专题02阅读理解（说明文）-备战2023年高考英语母题题源解密（原卷版）

专题02阅读理解(说明文)【母题来源一】2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）【母题题文】Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstepaccordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions. B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround. D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor. B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole. D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee. B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys. D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners【母题来源二】2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（乙卷）【母题题文】TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【母题来源三】2022年全国高考新高考I卷【母题题文】Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【课程标准解读】阅读理解是高考英语试题的重点，是考查学生语篇阅读能力、语言意识、英语语感的重要题型。在全国各省市的高考英语阅读理解题中，说明文所占比重尤为突出。它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。【命题意图】说明文通常是使用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。它通常运用举例、对比、分类、引用、演绎、归纳等方法，按照时间、空间或事物发展的逻辑顺序进行介绍和说明。通过对实体事物（如仪器、产品、自然环境）的解说，或对抽象事理（如概念、原理、定律）的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得相关的知识。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、操作指南等。【考试方向】阅读理解主要测试考生理解主旨与要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、做出判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度等的能力。说明文的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义推断题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题，其中事实细节题和推理判断题居多。下文将介绍考生在解题过程中容易出现的问题和相应的策略。【得分要点】（一）增加外刊积累、避免思维定式高考英语阅读很大一部分选自国外的网站、报纸、杂志等，时效性和话题性比较突出。因此，考生要熟悉外刊的文章特点、常用写作技巧、话题相关的文化背景知识等相关信息，消除文化隔阂、文化差异造成的理解困难和理解偏差。比如，外刊的标题一般简短概括，非常精练。为了使语句短小而生动、醒目，所使用的词语和句子必须压缩到最精练的程度，这就要求必须有独特的撰写方式。除了大家熟知的省略、缩写等方式，还常常引用或套用名言、典故、谚语和文学著作，运用押韵等修辞手法。这一点是很多考生，甚至是教师的认识盲点。尤其是科普类说明文，很多人对它的认识仅仅停留在标题是文章中心的简单概括，而忽视了它可能采用的修辞手法或者引用或套用所涉及的文化背景知识。（二）关注句间衔接，紧扣段落中心英语文章中有大量的词汇是作者用来联系句子的，从而使整篇文章前后贯通、语义明确。标志词（signalwords）就是表明句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，具有词义、语法结构标志作用的词或词组。句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。如表示列举的词：forexample，forinstance;表罗列的词：first，second，third，tobeginwith，toconclude;表转折的词：however，but，whereas;表示原因的词：because，since，as;表示结果的词：so，therefore，thus，consequently，asaresult;表示对照的词：onthecontrary，bycontrast，incomparison;表示目的的词：sothat，inorderthat等。标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。（三）把握文章结构，理清作者思路说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（description）（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法（causeandeffect）、问题与对策法（problemandsolution）。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。在阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。如果文章中含有小标题、副标题等，在概括全文主旨大意和写作目的时需要重点考虑。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，虽然，说明文抽象度高，解题难度较大，但是，只要考生掌握说明文的文章特点、篇章结构、作者的行文脉络和叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，对其做出准确的语意理解，轻松解题便水到渠成。1.（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）NewYork-basedEcovativehasbeencreatingenvironmentallyfriendlypackagingmadefrommushroomsandagriculturalwastesince2009.Now,thecompanywantstobringtheiramazingmaterialintohomesandofficeswithanewlineofcompostable(可堆肥的)furnishingsthataregrownusingjustthreematerials:mycelium(thevegetativepartofmushrooms),hemp(麻类植物),andsalt.Whilecreatinghardmaterialfrommushroomsmightsoundmagical,thecompany’sCEOEbenBayersaysitisarelativelylow-techprocessandcomparesitto“makingbread”.Thecompanybeginsbyaddingafewmyceliumcellstodamphemporotheragriculturalwaste.Themyceliumthatgrowslikelittlehairsisallowedtotwistwiththewasteuntileverythingis”glued“together.Thecombinationisthenmixedagainandplacedintothedesiredmold(模具)whereitcontinuestogrowandharden.Theresultingmaterialisthenbakedintheoven.Inadditiontomakingitasstrongaswood,theheatalsokillsthemycelium,thusgivingthecompostablematerialasimilarshelflifetowood.Also,thoughthetabletopsofthestylishTaflandKing’stablesreleasedattherecentlyheldBiofabricate2016conferenceinNewYorkCityresemblemarble,theyarefarfromit.TheperfectlycarvedblocksaremadeofamaterialgrownbyaNorthCarolina-basedcompanynamedbioMASONusinggrainsofsandsandbacteria.Asyouhaveprobablyguessed,thiswaste-freefurnituredoesnotcomecheap.Customerscanexpecttopayanywherefrom$249USDfortheTaflto$699USDfortheKing’stable,bothofwhichareonlyavailableinlimitedquantities.ThosethatcannotaffordthosepricescanchoosecheaperGIY(growityourself)onesmadeofvariousproductsrangingfromChristmastreedecorationstolampshades.9．WhydidEbencomparemakinghardmaterialstomakingbread?A．Theirrawmaterialsarethesame. B．Theirproductappearancesarealike.C．Theirproductionprocessesaresimple. D．Theirproductioncostsarerelativelylow.10．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Themethodofmakingmushroomshard. B．Howtomakemushroomfurniturematerials.C．Whatareneededtomakemushroomfurniture. D．Thedifficultiesofmakingmushroomfurniture.11．WhatcanwelearnaboutTaflandKing’stables?A．Theyareinlimitedsupply. B．TheyareofferedinGIYforms.C．Theyconsistmainlyofmarble. D．TheyaredesignedbybioMASON.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheInventionofNewKindsofFurnitureB．TheFirstSaleofFurnitureMadeofMushroomsC．ScientistsFoundNewMaterialtoMakeFurnitureD．FutureFurnitureMayBeGrownfromMushrooms2.（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Insteadofahumandeliveryman,BeijingresidentXiaoWeireceivedhisonlineorderfordailynecessitiesinlessthan30minutesfromanunmanneddeliveryvehicle.Thefour-wheeledvehiclenamed“magicbag”is1.56metershigh,2.77meterslong,and1.19meterswide.Weighing500kg,itcancarryabout100kgofgoodsatatimeandrunadistanceof100kmonasinglechargewithamaximumtravelingspeedof20kph.AftercustomersplaceordersontheMeituanapp,anintelligentdistributionsystemwillassignorderstothoseautonomousvehicles,whichwillpickupanddelivergoodstopick-upstationsatthefinaldestinations.Customerscancollectthedeliveryfromthestationswithoutanyhumancontactduringthewholeprocess,saidMeituanDianping,China’smajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform.“Icancheckthereal-timerouteofthedriverlessvehicle.Itisfast,convenientandsafeaswell,”saidXiao.“ThisisalsothefirsttimethatMeituanhasusedunmannedvehiclestocompletedeliveryordersonopenroads.”Meanwhile,accordingtoMeituan,dailysalesonitsretailgroceryserviceapphaveincreasedby200to300percentinBeijingcomparedtofiguresfrombeforetheepidemic.Thecatering（餐饮）chainbrandXiaohengDumplingshascooperatedwithanunmannedvehicleenterprisetopilotunmannedvehicledeliveryservicesinBeijing.LiHeng,thefounderofXiaohengDumplings,believesunmanneddeliveryisthefutureoftheindustryasitiscleaner,saferandmoreefficient.“Anunmannedvehiclecandeliver300to400mealsaday,whileadeliverymancanonlydeliverdozensofmeals,”Lisaid.Xiaoheng’sunmannedvehicleshaveaheatpreservationfunction.Anewtypeofvehiclewithafreezingfunctionwillbeintroducedinthefuturetodeliverfrozenfood.MeituanandXiaohengwillcontinuetheunmanneddeliveryserviceinthefuture.Morevarietiesofgoods,includingfood,medicine,anddailynecessities,willbeaddedtosuchdeliveryservices.13．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Theoriginofdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.B．Theintroductionofdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.C．Thereasonforusingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.D．Thebackgroundofcreatingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.14．Whatarecustomersrequiredtodotoplaceorders?A．Contactthefooddeliveryplatform.B．Collectgroceriesatthepick-upstation.C．DownloadaMeituanapp.D．Trackthereal-timerouteofthevehicle.15．WhatisLiHeng’sattitudetowardsunmanneddeliveryvehicles?A．Favorable. B．Suspicious. C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.16．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Driverlessvehicleshavebeeninoperationinmanycities.B．Moretypesofgoodswillbedeliveredbydriverlessvehicles.C．Driverlessvehiclescanhandgoodstothecustomersdirectly.D．Meituanisexperiencingahugelaborshortageofdelivering.3.2022·福建厦门·模拟预测Ourplanetishometomanyradioactivesubstances-notjustinisgeologicinnardsbutalsoinitshospitals,atitsindustrialsitesandinitsfoodprocessingplants.InColorado,forinstance,27buildingshousescary-soundingchemicalelementssuchascesium137andcobalt60.Thesematerialsarenotthereforriskypurposes,though.Theyplayapartincancertreatment,bloodirradiation,medicalandfoodsterilization,structureandequipmenttesting,geologicexploration,etc.Theradioactivematerialisnotalwaysbadinablackand-whiteway:itcanbeausefultool.Theraysgivenoffbycesiumandcobaltcankillgermsmultiplyinginyourmeatandmakeyourappleslastlonger.Radiographicinstrumentscandetect,say,cracksinacity’spipesinasimilarwaytoanx-raypickingupahairlinefractureinyourknee.Apracticecalled“welllogging”usessealedradioactivesourcestomapthegeologyofholesoilseekersdrillintotheearth.Andofcourse,radiationiskeytocancertreatment.Theriskarisesbecausethesameradioactivematerialthatisbeneficialcouldalsobestolenormisplacedandfinditswayintotraffickingringsordirtybombs.Itmightalsobarnworkersifsomethingaccidentallygoeswrongduringanormalnine-to-fiveday.In2017alone,accordingtoareportfromtheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudies,therewere171“incidentsofnuclearorotherradioactivematerialsoutsideofregulatorycontrol”basedonopensourcereports,104ofwhichhappenedintheU.S.AninitiativecalledRadSecure100waslaunchedtoremoveandbettersecureenergeticmaterialin100U.S.cities.“Whereisthemosthigh-riskmateriallocatedaroundthemostpeople?”saysEmilyAdams,deputydirectorofadomesticprogramintheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.“Andthat’showwegotour100.”17．Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinparagraph1?A．Radioactivesubstancescanwarmourplanet.B．Foodprocessingdoesharmtoworkersinplants.C．Theradioactivematerialisbasicallyeverywhere.D．It’shardtoremovescary-soundingelementsinbuildings.18．Whydoestheauthormention“welllogging”inparagraph2?A．Tomakeasummary. B．Toraiseaquestion.C．Toprovideacontrast. D．Tosupportanidea.19．WhatisRadSecure100intendedfor?A．Makinguseofenergeticsubstances. B．Ensuringsafetyoftheradioactivematerial.C．Warningpeopleofthemosthigh-riskmaterial D．ProtectingtheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.20．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheradioactivematerial?A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Disapproval. D．Carefree.4.（2022·吉林·东北师大附中模拟预测）Whatmakesasportseventawinner?Excitingaction?Tick.Athletescompetingtowinhonourandgloryfortheirclubormotherland?Tick.Historyandtradition?Tick.Delicioussnacks?Tick.MostpeoplethinkglobaleventssuchastheOlympicGamesandtheWorldCuparethemostexciting,butthereissomeseriouscompetition.Here’salookatsomeofthehottestticketsinsports.TheWorldSeriesTheWorldSeriesisthefinalchampionshipoftheAmericanbaseballleagues.Theseven-gameseriesisplayedinOctoberorNovemberandattractsagreatnumberoffans.BaseballisoneofAmerica’sfavouritesportsandhasmanytraditions,suchasthe"seventh-inningstretch(七局伸展操)".Thesong"TakeMeOuttotheBallGame"isplayedsothateveryonecangetupaftersittingforalongtime.Thebreakisalsoagoodtimeforasnack.Hotpeanutsareahitwithhungrybaseballfans,butthehotdogistherealwinner!IndianPremierLeagueCricketisfromEnglandbuthasbecomeasIndianassarisandcurry.TheIndianPremierLeaguehasthelargestaudienceofallcricketleaguesintheworldandisthesixthmost-watchedsportsleagueintheworld.Cricketisauniquesportandmayseemalittleconfusingatfirst,butonceyoustartlearningtherules,you’llloveit.Themostpopularcricketsnacksarefingerfoodslikebiscuitsandcucumbersandwiches.WimbledonWimbledonisatreatforalltennisfans.Thetournamentstartedin1877andmanyoftherulesarethesametoday.Forexample,theplayersmayonlywearwhiteclothes.Theevent,however,isquitecolourfulsincefansoftendressupforthegamesandwearamazinghats.Andwhenitcomestosnacks,it’s"game,set,andmatch"atWimbledon.Whereelsecanyouenjoychampagneandstrawberriesasyoucheerforthechampion?8.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTanattractionofthesportsevents?A.Historyandtradition. B.Competingathletes. C.Prizemoney. D.Excitingaction.9.WhatisthemostpopularsnacksforfansoftheWorldSeries?A.Hotpeanuts. B.Hotdogs. C.Strawberries. D.Cucumbersandwiches.10.Whicheventhasastrictclothingrequirementforplayers?A.Wimbledon B.TheWorldSeries C.IndianPremierLeagueD.Noneoftheabove5.（2022·天津·一模）Whileitmaybecommonplace,snubbingone’sfriendscanhaveseriousimpactsonrelationships,andthereareavarietyoffactorsthatmaydriveindividualstoignoretheirfriendsinfavorofanelectronicscreen,accordingtoanewUniversityofGeorgiastudy.Thestudyrevealspositiveassociationsbetweendepressionandsocialanxietyandincreasingsnubbing:depressedpeoplearelikelytosnubtheirfriendsmorefrequently,andsociallyanxiouspeople,whopreferonlinesocialinteractions,mightalsoexhibitmoresnubbingbehavior.Thesepeoplearereallysensitivetotheirmessages.Witheachbuzzorsound,theyconsciouslyorunconsciouslylookattheirphones.Thedevice’svariousapplicationsarekeydriverscontributingtothisdynamic.Thefindingalsoshowsthatagreeableindividualshavealowerinstanceofsnubbinginthepresenceoftheirfriends.Peoplewhohaveagreeablenessasapersonalityfeaturetendtoshowcooperative,politeandfriendlybehaviorsintheirinterpersonalrelationshipsandsocialsettings.Thoughagreeablepeoplemayprioritizestrongfriendships,anexploratorystudyrevealstheyarealsomorelikelytoturntophonesinthepresenceofthreeormorepeople.Thatdynamicmayinfluencethespreadofsnubbinginthecontextofaworkenvironment.“It’sironicthatwhilesomanypeoplebelievethatsnubbingbehaviorisrude,theystilldoit,”Sunsaid.“Amajorityofpeoplesnubothers,andinagroup,itmayseemOK,becauseit’sjustme,thespeakerdoesn’tnoticeI’musingthephone.Thenumberofpeopleinagroupcanbeonereason.”Alternately,disablingorturningoveraphonecanindicateashowofrespectforasituationandfocusonaperson.That,too,isasignal—IamlisteningtowhatyouaresayingandIamfocusingonyou.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“snubbing”inparagraph1mean?A.ignoring B.depressing C.respecting D.suspecting12.Whatcancausesnubbingbehavior?A.Socialrequirements. B.Unhealthymentalcondition.C.Frequentsocialinteractions. D.Limitedcommunicationdevices.13.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheagreeablepeople?A.Theyareinsensitivetophonemessages.B.Theyaremorelikelytosnubtheirfriends.C.Theyattachimportancetofirmfriendships.D.Theygetaccustomedtogroupswithmorepeople.14.Whydosomepeoplecontinuesnubbingbehavioreveniftheyknowit’srude?A.Themajorityareusingphones.B.Theydon’tliketheenvironment.C.Thespeakerdoesn’tcareaboutit.D.Theythinktheywillgounnoticed.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowsnubbingbehaviorscanbeavoidedB.WhypeoplesnubtheirfriendswiththeirphonesC.WhypeopleareaddictedtophonemessagesD.Howphonesinfluencepeople’ssocialinteractions6.（2022·福建·二模）Byexaminingtinyvessels(血管)insideaperson’seyes,doctorsmightonedaybeabletopredictthatperson’sriskofearlydeath,accordingtoanewstudy.Pastresearchhadshowntheretina(视网膜),light-sensitivelayersofnervetissueatthebackoftheeye,asapossibleindicatorofaperso