B7]

A、assume

B、discern

C、view

D、confirm

标准答案:C

知识点解析:从句子结阂看,本题要求填入一个与as搭配使用的动词。只有

view“看待”后常接as,意为“将...看作”,故C项view为正确答案。assume“承

担;假定“、discern"识别;领悟,辨明”和confirm“确认;确定;证实“均不能与as

搭配,表达“将……看作”,故排除。

8、[B8]

A、worried

concerned

C>troubled

D、shocked

标准答案:B

知识点解析:此处句意为“积极对待人际关系的大学生们说,他们自己的着

装,成功地扮演这些角色需要合适的着装worried和concerned均可接about,

但beworriedabout意为"担心",beconcernedabout除了表示"担心”外,还可表示

“关心"。故B项concerned为正确答案。troubled”烦恼的"后常接with,shocked”震

惊的;震撼的“后常接by或at,故排除。

9、[B9]

A、Therefore

B、However

C、Then

D、Moreover

C、attributes

D^figures

标准答案:C

知识点解析:此处句意为“许多职业妇女拿不准她们的职业着装究竟应该在多大程

度上体现恰当的‘男性说'女性'故C项allribules”特点,特征”符合文

意,为正确答案。symbol”象征,符号,代号",criteria是criterion的复数形式,意

为“标准”,figure”外形,形象”,三项均不符合题意,故排除。

14、[B14]

A、priority

reliability

C^demand

D、variety

标准答案:D

知识点解析:此处句意为“女性可选择的衣服的也要比男性可选择的多"。故

D项variety“种类”符合地意,为正确答案。priority"优先,优先权”和demand”要

求“通常与high搭配使用,但不与great搭配,reliability“可靠性”与句意不符,故

排除。

15、[BI5]

A、desirable

available

C、comparable

D、liable

标准答案:B

知识点解析:此处句意为“女性可选择的衣服的种类也要比男性______多”。故B

项available“可获得的”符合题意,为正确答案。desirable”称心的,期望得到的”、

comparable“可比较的”和liable"有责任的.有义务的”均与题意不符,故排除.

16、[B16]

A、professions

works

C、positions

D、vacancies

标准答案:C

知识点解析:此处句意为“男性管理者倾向于认为经理的……由

managerial”经理的,管理人员的''可推断.空格处不可以填profession“职业”,因为

经理不是一个职业。works指“作品”,不指“工作”,因此不恰当。vacancy意为“空

缺”,填入空格处不符合句意。position"职位”符合题意,故C项positions为正确答

案。

17、[B17]

A、more

no

C>less

D、much

标准答案:c

知识点解析:从破折号之后的相关内容“较短的头发、适当的化妆……”可推断,

femininegrooming“女性打扮”前不能填入more或much,否则前后内容会发生矛

盾。同样,由shorter和moderate这些修饰词可推断,空格处不能填no,故C项

less符合题意,为正确答案。

18、[B18]

A^tailored

B、furnished

C、knit

D、purchased

标准答案:A

知识点解析:此处句意为“……这种打扮包括较短的头发,适当的化妆和朴素的

的衣服”。furnished"布置的”和knir编织的”均不能与clothing“衣服”搭配使

用,可首先排除。purchased"购买的"可与cloihing搭配,但不与plain”朴素的,无

装饰的“搭配,故也不合适。只有tailored"缝制的”符合句意,故A项tailored为正

确答案。

19、[B19]

A、attractive

B、optimistic

C、aggressive

D、enthusiastic

标准答案:A

知识点解析:此处句意为“正如一位男性管理者所承认的,一位_____的女性绝对

会经历比别人更长的面试时间联系上下文及常识可知A项attractive”妩媚动人

的,吸引人的“符合题意,为正确答案。optimistic“乐观的"、aggressive“挑衅的”和

enthusiastic”热心的"均与题意不符,故排除。

20、[B20]

A^so

B、and

C、or

D^but

标准答案:D

知识点解析:此处句意为“一她不会得到一份工作“。本句won'tgetajob相对

于上句getalongerinterview而言,意思明显发生转折,因此需填入一个表示转折

关系的连接词,故D项bul为正确答案。so"所以”表示因果关系,and“和,与”表

示并列关系,"'或者”表示选择,均不符合文中的逻辑关系,故排除。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题,每题1.0

分,共20分。)

Thisweek,agaggleofgirlsinhotpantsandminiskirtswillgoonalongandhighly

publicizedstrikeagainsttheiremployer.Theywillwintheircase,andinsodoing,wina

hugebailieforworkingwomeneverywhere—usheringinanewpushforequalpayfur

womenandstrikingavictoriousblowforwomen'srightstheworldover.Butinreallife,

thenewsisn'tnearlythatinspiring.OnWednesday,theU.S.senatefailedtoenddebate

onthepaycheckfairnessact.Theso-called"commonscnsclaw"wouldhavestrengthened

anti-discriminatorylawputinplacebytheEqualPayAct,protectedemployeesfrom

beingfiredforaskingabouttheircolleagues'compensation,andcreatednegotiationskills

trainingprogramsforgirlsandwomen.TheAmericanAssociationofUniversityWomen

recentlycomparedmenandwomenwiththesameeducation,samegrades,samekindsof

jobs,andmadethesamelifechoicesandfoundthatwomenearn5%lessinthefirstyear

outofschool.Tenyearslater,evenifthewomengaveuphavingchildren,theyearn12%

less.Inanotherstudy,Catalystfoundthatfemalefirst-yearMBAstudentsearn$4,600

lessthantheirmalepeersintheirfirstjob.Infact,inthe47yearssincetheEqualPayAct

wasfirstadopted,thepaygaphasdecreasedfrommorethan40centstojustunder25

cents.Weareliterallyhalfwaythere.Therepublicansenatorsvotingagainsttheact,said

theactwouldhavebeenbadforbusiness.Andtheyhavebeenright,butnotforthestated

reasons.Thisrecessionisfrequentlycalledthe"mancession"andthatithasledto36%

increaseinthenumberoffamiliesdependingonwomen'searninginthelastyearalone,

sure,thosebusinessesmaybesavingmoneybypayingwomenless,butisitreallyinthe

interestoftheAmericanpublictoallowthemtosaveattheexpenseoffamilies?At77

centsonthedollar,womenwillloseanaverageof$431,000inpayover40years.Those

lossescouldhavebeenspentwisely.Whenyouconsiderthatwomenreinvest90%of

theirincomeintotheirowncommunityandfamily(just30%to40%thatmeninvest),the

impactcouldhavebeenpowerful.Howisthatforthecommonsense?

21、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninfer.

A、thestrikemaybejustakindofshow

B、thesegirlsareveryfashionable

CNthestrikewillbesuccessful

D、thegovernmentwillsupportthestrike

标准答案:A

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段。文章第一句用描述性的语言介绍

一群穿热裤短裙的女孩举行罢工。作者在最后一句强调“现实生活中结果却不是那

么欢欣鼓舞”,其暗示了女性在就.北平等问题上并不是那么乐观。由此可以推断

出,第一段的美好场景只是一种虚幻。A项意为“罢工可能只是一种表现”,符合

原文。B项“这些女孩非常时尚”、C项“这场罢工终会成功”和D项“政府将会支持

罢工”均未在文中提及,故选A。

22、Beforethe"commonsenselaw",femaleemployeesweretreatedunlairly,for

example,.

A^earninglessmoneythantheydeserved

BNbeingfiredfbraskingaboutother'scompensation

C、beingassignedtoomuchwork

D、beingdeniedtrainingprogramforgirlsandwomen

标准答案:B

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段最后一句Theso-

called^commonsenselaw”wouldhavestrengthenedanti-discriminatorylawputinplace

bytheEqualBayAct,protectedemployeesfrombeingfiredforaskingabouttheir

colleagues^ompensation,andcreatednegotiationskillstrainingprogramsforgirlsand

womeno文章指出“常识法”欲加强反歧视法,保护员工不会因为询问同事工资薪

酬而被解雇,并旦能够提供谈判技能培训。B项”因为询问别人的报酬而被解雇”

符合题意。A项“赚的钱比她们应得的少”、C项“被分配的工作量太大”和D项“针

对女孩和妇女的培训计划被拒绝”均和原文无关,故选Bo

23、InParagraph3,thesentence"wearcliterallyhalfwaythere"means.

A、wearepreparingtodosomething

B、wewillwinthebattleforworkingwomeneverywhere

C、wereallyhavemadesomeprogressindecreasingpaygap

D、weareonthewaytothesceneofthestrike

标准答案:D

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段最后一句Weareliterallyhalfway

thereo含义题的解题在于读懂句子之间的逻辑关系。该句上文用大量数字论证了

男女在收入差距上逐渐减少的具体表现,而本句总结这一表现。通过推断可知,

该句指出人们正在为同工同酬努力。D项“我们正在参与罢工的路上”,即“我们还

要继续罢工,因为同工同酬还未实现“,符合题意。A项“我们正准备做一些事

情”、R项“我们将为各地的职场女性争取胜利”和C项“我们确实在减少T资差距

方面取得了一些进展”均不符合题意,故选D。

24、Theattitudeoftheauthortothereasonthatrepublicansenatorsofferedtothevote

againsttheactis.

A、agreeable

B>ignorant

C、disapproving

D^consenting

标准答案:C

知识点解析:根据题十关键词定位到文章第四段首句Therepublicansenatorsvoting

againsttheact,saidtheactwouldhavebeenbadforbusinesso紧接其后»作者表明了

态度:theyhavebeenright,butnotforthestatedreasons«A项“适合的”,B项“无知

的,不了解的“,C项“反对的”,D项“同意的”。作者认为他们说的损害结果是对

的,但是不同意“商业有害''这个原因,故选C。

25、Mancessionhasledtothefactthat.

A^employersviolatedEqualPayLaw

manyfamiliesdependonwomen'searnings

C、manybusinessessavedmoneybyhiringwoman

D、womenreinvest90%oftheirincometotheircommunity

标准答案:B

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段thatilhasledto36%increaseinthe

numberoffamiliesdependingonwomen'searninginthelastyearalone…这里提至lj

Mancession(男人衰退)导致更多家庭单单依靠女性的收入过活,故B项“许多家庭

依靠妇女的收入''符合原文。A项“雇主违反了同酬法”、C项“许多企业通过雇佣女

性来节省开支”和D项“女性将90%的收入再投资于她们的社区”均不是男性受到经

济衰退影响的直接结果,故选B。

TheeconomistGeorgeAkerloffoundhimselffacedwi由asimpletask:mailingaboxof

clothesfromIndia,wherehewasliving,toAmerica.Theclothesbelongtohisfriendand

colleagueJosephStieglitz,Akerlofwaseagertosendtheboxoff.Buihedelayeddealing

withit,weekafterweek.Thiswentonformorethaneightmonthsanditwasonlyshortly

beforeAkerlofhimselfreturnedtoAmericathathemanagedtomailthisbox:another

friendhappenedtobesendingsomethingsbacktotheU.S.,andAkerlofwasabletoadd

theboxtotheshipment.Giventhevagariesofintercontinentalmail,itispossiblethat

AkerlofmadeitbacktotheUnitedStatesbeforeStieglitz'sshirt.EvenNobcl-vvinning

economists“ocraslinate!Akerlofsawthisfamiliarexperienceasmysterious.Heactually

intendedtosendtheboxlohisfriend,yet,ashewroteinapapercalled"procrastination

andobedience1*,"eachmorningforovereightmonthsIwokeupanddecidedthatthenext

morningwouldbethedaytosendtheStieglitzbox.'*,butactneverarrived.Herealized

thatprocrastinationmightbemorethanjustabadhabit,anditmightbesomething

importantaboutthelimitsofhumanrationalthinkingandthatitcouldteachuseful

lessonsaboutphenomenaassubstanceabuseandsavingshabits.Sincehisessayabout

procrastinationwaspublished,itbecameabuzzwordamongtheacademia,like

philosophers,psychologistsandeconomists:academiesandcollegestudentsmaybe

especiallypronetoputtingthingsoff.Butthestudyofthissubjectisn'tjustacaseof

eggheadsrationalizingtheirslacking.Fromanotherangle,thisissueillustratesthe

fluidityofhumanidentityandthecomplicatedrelationshiphumanbeingshavetotime.A

centralfigureinthissubjectarguesthatdraggingourheelsisasfundamentalastheshape

oftimeandcouldwellbecalledbasichumanimpulse,buttheanxietyaboutdragging

seemstohaveemergedinearlymodernera,asearlyaseighteenthcentury.

Procrastinationisalsoasurprisinglycostlyone.Eachyear,Americanswastehundredsof

millionsofdollarsbecausetheydon'tfiletheirtaxesontime.70%ofpatientssuffering

fromglaucomariskofblindnessbecausetheydon'tusetheireye-dropsregularly.

Procrastinationalsoinflictsmajorcostsonbusinessesandgovernments.Therecentcrisis

oftheeurowasaggravatedbytheGermangovernmentshesitation.Andthedeclineof

theAmericanautoindustry,exemplifiedbythebankruptcyofG.M.,wasdueinpartto

executives'inclinationfordelayingtoughdecisions.

26、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearn.

A、Akerlofhaddifficultyinmailinghisfriend'sclothesfromIndiatotheUnitedStates

B>Indianshipmentservicemadesimplethingsmuchmorecomplicated

C>AkerlofarrivedintheU.S.beforehisfriendclothesdid

D^Akerlofpostponesmailinghisfriend'sclothesuntileightmonthslater

标准答案:D

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段。A项“阿克洛夫很难把他朋友的

衣服从印度寄到美国”,文章指出“阿克洛夫在邮寄东西方面没有什么困难,只是

他一直在拖延”,故A项错误。B项”印度的货运服务使简单的事情变得复杂”并未

在原文中提及,故错误。C项“阿克洛夫在他的朋友的衣服邮到之前到达了美

国”,其是对该段最后一句话的错误解读,文章用的是推测的口吻,故错误。D项

“阿克洛夫推迟了邮寄他朋友的衣服,直到8个月后”,符合原文含义,故选D。

27>Whatisthemeaningoftheword"procrastinate"?

A、anticipate

B、delay

identify

D、rationalize

标准答案:B

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段首句EvenNobel-winning

economistsprocrastinate0本题中,even一诃承接上文阿克洛夫拖延邮寄衣服的事

情。第二段进一步描述阿克洛夫的心理状态,因此可推断出procrastinaie的含义,

即“拖延”,因此B项“耽搁,推迟”符合题意。A项“预期”、C项“确认,辨别”和D

项“使……合理化”均不符合词义,故选B。

28、InParagraph2and3,wecanlearnthethingsdemonstratedthroughprocrastination

EXCEPT

A^thelimitsofrationalthinking

B、thefluidityofhumanidentity

C^therelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandtime

D、people'stendencytolacking

标准答案:D

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章二、三段。由thisissueillustratesthe

fluidityofhumanidentityandthecomplicatedrelationshiphumanbeingshavetotime

可推断出B、C项正确。山第二段的procrastinationmightbemorethanjustabad

habit,anditmightbesomethingimportantaboutthelimitsofhumanrationalthinking

可推断出A项“理性思考的局限性”正确。D项“入口有关缺乏的倾向”未在文中提

及,故选D。

29、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

A、Procrastinationisnomorethanabadhabit.

B、Manyacademicswritepaperstorationalizepeople'slaziness.

C^Postponingindailylifeincreasesthecostofpeople'slife.

D、Earlymodernpeoplecarelessabouttheimpactofslacking.

标准答案:c

知识点露析:根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段。最后一段首句明确指出

Procrastinationisalsoasurprisinglycostlyone,C项"日常生活中的拖延增加了人们

的生活成本”是该句的同义替换,故正确。A项“拖延症仅仅是一种坏习惯”、B项

“许多学者写论文来解释人们的懒惰”和D项“早期现代人不关心拖延的影响”原文

中都未提及,故选C。

30、Procrastinationasasocialproblemisextremelycostlyinthefieldsof.

A^education

B>scienceandtechnology

C、healthcare

D^psychology

标准答案:C

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段70%ofpatientssufferingfrom

glaucomariskofblindnessbecausetheydon'tusetheireye-dropsregularly.其说明“拖

延造成的后果对医疗造成的代价最大'',故C项“卫生保健”符合题意。A项“教

育”、B项“科技”和D项“心理”均不符合题意,故选C。

CigarettesmokingisahealthhazardofsufficientimportanceintheUnitedStates.Itwas

50yearsagothismonththatAmerica'sSurgeonGeneralsoundedthatwarning,marking

thebeginningoftheendofcigarettemanufacturing-andofsmokingitself-asa

respectableactivity.Some20millionAmericanshavediedfromthehabitsincethen.But

advertisingrestrictionsandsmokingbanshavehadtheireffect:theproportionof

Americanadultswhosmokehasdroppedfrom43%to18%;smokingratesamong

teenagersareatarecordlow.Inmanyothercountriesthetrendsaresimilar.Thecurrent

SurgeonGeneral,BorisLushniak,markedthehalf-centurywithareportonJanuary17th,

declaringsmokingevendeadlierthanpreviouslythought.Headdeddiabetes,colorectal

cancerandotherailmentstothelistofillsitcauses,andpromisedend-gamestrategiesto

extinguishcigarettesaltogether.Newtechnologiessuchase-cigarettespromisetodeliver

nicotinelessriskily.E-cigarettesgiveusersahitofvapourinfusedwithnicotine.In

America,salesofthemanufacturer,whoisthefasteste-cigarettes-adopter,havejumped

fromnearlynothingfiveyearsagotoatleast1billionin2013.Atfirst,itlookedasife-

cigarettesmightluresmokersfromthebigtobaccobrandstostartupssuchasNJOY.But

tobaccocompanieshavebiggerwarchesls,moreknowledgeofsmokers'habitsandbetter

tiestodistributorsthanthenewcomers.SomeexpertsreckonAmericanswillpuffmoree-

cigarettesthannormaloneswithinadecade,buttobaccofolkareskeptical.E-cigarettes

accountforjust1%ofAmerica'scigarettemarket.InEurope7%ofsmokershadtriede-

cigarettesby2012butonly1%keptthemup.Andnooneknowswhatsortofrestrictions

regulatorswilleventuallyplaceonreducedriskproducts,includingc-cigarcttes.Ifthese

companiescanmanagethetransitiontolessharmfulsmokes,andconvinceregulatorsto

besensible,thetobaccogiantscouldkeepupthesortofperformancethathasmadetheir

sharessuchafineinvestmentovertheyears.Butsomeanalystsarenotsosure.Many

tobaccofirmsarestrugglingtodelivertheconsistencyoftheearnings-per-sharemodel

we'veseeninthepast.Ifthatpersists,investorsmayfalloutoflovewiththeindustry.A

half-centuryaftertheSurgeonGeneral'salarm,they,andhopelesssmokers,areitslast

remainingfriends.

31、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thatcigarettemanufacturingintheUnited

States.

A、wasofsufficientimportance

B、wasputforwardbyAmerica'sSurgeonGeneral

C^begantogodownhill

D^usedtobeanhonorableactivity

标准答案:D

知以点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章笫一段。该段笫二句后半部分讲到“其是

50年前的这个月美国卫生部部长发出的警告。这一警告标志着卷烟制造业……不

再是一项让人尊敬的行为”,故D项“曾是一项令人尊敬的行为”与原文相符,为正

确答案。A项“十分重要”是对首句的曲解,且第一段中并没有此信息,故排除。B

项“由美国卫生部部长提出”和C项“开始走下坡路”与首段第二句内容不符,故排

除。

32>Accordingtothepassage,e-cigarettes.

A、supplysmokerswithnicotinemoresafely

R、helpthefasteste-cigarettes-adoptergainsales1hilliontimes

C>aremasteredbyalltobaccofirmsasanewtechnology

D、haveluredsmokersfromthebigtobaccobrandstostartups

标准答案:A

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到第四、五段。第四段首句指出“一些新的技

术,比如电子香烟承诺提供危害风险更小的尼古丁”,A项中的supply和more

safely是首句中的deliver和lessriskily的同义替换,故A项为正确答案。B项“帮

助最先采用这种方式的厂家获得销售量10亿倍的增长”与文意“销售量……已经达

到至少10亿美元”不符,故排除。C项”作为一种技术被所有的烟草公司采纳”错在

all一词。D项“已经诱导烟民们从大的烟草品牌转向新兴公司”忽视了原文中修饰

成分itlookedasif和might,是对原文意思的误解,故排除。

33、Thephases"warchests"(Para.5)mostprobablymeans.

A、space

funds

C、networks

D、competitors

标准答案:B

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到第五段。其中war“战争”和chests“胸部”对考

生来说并不陌生,但warchests的含义需要通过上卜文运用排除法来确定。本句将

烟草公司和新兴公司作比较,But表转折,因此考生需要参考前文。第四段讲了运

用电子香烟这一技术的新兴公司销售额激增,故本句涉及的比较,第一个内容可

能就是“资金”方面。warchests合在一起意为“战争基金;(为竞争等筹措的)资

金”,故B项为正确答案。A项“空间”、C项“网络”和D项“竞争者”均不是该词的

正确释义,故排除。

34>Thesmokers'attitudetowardtheconsumptionofe-cigarettesis.

A、pessimistic

B、uncertain

C、optimistic

D、doubtful

标准答案:D

知识点解析:此题考查作者的态度,根据关键词定位到文章第五段。第三句意为

“一些专家预测在未来的十年里,美国人将消费更多的电子香烟,但是烟民们对此

却持怀疑态度doubtful”怀疑的”与文中skeptical意思相符,故D项为正确答

案。pessimistic“悲观的"、uncertain“不确定的”和optimistic“乐观的”均不符合文

意,故排除。

35、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A、Thepotencyoftobacco1sadvertisingbans.

B、ThehostileregulatoryclimateoftobaccointheU.S.

C、Thecurrentsituationandchallengeofbigtobaccofirms.

D、Theintroductionandgrowthofe-cigarettes.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:根据题干关键词需纵观全文。文章前三段讲吸烟的危害在美国引起重

视,并加大了广告限制及禁烟标志力度。第四段引出电子香烟。第五段指出电子

香烟所占的市场份额。后面谈到烟草公司的反应及发展趋势。所以C项“烟草巨头

的现状及挑战”为正确答案。A项“禁烟广告的效力”、B项“美国严苛的烟草监管环

境”和D项"电子香烟的引入和发展”均不符合文意,故排除。

Whatnewresearchrevealsabouttheadolescentbrain.Wc'relearningthattheteenyears

areaperiodofcrucialbraindevelopmentsubjecttoahostofenvironmentalandgenetic

factors.Thisemergingresearchshedlightonadiscoverythatourbrainsarenotfinished

maturingbyadolescence,brainsareonlyabout80percentofthewaytomaturity,ittakes

untilthemid-20s,andpossiblylater,forabraintobecomefullydeveloped.Anexcessof

graymatter(thestuffthatdoestheprocessing)atthebeginningofadolescencemakesus

particularlybrilliantatlearning,butalsoparticularlysensitivetotheinfluencesofour

environment.Ourbrains*processingcentershaven'tbeenfullylinkedyet,particularlythe

partsresponsibleforhelpingtocheckourimpulsesandconsideringthelong-term

repercussionsofouractions.It'spartiallybecauseofthisdevelopmentaltimelinethata

teencanbesoquicktothinkaharshremark,orabitinginsult,andsouninhibitedin

firingiloffalthenearestunfortunatelargeL.Instead,ihefulldevelopedbrainregionsof

anadultmightstophimselffromsayingsomethingcruel.Inapaperpublishedlastyear,

Dr.JayGiedd,wrotethat,gray-matter(thestuffthatdoestheprocessing)volumepeaks

aroundorjustbeforethebeginningofpuberty,andthencontinuouslydeclines.In

contrast,whitematter(thestuffthathelpsconnectareasofthebrain)increasesrightup

to,andbeyond,theendofpuberty.Theseadolescentbraindevelopmentsdon'thappento

allpartsofthebrainatthesametime."Theorderinwhichthismaturationofconnection

goes,isfromthebackof:hcbraintothefrontofthebrain,"saysJensen.Andoneofthe

lastpartstomatureisthefrontallobe,alargearearesponsiblefbrmoderatingreward,

planning,impulsiveness,attention,acceptablesocialbehavior,andotherrolesthatare

knownasexecutivefunctions.Unfortunately,ifsjustthesesortsofbehaviorsthat

teenagebrainsarenotfuLyendowedtodealwith-andtheconsequencesarepotentially

fatalwhenitcomestohigh-riskbehaviorlikedrinkinganddriving.Thisblastofteen­

brainchangeiscompoundedbyprofoundsocialandpsychologicalshifts.Ofparticular

importanceisthatadolescenceisthetimewhenwedevelopstrongersocialconnections

withourpeers.Healthysocialrelationshipshaveapositiveeffectonhowanadolescent

navigatesthroughatumultuousperiodoflife.Butatthesamelime,thisrelianceon

friendsmakesyoungpeoplesusceptibletotheinfluenceofpeerpressure,evenwhenitis

indirect.

36、Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesintheadolescentbrainisthat.

A、itbecomesfullydeveloped

B、itisaffectedbyenvironmentalandgeneticfactors

C、itissensitivetoourenvironment

D、itremainsimmatureuntil25later

标准答案:D

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段。该段最后一旬指出“最新研究发

现少年的大脑只有80%是成熟的“,其完全的成熟应该在20岁中期,或者更晚才

能完成,故D项“在二十五岁前不成熟”是对原文的同义转换。B项“受到环境和遗

传因素的影响”,原文中提到受到环境和基因因素影响的是大脑的发展,并不是对

有关青少年大脑的探讨。A项“充分发展”和C项“对我们的环境敏感”均不符合题

意,故选D。

37、Teenagersaremorelikelyto.

A、hurtthepeopleclosesttothem

B、keepthemselvesfromsayingsomethingcruel

C、beindifferenttotheirenvironment

D、bewildertheirparents

标准答案:A

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第二、三段。文章第三段指出ateencan

besoquicktothinkaharshremark,orabitinginsult,andsouninhibitedinfiringitoff

atthenearestunfortunatetarget,即“青少年容易向最亲近的人发火,不能像成年人

那样控制自己的情绪”,故A项“伤害最亲近的人”正确。B项“避免说一些残忍的

话''与原文意思相反。C项”对他们的环境漠不关心”和D项“迷惑他们的父母”在原

文中并未提及,故选A。

38、WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect?

A^Whitematterhelpsconnectdifferentsectionsofthebrain.

B、Theorderofbrainmaturationisfromthebacktothefront.

C、Graymattervolumewillreachpeakjustaroundthebeginningofpuberty.

D、Whitemattermaydecreasebeyondtheendofpuberty.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:题干中没有关键词,这类细节题需要通过选项中的具体信息进行定

位。根据gray-matter(thestuffthatdoestheprocessing)volumepeaksaroundorjust

beforethebeginningofpuberty和whitematter(thestuffthathelpsconnectareasofthe

brain)increasesrightupto,andbeyond,theendofpuberty可知,大脑灰质在青春期

左右达到峰值,主要负责处理信息。大脑白质在青春期之后会逐渐增多,主要司

管人类脑部建立联系的能力,所以D项“白质可能会在青春期后减少”错误。A项

“白质可以帮助连接大脑的不同部位''、B项"大脑成熟的顺序是从后到前的”和C

项“灰质的体积将在青春期开始的时候达到峰值''原文中均有提及,故选Do

39、Withthematurityofthefrontlobe,teenagerswill.

A、plandriveanddrink

B、willavoidarguing

C>scheduletheirtimeefficiently

D、nevergetintofight

标准答案:C'

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章第五段。由该段可知,青少年大脑额叶发

育成熟之后,可以更好地安排时间,提前规划路线,控制情绪,避免纠纷。如果

未成熟时,有些行为若处理不当其结果是致命的,比如酒驾,故C项”有效地安排

他们的时间”与原文相符。A项”规划驾驶和饮酒”、B项“避免争吵”和D项“从不卷

入打斗”均与原文相反,故选C。

40、Theauthor'sattitudetowardskids'relianceontheirfriendsis.

A、positive

B、subjective

C、objective

D、skeptical

标准答案:C

知识点解析:根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段。作者指出青少年逐渐从父母身

边独立出来,与同辈们的关系更亲近。但是依赖朋友会使青少年受到来自同辈的压

力,所以作者对这种影响持中立态度,故C项“客观的”与原文相符。A项“积极

的”、B项“主观的”和D项“怀疑的”均与题意不符,故选C。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题,每题7.0分,共

5分。)

|A|AnElementalCurriculum|B]ExpectationsofEarlyTeachers|C]Educationasa

PreparationforWorkingLife|D]EscaladngTeacherExpectations|E(Teachersas

Cleaners[F]StudentsBeingClassroomResearchers[GJTeachingasaMirrorofSocial

faithInthelate1800sandearly1900s,teachingwasverydifferentfromtoday.Rulesfor

teachersatthetimeintheUSAcoveredboththeteacher'sdutiesandtheirconductoutof

classa

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