考研英语（一）模拟试卷130

考研英语（一）模拟试卷130

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

StrangethingshavebeenhappeningtoEngland.Still[1]fromthedissolutionofthe

empireintheyears[2]WorldWarH,nowtheEnglishfindtheyarenotevenBritish.

Asthecherished"UnitedKingdom"breaksintoits[3]parts,Scotsarcclearly[4]and

theWelsh,Welsh.ButwhoexactlyarctheEnglish?What'sleftofthem,witheverything

butthe[5]halfoftheirislandtakenaway?Goingbackintimeto[6]rootsdoesn't

help.FirstcametheCelts,thentheRomans,thenAngles,Saxons,Jutes,Danes.Invasion

afterinvasion,untiltheNormanConquest.Englishnationalidentityonlyseemedtofind

its[7]later,ontheshiftingsandsofexpansionism,fromElizabethantimesonwards.

Theempireseemedtosealit.Butnowthere'sjustEngland,[8]ofagreenislandinthe

northernseas,lashedbyrain,scarredbytwo[9]ofviciousindustrializationfallen

[10]dereliction,ruined,asD.H.Lawrencethought,by"thetragedyofugliness,"its

abominablearchitecture.OfallEnglishinstitutions,theoneto[11]onwouldsurelybe

thepub.SheltertoChaucer'spilgrims,hometoFalstaffandHal,throneoffelicitytoDr.

Johnson,thepub-thatsmoky,yeastydenofjollity-isthewombof[12],ifanywhereis.

Yetinthemidstofthisnational[13]crisis,thepub,themainstayofEnglishlife,astaff

driven[14]intothesumpofhistory,[15]astheSaxons,issuddenlydyingand

evolvingat[16]rates.Closingatsomethinglikearateofmorethanthreeaday,pubs

havebecome[17]enoughthatfbrthefirsttimesincetheDomesdayBook,morethan

halfthevillagesinEnglandnolongerhaveone.It'sararepubthatstill[18],oreven

limpson,bybeingwhatitwas[19]tobe:adrinkingestablishment.Theold[20]ofa

pubasaplacefora"session,"alengthy,restful,increasinglytipsyeveningofswigging,

isallbutdefunct.

1、

A、reeling

B、struggling

C、running

D、passing

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从本句后面的"nowtheEnglishfindtheyarenotevenBritish”切入，加

上“thedissolutionoftheempire”,可以知道句意是说英国现在仍沉浸在自己的帝国

迷梦中，A项和B项比较切合，但是B与介词from不搭配，故选A。

2、

A、before

B、followed

C、following

D^with

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据前面给出的本句句意，可以知道大英帝国的没落是从二战后开始

的，故排除A和D：B和C中应当选following,因为该句已经有谓语“find”，故排

除B。

3、

A^comprising

B>constituent

C、form

D^ingredient

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据前一句大英帝国没落的句意，再加上后面的Scollish和Welsh,

可以判断出是说联合王国分解为其组成部分，故选B。form应为fonningparts方为

正确。comprise不用于此类表述。

4、

A、Scotland

B、Scotch

C、Scottish

D、Irish

标准答案：C

知识点解析：结合本句句意，根据后半部分的“Welsh,Welsh”，可以判断Sco〔s应

对应Scottisho

5、

A、northern

B>western

C、eastern

D、southern

标准答案：D

知识点解析：前一句说English,那么考虑英伦三岛的地理分布，“英格兰人还有什

么呢，除了那个岛的部分，全都被拿走了?英格兰位于南部，故是

southerno

6、

A、look

trace

C、search

D、hunt

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句后面几句均在讲述历史，故可以推断出这一句是说“去历史中寻

根究底无济于事因此trace和search比较合适，look需要与for搭配方满足语法

要求，而trace更有追溯的意味，故选B。

7、

A、feet

B、resources

C、core

D^reflection

标准答案：A

知识点解析：前文说到“英格兰人到底是谁?”，是说英格兰对自己的身份认同有疑

惑之处,历史之前都是各外来民族的侵略，只有到了伊丽莎白时代，"English

nationalidentity”才得以确立，故应该是那时出现的根源，feet。resource做“资源”

讲，意思不符；core为叶亥心”，若选择core则说明在伊丽莎白时代之前已确立，与

句意不符；reflection为“反映”，这显然不是说只有在那个时候才有，而是一直反映

在英国人的日常生活当中。

8、

A、full

B、little

C、half

D、all

标准答案：C

知识点解析：和第五题类似。英格兰是在大不列颠岛的南部，占据大约一半的面

积，故选择halfo

9、

A、years

B>decades

C、centuries

D、periods

标准答案：C

知识点解析：关键点在于industrialization,工业化，工业革命。英国的工业革命从

18世纪后半叶开始，到现在200多年了，应该是iwoceniuries。decade是十年，时

间上不符合。

10、

A、from

B、out

C、away

D、into

标准答案：D

知识点解析:前述industrialization,后述dereliction和ruined,从这些词判断是一

个衰败没落的过程，也和前文意思契合，故应当是falleninto,进入某种状态。fall

away,有‘‘消失、离开''的意思；fallout做“发生”讲，fallfrom无此搭配。

11、

A、remember

B、count

C、raise

D^differentiate

标准答案：B

知识点解析：counion是指依靠、依赖和信赖。其他三个动词与on均不能搭配。

12、

A、Englishness

B、Britishness

C>Scottishness

D、Welshness

标准答案：A

知识点解析：“这是个孕育的地方，根据前文所述英格兰身份认同的问题，再加上

乔叟、福斯塔夫等英国文学作品中人物的出现，故可以判断为Englishness。

13、

A、identity

B、financial

C、economic

D、political

标准答案：A

知识点解析：同样根据前文判断，英格兰身份认同的问题，又有“Englishnational

identityonlyseemedtofinditsfeetlatef\故可以判断为nationalidentitycrisiso故答

案为A。后面三个选项在文中未有提及。

14、

A^up

B>down

C>right

D、left

标准答案：B

知识点解析：”一根插进历史污水坑的杖关键点在于sump,意为“污水坑；聚水

坑”，那么和选项中的介词搭配，只能是下，而非上和左右。故答案为B。

15、

A、historical

B>barbarian

C、old

D^remote

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这里的“a$Saxons”是修饰“Sumpofhistory”的，意当为久远，

remote和old应该都可以，但是remote完全不带感情色彩，仅仅强调时间上的距

离，而old有强调传承的意思，故old更佳。

16、

A、equal

different

C^unprecedented

D、fast

标准答案：A

知识点解析：木句前面的dying和evolving是两个意思相反的动词，一个是消亡，

另一个是进化，故在此强调二者步调一致地进行，因此选equal。

17、

A、enough

B、scarce

C、cheap

D、popular

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句前面说大约每天关闭三家，那么说明酒吧数量越来越少，因此应

该是scarceo

18、

A、thrives

B、closes

C、stands

D、exists

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题关键点在于“evenlimpson”。limp是跛行的意思，故limpson在

这里应作“勉强开下去”解，那么此之前空就应该作“生意红火''解，故选Ihrives,

stands和exists仅表示酒吧存在，没有“红火”的感情色彩。

19、

A、asked

born

C、meant

D、required

标准答案：C

知识点解析：冒号后面的adrinkingestablishment是为酒吧的本意，故应该是itwas

meanttobe,而不是被要求。Itwasborntobe也有相近的意思，但是born更有强调

本身意愿的意思，因此meant为佳。

20、

A、belief

idea

C、reflection

D^circumstance

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句后面解释的是酒吧本来应该用来做什么，故是人们对于酒吧的理

解，那么idea为最佳。至于belief,酒吧的地位还未到这一地步。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分，共20分。）

On-lineServiceTwitterInSeptember2008,Twitterco-founderBizStonesaidthe

companynevermettohammeroutbusinessmodel.Nobrainstormingsessions;no

scribblingsonawhiteboard;theentiresitewouldgodownforhoursatatime.Stoneand

histeamwerefartoobusycombatingthesite'srecurringproblemstoworryabouthowit

wouldeventuallysupportitself.Itappearsthatoverthepastyearandahalf.Twitterhas

managedtoscheduleafewmeetings.OnTuesday,itannouncedandoutlineditsstrategy

tomakemoney.ThemainpointisTwitter'sdecisiontomaskitsadsasactualtweets.

Ratherthanseeingabig,glossyimageadvertisingaFrappuccino,userswillseea

sponsoredStarbuckstweetthathypesthelatestFrappuccinollavor.It'sadmittedlya

smalldifference,butit'sonethatallowsTwittertobetruetothepastthreeyearsofits

developmentwhilesettingacourseforthenextthreeyears.Self-promotionisalways

whatTwitterhasdonebest.Professionalsfilltheirfeedswithlinkstotheirownwork.

Amateursrespondwithmundaneadvertisementsforthemselves.Companies,threatened

byallofthisself-branding,haverespondedinkind.Somebusinesseshavehundredsof

followers;nomatterthefollowercount,everytweetisashill.Facebookhasprovedhow

harditistoadvertiseagainstasocialnetwork.TheconcernisthatifTwitterbecomestoo

muchofasocialnetwork—andnotenoughofanaggregatoritwillrunintothesame

problem.Intheend,thesameadvertisingprinciplesthatexistonlineexistoffline.Twitter

isconvincedthewayitcanmakesureitsadsworkisbymakingsurethey're"resonant".

ThatwordwasalloverTwitter'sadannouncement,andit'ssuretobecomeanew

buzzwordfortheWeb.Twitter'sgeneralprincipleisthatit'sgoingtodisplayonlyads

thatusersliketheonesthatresonate.It'sgreatintheory,impossibletodoinpractice.If

StarbucksisspendinghundredsofthousandsofdollarsonIwitteradsbutitsTwitterads

areterrible,isTwitterreallygoingtotellStarbuckstotakebackitsmoney?

21、WhatissaidaboutTwitter'sbusinessmodel?

A、TherehasbeenacompletesetofbusinessmodelsinceTwitterwasestablished.

B、Twitter'semployeesareencouragedtohavebrainstormsforbetterbusinessmodel.

C、Twitterhasworkedoutdetailedbusinessmodelabouthowtosupportitself.

D^Withthepassageoftime.Twitterhasmanagedtoimproveitsbusinessmodel.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干关键词businessmodel定位到文章第I段第1

句和第4句：Twitterco-founderBizStonesaidthecompanynevermettohammerout

businessmodel.Itappearsthatoverthepastyearandahalf»Twitterhasmanagedto

scheduleafewmeetings.可知，推特公司的经营从全无章法发展到举行会议、研究

策略。

22、Whatisthecharacteristicof1wittcr'sads?

A、Twitter'sadsareactuallyhiddenamongordinarytweets.

B、Twitterpreferstousebigglossyimagestoattractpeople'sattention.

C>Twitter'sadsarcusuallysponsoredbybigcompanieslikeStarbucks

D、Afterthreeyears'trial,Twitterhasdecidedtochangeitsadsstyle.

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干关键词Twitter'sads定位到文章第2段第1

句：ThecenterpieceisTwitter'sdecisiontomaskitsadsasactualtweets.可知，推特

公司的广告是隐藏在微博中的。

23、WhatmakesTwittefsadswell-known?

A、Adswriterswouldliketopromotetheirownwork.

B、Professionaladswritershaveproducedmanycreativeads.

C>Manycompaniesprovidesupportsincetheycanbenefitfromtheads.

D、Aloloffollowersarewillingtobuyself-brandingproducts.

标准答案：A^」

知识点解析：语义分析题。根据题干关键词well-known定位到文章第3段第I

句：Self—promotionisalwayswhatTwitterhasdonebest.可知，自我推销是推特做

得最好的c题干中well—known是原文best的词义替换c

24、WhatistheproblemthatFacebookisfacedwith?

A、Lackofsocialsupport,itishardforFacebooktobecomepopular.

B、ItmeetsdifficultieswhenFacebookmakesadsinasocialnetwork.

C、FacebookmeetswithintensecompetitionfromnewrivalslikeTwitter.

D、ItisdifficultforFacebooktomakeadsonlinejustasoffline.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义分析题。根据题干关键词Facebook定位到文章第4段第1句：

Facebookhasprovedhowharditistoadvertiseagainstasocialnetwork.可知，

Facebook遇到的问题是在社交网站上做广告很难。［B］项中meetsdifficulties是原文

hard的同义替换。

25Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A、Twitterwouldliketomaketheword"resonant"apopularbuzzword.

B、Theadsthatareresonatedbymostusersarethebestones.

C>Twitter's"resonant"strategyisprovedtobesuccessful.

D^CompaniesmayrunariskiftheypayforTwitter'sads.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。由文章第5段最后一句IfStarbucksisspendinghundreds

ofthousandsof(dollarsonTwitteradsbutitsTwitteradsarelousy,isTwitterreally

goingtotellStarbuckstotakebackitsmoney?可知,在推特公司做广告,可能会有风

险。

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.Forquestions1—5,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereare

twoextrachoiceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Manyanimalspeciesare"cultural"inthe

sensethatindividualsacquireimportantbehaviorsandskillsfromgroupmatesviasocial

learning.Thus,whalessociallylearnsomehuntingtechniquesfromothers,capuchin

monkeyssociallylearnsomegrooming-typebehaviorsfromothers,andchimpanzees

acquiretheuseofsometoolsbyobservingthetool-useactivitiesofothersintheirsocial

group.Buthumancultureisclearlydifferent.Nonhumanprimate(andother

animal)culturcisessentiallyindividualistic,ormaybeevenexploitative.[RI].

Incontrast,humancultureandculturaltransmissionarefundamentallycooperative.

Synchronically,humansengageinmuchmorecooperativebehaviorintermsofsuch

thingsascollaborativeproblemsolvingandcooperativecommunication.Moreover,

humanindividualsliveinaworldinwhichthegroupexpectsthemtoconformtoits

particularconventionsandsocialnormsorelse![R2].Diachronically,this

cooperativewayoflivingtranslatesintoestablishedmembersofthegroupteaching

thingstoyoungsters,whonotonlylearnbutactivelyconform.[R3].Theresult

ishumanhandicraftsandsymbolsystemswith"histories,"so-calledcumulativecultural

evolution.Underlyinghumans'uniquelycooperativelifewaysandmodesofcultural

transmissionareasetofspecies-uniquesocial-cognitiveprocesses,whichwemayrefer

tocollectivelyasskillsandmotivationsforsharedintentionality.[R4].Skills

andmotivationsofsharedintentionalityaroseaspartofacoevolutionaryprocessin

whichhumansevolvedspecies-uniquewaysofoperating,indeedcooperating,within

theirownself-builtculturalworlds.Itmustbeemphasizedthattheevolutionary

dimensionofculturehighlightedhereisclearlyonlyoneaspectoftheprocess.[R5]

.Humancognitiveandmotivationaladaptationsforculturearcsimply

psychologicalenablingconditionsforthegenerationandmaintenanceofthespecific

culturalhandicraftsandpracticescreatedbyspecificculturalgroups-which,byall

appearances,areendlesslycreative.[A]Teachingandconformityaremaincontributorsto

thestabilityofculturalpracticesinagroupandpreciselybecauseofthisstability—to

theuniquewaysinwhichhumanculturalpracticesdevelopincomplexityoverhistorical

time.[B]Thatistosay,whenachimpanzeeindividualobservesanotherusingatooland

thenlearnssomethingthatfacilitatesherownuse,sheissimplygatheringinformation

thatisusefultoher-muchasshemightgatherinformationfromtheinanimateworld.

Theonebeingobservedmaynotevenknowthattheobserverisgatheringinformation

fromheractions.|C|Moreover,inexperimentalstudiesusing,forexample,theultimatum

game,humansinallculturesshowsomekindsofsocialnormsindistributingresources,

whereaschimpanzeesinanultimatumgamebehaveinanalmosttotallysclf-centercd

manner.［DJThcresultisasocietystructuredbycooperativelycreatedandenforced

conventionsandnormsforhowtobehaveasoneof"us",resultingultimatelyinrule-

governedsocialinstitutions.|E|Thespecificculturalpracticesandproductsgeneratedby

individualsinteractingwithoneanotherinculturalgroups-everythingfromspecific

linguisticconstructionstotechniquesforbuildingkayaksorskyscrapers—caninnoway

bereducedtobiology.［F］Theultimateoutcomeofsocialnormsinhumangroupsisthe

creationofsocialinstitutions,whoseexistenceisconstitutedbythecollectiveagreement

ofallgroupmembersthatthingsshouldbedoneinaparticularway.［GJThcseinvolve

suchthingsastheabilityandmotivationtoformsharedgoalsandintentionswithothers

incollaborativeactivities,andtheabilityandmotivationtoshareexperiencewithothers

viajointattention,cooperativecommunication,andteaching.

26、［RI］

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段首句指出，人类文化明显不同。这表明，下文将对“人类”和

“非人类物种”的文化特点进行比较。空格上文指出，“非人类物种''的文化在本质上

是以个人为中心的、利用性的。空格下文(第三段)开始分析"人类”文化的特点C空

格处于第二段末，应该与上文保持一致，继续分析“非人类物种”的文化特点。［B］

选项以非人类物利i黑猩猩”为例指出，该物种在礼会性学习过程中只关注对自己有

用的信息，而完全意识不到对方的身份。这说明该物种的文化是以自我为中心的，

其社会性学习也是以实际利用为目的的。其中，facilitatesherownuse和issimply

gatheringinformationthatisusefultoher是对空格上文individualistic,exploitative的

具体阐述。故该选项正确。［C］选项有干扰，也对比了“人类”和“非人类物种”在文

化上的差异。但由上文空格处语境分析可知，作者从第三段才开始分析人类文化的

特点，而［C］选项过早提到了这一信息，与下文无法衔接；另外，［C］选项句首的

Moreover与空格上文也无法衔接。

27、［R2］

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第三段首句指出，人类文化在本质上是合作性的，随即对这一观点展

开具体阐述。空格上文从“横向角度(SynchronicaHy)”进行分析，空格下文(第四段)

从“纵向角度(Diachroni—cally)”展开分析。空格处于第三段末，应该与其上文保持

一致，继续从“横向角度”分析人类文化的合作性特点。［D］选项承接上文(人类参与

合作性活动，集体也要求成员们遵守特定惯例和社会规范)指出，其结果是形成了

一个由社会成员共同制定并强制执行的一系列惯例和规范构成的社会。其中，

cooper—ativelycreatedandenforcedconventionsandnorms是对上文cooperative

behavior以及expectsthemtoconformtoitsparticularconventionsandsocialnorms的

高度概括。另外，［D］选项入选后在结构上与第四段末句形成对应，都以theresult

is…结尾。［F］选项有干扰，也出现了空格上文的关犍信息“社会规范(socialnoons)”

和“集体认同(collectiveagreement)”。但空格上文提到了两个关键词“特定惯例

(particularconventionsy\"社会规范(socialnorms)”，而该选项只提到了其中一个

“社会规范(socialnorms)”，不够全面，故予以排除。

28、［R3］

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格上文指出，合作的生活方式造就了一批德高望重的社团成员，他

们向年轻人“传授”社会规范和技能，年轻人则学习并积极“遵从空格下文指出，

结果是形成了各个历史时期的手工制品和符号系统，即所谓的累积文化演进。［A］

选项指出，传授和遵从是保证社团文化习惯的稳定性及复杂化的主要力量。该选项

承接了上文话题“传授和遵从”，并引出新的话题“文化习俗的稳定性及逐步复杂

化”，为下文总结做好准备。其中，Teachingandconformity是对上文teaching

thingstoyoungsters和activelyconform的同义复现,overhistoricaltime对应首句中

Diachronically和末句中his—lories,developincomplexity对应末句中cumulative

culturalevolutiono

29、［R4］

标准答案：G

知识点解析：空格上文引出了“共享意向性的技能和动机”这一全新概念。空格下文

承接该话题指出，“共享意向性的技能和动机”是作为共演化过程的一部分而出现

的。如果删去空格内容，其上下文依然能顺畅衔接，这说明空格处内容并未将话题

往前推进，极有可能只是对这一全新概念进行了解释。［G］完全符合这一语境。首

先，该选项显然是在举例说明某个概念，其中两个iheabilityandmoiivaiion对应，

文skillsandmotivations：sharedgoalsandintentions和shareexperiencewithothers对

应上文sharedintentionality：collaborativeactivities和jointattention,cooperative

communication,andteaching共同对应上文cooperativelifewaysandmodesofcultural

transmissiono其次，skillsandmotiva—tions在形式上也符合［G］选项these的指代要

求。

30、［R5］

标准答案：E

知识点解析：空格卜文指出，本文所涉及的进化角度只是文化共演化过程的一个方

面。这说明作者认为，一个社会的文化所涉内容比较复杂，可从多个角度加以考

察，而不局限于本文的进化视角。空格下文指出，人类对文化的认知和动机适应只

是创造和保存文化的心理条件。［E］选项首先承接上文，进一步阐述首句观点：个

体在文化群落中互相交流所创造的文化习俗和产品绝不能被简化为生物学问题。其

中,caninnowaybereducedto对应上文onlyoneaspectoffbiology对应the

evolution—arydimensiono其次，［E］选项为下文的转折收篇做好准备，由caninno

waybereducedtobiology转至aresimplypsychologicalenablingconditionso

Peoplecangetemotionalaboutimmigration.BillO'Reilly,atalk-showhost,devoteda

recentsegmenttothestoryofanillegalalienwhogotdrunkandaccidentallykilledtwo

attractivewhilegirlswithhiscar.Ifonlyhehadbeendeportedforprevious

misdemeanours,Mr.O'Reillyraged,thosegirlswouldstillbealive.Anothertalk-show

host,GeraldoRivera,duringanon-airshout-joust（争吵）withMr.O'Reilly,denounced

hisdemagogicchoiceofstory-angleas"asin".PresidentGeorgeBushtriedagainthis

weektobringamorerationaltonetothedebate.HeurgedthenewDemocraticCongress

torevivetheimmigrationreformsthattheoldRepublicanCongresskilledlastyear.His

proposalwasbroadlythesameasbefore.Hesaidhewantedtomakeithardertoenter

Americaillegally,buteasiertodosolegally,andtoofferapathtocitizenshipforthe

estimated12millegalswhohavealreadysnuckin.Thefirstpartfacesfewpolitical

hurdlesandisalreadywellunderway.Mr.Bushexpectstohavedoubledthenumberof

BorderPatrolagentsbytheendofnextyear.Thenewrecruitsarebeingtrained.Andto

defendagainsttheinvadinglegionsofwould-begardenersandhotelcleaners,thefrontier

isalsoequippedwithhigh-techmilitarygizmos（〃、发明），suchasunmannedspyplanes

withinfra-red（红外）cameras.Thismaybehavingsomeeffect.Mr.Bushboastedthatthe

numberofpeoplecaughtsneakingovertheborderhadfallenbynearly30%thisyear.

AndthecontroversialpartofMr.Bush'simmigrationpackage-allowingmore

immigrantsinandofferingthosealreadyinAmericaachancetobecomelegal-isstill

justaplan.HouseRepublicanssquasheditlastyear.Mr.Bushsensesasecondchance

withthenewDemocraticCongress,butDemocrats,likeRepublicans,arcsplitonthe

issue.Some,notablyTedKennedy,thinkAmericashouldembracehard-working

migrants.Othersfretthathard-workingmigrantswillundercutthewagesofthenative-

born.Mr.Bushwouldliketoseethepro-immigrantwingsofbothpartiesworktogether

togivehimabillhecansign.TheSenateisexpectedtosqueezeinadebatenextmonth.

Theadministrationistryingtoenticelaw-and-orderRepublicansonboard;arecent

leakedmemotalkedofsubstantialfinesforillegalsbeforetheycanbecomelegaland"

muchbigger"finesforemployerswhohirethembeforetheydo.Ihebiggesthurdle,

however,maybetheDemocrats'reluctancetoco-operatewithMr.Bush.Somefigure

that,ratherthanlettingtheirhatedadversarysharethecreditforfixingtheimmigration

system,theyshouldstalluntilaDemocratisintheWhiteHouseandthentakeitall.So

thereisaselfishaswellasamoralargumentformakingadeal.

31、Theword"misdemeanours”（Line3,ParagraphI）canbereplacedby.

A、severecrimes.

homicide.

C、misbehaviors.

D、nonsensedoings.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：为语义理解题。文中写道”如果他（非法移民）由于以前行为不检点被

驱逐出境的话，那两个女孩就不会死去二因此"misdemeanours”显然不会是杀人或

是严重犯罪，如果那样肯定早因犯罪被判刑驱逐，因此排除A和B。正确答案是

C,不检点行为。

32、WhichofthefollowingisproposedbyMr.Bush?

A、MakingitharderforimmigrantstoenterAmericabothlegallyandillegally.

B、Carryingoutsubstantialfineforillegalsbeforetheycanbecomelegal.

C、SettingupmoreBorderPatrolagentsbytheendofthisyear.

D、Allowingmoreimmigrantsinandofferingthemachancetobecomelegal.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：为推理判断题。布什在议案中说的是”让非法移民进入美国更困难，

让合法移民进入美国更容易二而不是“同样困难”，因此A项错误。B项是谈话备

忘录中的内容，见文章倒数第2段，而不是布什的建议。C项错在文章中说的是”

直到明年年底，建立更多的边防站”而不是“今年年底”。所以此题选D。

33、SomeDemocratsopposetoTedKennedy,becausetheybelievethat.

A、Americashouldencouragethecomingofhard-workingmigrants.

B、hard-workingmigrantswillmakethenativesenjoylesssalary.

C、diligentmigrantswillsnatchmorejobsfromnatives.

D、migrantswillundercuttheworkingconditionsofthenative-born.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：为细节理解题。文章倒数第3段最后两句说：“以特德.肯尼迪为代表

的一派认为美国能够包容勒奋工作的移民，而另一派认为移民会降低美国当地人的

工资收入”。很明显，选项中只有B符合题意。

34、Accordingtothetext,Mr.Bush'splanwasopposedby.

A、BillO'Reilly.

B、GeraldoRivera.

CsTedKennedy.

D、thepro-immigrantwings.

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：为细节理解题。Bill。，Reilly对非法移民撞死女孩的事件颇为反感。

GeraldoRivera反对BillO'Reilly过激的言论。TedKennedy和Peopleinthepro­

immigrantwings很显然是支持布什的一派。备选答案中A和B是矛盾的。综观全

文可知，布什对待移民的态度是缓和的，因此选择言论行为过激的A。

35TheDemocratsarehesitanttosupportMr.Bushonthisissueinthat.

A、theplanwillbeofnovaluetotheDemocrats.

B、thisissueinvolvespoliticalcompetitionbetweenparties.

C^theywanttowaitforademocraticpresidenttoimprovetheplan.

D、theythinkitisselfishforMr.Bushtocarryouttheplan.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：为推理判断题。从最后一段可知：”据某些人士表示，民主党人大想

在解决移民问题上让他们的死对头共和党分享荣誉，他们要等到民主党人人住白宫

后再彻底解决这个问题，以独揽成果。所以在达成协议时，既会掺杂私人集团利益

又会考虑社会道德要求”。因此答案为B。

Acidrain,whichisaformofairpollution,currentlybecomesasubjectofgreatdebate

becauseofwidespreadenvironmentaldamageforwhichithasbeenblamed.Itforms

whenoxidesofsulfurandnitrogencombinewithatmosphericmoisturetoyieldsulfuric

andnitricacids,whichmaythenbecarriedlongdistancesfromtheirsourcebeforethey

dropintheformofrain.Thepollutionmayalsotaketheformofsnoworfogorfalldown

indryforms.Infact,althoughtheterm"acidrain"hasbeeninuseformorethana

century—itisderivedfromatmosphericstudiesthatweremadeintheregionof

Manchester,England—themoreaccuratescientifictermwouldbe'aciddeposition.The

dryformofsuchdepositionisjustasdamagingtotheenvironmentastheliquidform.

TheproblemofacidrainoriginatedwiththeIndustrialRevolution,andithasbeen

growingeversince.Theseverityofitseffectshaslongbeenrecognizedinlocalsettings,

asexemplifiedbythespellsofacidsmoginheavilyindustrializedareas.Thewidespread

destructivenessofacidrain,however,hasbecomeevidentonlyinrecentdecades.One

largeareathathasbeenstudiedextensivelyisnorthernEurope,whereacidrainhas

erodedstructures,injuredcropsandforests,andthreatenedlifeinfreshwaterlakes.In

1984,forexample,environmentalreportsindicatedthatalmosthalfofthetreesin

Germany'sBlackForesthadbeendamagedbyacidrain.ThenortheasternUnitedStates

andeasternCanadahavealsobeenparticularlyaffectedbythisformofpollution;damage

hasalsobeendetectedinotherareasofthesecountriesandotherregionsoftheworld.

Industrialemissionshavebeenblamedasthemajorcauseofacidrain.Becausethe

chemicalreactionsinvolvedintheproductionofacidrainintheatmospherearecomplex

andasyetlittleunderstood,industrieshavetendedtochallengesuchassessmentsandto

stresstheneedforfurtherstudies;andbecauseofthecostofpollutionreduction,

governmentshavetendedtosupportthisattitude.StudiesreleasedbytheUSgovernment

intheearly1980s,however,stronglyindicatedindustriesasthemainsourceofacidrain,

intheeasternUSandCanada.

36、Fromthefirstsentenceofthepassage,welearnthat

A、acidrainhascausedairpollution

B、acidrainhascausedwidespreadenvironmentaldamage

C>acid,rainhasbecomeamuchstudiedsubject

D、acidraintravelsinalldirectionsbeforeitrainsdov/n

标准答案:B

知识点解析•：第一段第一句指出，酸雨是空气污染的一种形式，由于其所造成的普

遍环境损害，最近人们对它展开了激烈的争论。

37、Acidfog

A、fallsdownwhentheatmosphereismoist

B、isnotasfrequentasucidrain

C、oftenfallsintheregionofManchester,England

D、isasdamagingasacidrain

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第一段第三句指出，污染同样会以雪、雾等干燥的形式降落地面。最

后一句指出，干燥形式的沉积物对环境的损害与液体形式一样。

38、Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout

A、theoriginofacidrain

B、thecauseofacidrain

C、theformadon.ofacidrain

D、thewidespreaddamageofacidrain

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段第三句概括了本段内容：然而，酸雨对环境的广泛破坏在近几

年很明显。

39、Whyisacidrainlittleunderstood?

A^Becauseitisanewphenomenon

B、Becauseitisnotfrequentenough

C、Becauseitsiormationiscomplex

D、Becauseitisdifficulttostudyit

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第三段第二句指出，由于大气中酸雨形成的化学反应很复杂，几乎不

为人们所了解。

4。、Governments

A、denythatindustriescausesacidrain

B、admitthattheyareonlypartlyresponsible

C>claimthattheyarcthemainsourcesofpollution

D、thinkthatthecauseofacidrainneedsfurtherstudy

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第三段第二句后半句指出，由于减少环境污染的高成本，政府倾向于

支持企业的观点，即做进一步的研究。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题/.0分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof【hegaps.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Confrontedwithasinksuddenlyleakingwatermany

homeownershaveneithertheknowledgenorthematerialstomaketherepairthemselves.

Inchoosingaplumbertheygenerallyhavetorelyonsomesortofsignalofquality.A

recommendationfromastrangerhelps;arecommendationfromasensibleneighbourcan

helpevenmore;prior,directexperienceisbestofall.Governmentregulatorscanbesaid

tobepermanentlyinneedofplumbers.Facedwitharapidlychangingmarketand

technologicaladvances-offinancialinstruments,medicaltherapies,agricultural

methods,software—theregulatoryagencieshavetomakedecisionsquickly.41.

JerryKirn,anassistantprofessorofbusinessatColumbiaUniversity,wantedtotestthe

relationshipbetweenreputationandregulatorytreatmentattheFoodandDrug

Administration(FDA).Helookedat884NewDrugApplications(NDAs)submittedto

theFDAforapprovalbetween1990and2004.Afirm'sreputation,inthiscase,depended

notonits