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考研英语(二)模拟试卷78

一、完型填空(本题共20题,每题7.0分,共20分。)

Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmcmorj\right?Dana

Denisisjust40yearsold.but[Cl]she'sworriedaboutwhatshecalls"my

rollingmentalblackouts.*'MItrytoremembersomethingandIjustblankout,"shesays.

Youmay[C2]abouttheselapses,callingthem"seniormoments"orblaming"

earlyAlzheimer's(老年痴呆症)Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,the

[C3]youremember?Well,sortof.Butastimegoesby,wetendtoblameage

[C4]problemsihatarcnotnecessarilyage-rclatcd."Whenateenagercan'tfind

herkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized,"saysPaulGold."A70-

year-oldblamesher[C5].'*Infact,the70-year-oldmayhavebeen[C6]

thingsfordecades.Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tworsenas[C7]as

manyofusthink."Aswe[C8],thememorymechanismisn't[C9]

sayspsychologistFergusCraik."It'sjustinefficient.Thebrain'sprocessing[CIO]

slowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactly[Cl1]Recent

researchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyand[C12]there'slessactivity

inthebrain.But,cautionsBarryGordon,"ICsnotclearthatlessactivityis【Cl3】

.Abeginningathleteiswinded(气喘吁吁)moreeasilythana[C14]

athlete.Inthesameway,[C15]thebraingetsmoreskilledatatask.it

expendslessenergyonit.Thereare[C16]youcantaketocompensatefor

normalslippageinyourmemorygears,thoughit[C17]effort.MargaretSewell

says;"We'reaquick-fixculture,butyouhaveto[CI8]tokeepyourbrain

[C19]shape.It'slikehavingagoodbody.Youcan'tgotothegymonceayear

[C20]expecttostayintopform."

1、[Cl]

A、almost

seldom

C、already

D、never

标准答案:C

知识点解析:副词辨析。本句的意思是“DanaDenis刚刚40岁,但是已经开始担心

她所谓的起伏的记忆力衰退问题了。"C项already意为“已经”,符合题意,为止确

答案。A项almost意为“几乎”,B项seldom意为“很少”,D项never意为“从未”,

都不合题意。

2、[C2]

A、joke

laugh

C、blame

D、criticize

标准答案:A

知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“你也许会拿这些小失误开玩笑joke

aboutsth.是习惯搭配,意为“拿……开玩笑”,A项符合题意,为正确答案。B项

laugh后面跟介词at,laughat意为“因...发笑,嘲笑”,C项blame(责备)以及D

项criticize(批评)都是及物动词,所以B、C和D项都不合题意。

3、[C3J

A^much

B、little

C、more

D、less

标准答案:D

知识点解析:固定句型。lhe+比较级...,lhe+比较级是固定句型,意为

“越……,越……”,所以A项和B选项可以直接排除。句中所要表达的意思是“人

越老,记忆力就越差'、,所以D项为正确答案。

4、[C4]

A、since

B、for

C、by

D、because

标准答案:B

知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“随着时间的流逝,我们倾向于把和年龄没

有必然联系的一些问题归咎于年龄Lblamesb.forsth.是一个习惯搭配.意为

“因某事责备某人,把某事的责任归咎于某人“,所以B项为正确答案。

5、[C5]

A、memory

B、mind

C、trouble

D、health

标准答案:A

知识点解析:名词辨析。本句的意思是“一个70岁的老人则会埋怨自己的记忆

力”。B项mind意为“头脑,智力”,C项trouble意为“麻烦”,D项health意为“健

康”,均不符合题意,只有A项memory(记忆力)符合题意。

6、[C6]

A、disorganizing

B>misplacing

C^putting

D^finding

标准答案:B

知识点解析:动词辨析。本句的意思是“事实上,这位70岁的老人几十年来可能一

直有乱放东西的习惯A项disorganizing意为“扰乱,打乱”,B项misplacing意为

“放错地方”,C项putting意为“放置”,D项finding意为“发现”,四个选项中只有B

项符合题意。

7、[C7]

A、swiftly

frequently

C、timely

D、quickly

标准答案:D

知识点解析:副词辨析。本句的意思是“在健康的人中,记忆力的减退不会像我们

许多人想的那样快四个选项中C项limely(及时的,适时的)为形容词,可直接

排除;B项frequently意为“频繁地”,不合题意;A项swiftly意为“迅速地,敏捷

地、',强调动作敏捷,和worsen搭配不当;D项quickly意为“快速地\符合题

意,是正确答案。

8、[C8]

A、mature

B、advance

C、age

D、grow

标准答案:C

知识点解析:卜下文推理+动词辨析c根据卜下文可以知道.本句的意思是“随着

我们变老“,C项age意为“变老”,是正确答案。A项mature(成熟),B项

advarice(前进),D项grow(成长),都不能与上下文形成很好的衔接。

9、[C9]

A、broken

B、poor

C^perfect

D、working

标准答案:A

知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句的意思是“随着我们变老,记忆机能并不会损坏,

它只是有些效率不高罢了”。A项broken(损坏的)符合题意,是正确答案。B项

poor(差的),C项perfect完美的),D项working(工作的,有效的),都不合题意。

10、[C10]

A、pattern

time

C、space

D、information

标准答案:B

知识点解析:动宾搭配。本句的意思是“经过多年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢了

下来A项pattern(模式),C项space(空间),D项information(信息),都不能与

slowsdown搭配,可以排除。B项lime(时间)符合题意,为正确答案。

11、[C11]

A、why

B、how

C、what

D、when

标准答案:A

知识点解析:上卜文语义。本句的意思是“经过多年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢

了下来,虽然没有人知道其中的确切原因”。A项为正确答案,其他选项都不合题

意。

12、[C12]

A、since

hence

C、that

D、although

标准答案:B

知识点解析:逻辑关系。上文提到,经过与年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢了下

来。下一句Recentresearchsuggests…来揭示其原因,and连接的两个并列分句作

suggests的宾语.由于nervecellsloseefficiency是there'slessactivityinthebrain的

原因,所以选择hence(副词,意为“因此")来表明两个分句之间的因果关系,B项

是正确答案。

13、[C13]

A、irregular

B、better

C^normal

D、worse

标准答案:D

知识点解析:上下文推理。上文提到,研究结果表明:神经细胞效率丢失会导致大

脑活动减少。转折连词but和动词cautions表明BarryGordon并不同意这种说法,

所以本句的意思应该是“尚不清楚活动较少是否会更糟”,D项为正确答案。A项

irregular(不规则的),B项better(更好的),C项normal(正常的),均不合题意。

14、[C14]

A^famous

B、senior

C、popular

D、trained

标准答案:D

知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句是一个比较结构,对两类运动员进行了比较,所以

此处所选的词应该和beginning(刚开始的)的意思相对应。四个选项中,D项

trained(经专门训练的)与beginning相对应,符合题意。A项famous(著名的),B项

senior(资格较老的,年长的),C项popular(流行的),均不合题意。因此,D项为正

确答案。

15、[C15]

A、as

B、till

C、though

D、yet

标准答案:A

知识点解析:逻辑关系。根据Inthesameway可以确定,本句和上一句话是一种并

列关系,所以本句的意思应该是“同理,随着大脑在某一工作上变得更加熟练,它

就会花更少的精力在上面as可以引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”的意思,所以

A项正确。B项till(直到),C项though(虽然,尽管),D项yet(但是),均不合题

意。

16、[C16]

A、stages

B、steps

C、advantages

D、purposes

标准答案:B

知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“你可以采取措施来补偿你记忆齿轮功能的

正常下降takestepst。dosth.为习惯搭配,意为“采取措施做某事A项

stages(舞台;阶段),C项advanlages(优势,有利条件),D项purposes(目的),均不

合题意。因此,B项为正确答案。

17、[C17]

A、makes

B>takes

C、does

D、spends

标准答案:B

知识点解析:动宾搭配。本句的意思是“尽管这样做很费力”。takeeffort意为“费

力”,B项为正确答案。容易混淆的是选项A,makeefforts意为“尽力”,make

effortstodosth.意为“尽力做某事”。

18、[Ci8]

A、rest

come

C、work

D^study

标准答案:C

知识点解析:动词辨析。本句的意思是“但是你必须工作,以保持大脑处于良好状

态”。C项work(工作)符合题意,为正确答案。A项rest(休息),B项come(到来),

D项study(学习),都不合题意。

19、[C19J

A^to

B、for

C、on

D、in

标准答案:D

知识点解析:习惯搭配。inshape为固定搭配,意为“处于良好状态”。因此,D项

为正确答案。

20>[C20]

A、so

or

C、and

D、if

标准答案:C

知识点解析:逻辑关系。本句的意思是“你不可能每年只去一次健身房就指望使身

体保持最佳状态”。and连接两个并列的动词短语:gotothegymonceayear和

expecttostayintopform,为正确答案。or虽然也可以连接两个并列的动词短语,

但是不符合逻辑关系。s。和if后面不能直接跟谓语动词。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共25题,每题7.0

分,共25分。)

TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhas

come.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmany

topdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemade

pledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreen

fashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofoundcrwithGregoryofRoganand

Loomstatc,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstill

betoughtofind."Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen't

comparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou'redoingandwhatyourcustomersare

usedto,“hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtually

indistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretch

nylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefinding

theyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstopped

chargingitsparticipationfeefbryounggreenentrepreneurswhoattenditstwospringtime

showsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhose

collectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,up

fromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajor

initiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过度型

的)coltonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainable

material."Mainstreamisabouttooccur,"saysHahn.Someanalystsarelesssure.Among

consumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.

NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer.When

askedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:"NotthatI'mawareof.Like

mostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she'sonthehuntfor"

cutestuffthatisn'ttooexpensive,"Byherownadmission,greenjustisn'tyetonher

mind.But—thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers—oneday

itwillbe.

21、WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?

A^Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.

B>Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.

C^Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.

D^Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的FutureFashion将本题出处定位到首段。该段

第一句提到FuturcFashion向人们展示环保设计发展到什么程度。第二句提到,此

次展览首次鼓励众多顶级设计师使用环保布料。由此可知,A项为正确答案,其中

的leadingdesigners对应文中的topdesigners,goinggreen对应workwithsustainable

fabricso

22、AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicis

that.

A^muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials

B、theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials

C、customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials

D、qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的ScottHahn和challengetodesigners将本题出

处定位到第二段。该段提到,ScottHahn说高质量的环保面料仍然很难找到;并没

有匹配的面料去代替设计师正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料;很难找到能与合成

材料相媲美的环保面料%看懂这三句话中的任何一句,本题都不难答对。D项的

arenotreadilyavailable对应文中的stillbetoughtofind、therearen't和stillhave

fewo

23、WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.

A、canattendvarioustradeshowsfree

B、arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworld

C、canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices

D、aregainingmoreandmoresupport

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。第三段首句为该段主题句,结合全文尤其是第二段首句可

知,maketheswitch指的其实就是undertakegreenfashion(推行环保时尚),而整个第

三段都在讲这些走环保路线的设计师获得越来越多的支持,故D项为正确答案。

24>WhatisNatalieHorinilla,sattitudetowardecofashion?

A^Shedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit.

B、Shedoesn'tthinkitissustainable.

C、Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.

D、Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:推断题。根据题干中的NalalieHormilla将本题出处定位到末段。该

段前两句提到,只有18%的消费者知道ecofashion(生态时尚),NatalieHormilla

是观念未转变的消费者之一。第四句提到,当被问及是否有环保衣服时,Natalie

Hormilla回答“我都不知道有这种衣服”。第六句提到,她承认,她的头脑里还没有

“绿色”这一概念。由此可知,她对生态时尚并不在意,故正确答案为A项。题干

中的ccofashion对应文中的sustainableclothes和green«

25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?

A^Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.

B、Ithasaverypromisingfuture.

C、Consumershavethefinalsay.

D^Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:推断题。根据题干中的green将本题出处定位到末段倒数第一、二

句。倒数第二句提到,NatalieHormilla这样的消费者脑中现在还没有绿色时尚的概

念,但是有了设计师、零售商和供应商的共同努力,有一天,绿色时尚就会深人人

心。由此可知,作者认为绿色环保服装前途光明,故正确答案为B项,fulure对应

文中的oneday。

Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.A

recentsurveyshowsthatcompanicslikcthegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessand

healthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.That's

especiallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingfbrworkers.AtComelTsSchoolof

HotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor'sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffouror

fivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyof

chancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformal

educationcoupledwithworkexperience.Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecialization

doesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthe

degreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommanda

highersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.Asfurther

evidenceoftheerosionofcorporatefaithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState's

Scheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices.Althoughcompaniestendtotakeon

specialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddlc-andupper-level

management."Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrainedbynutsandboltstolookatthe

bigpicture,"saysScheetz.Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyou

approveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentiona

needfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave;writingandcommunication

skills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadapt-ability,andtheabilitytoanalyze

andsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoran

engineeringdegree.nIhireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhaveaIcss-than-canncd

wayofdoingthings,"saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrict

programthatincludesliterature,history,mathematics,economics,science,human

behavior-plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreeto

specialize."Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltraining

isaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,"saysScheetz.

26、Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?

A、Studentswithabachelor'sdegreeinhumanities.

PeoplewithanMBAdegreefromtopuniversities.

C、Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.

D、Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。答题依据在文章第一、二段。该部分讨论了当前人才市场上

的状况,第二段最后一句话可以被看做是对前两段的总结Largecompanies,

especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithwork

experience(coupledwith意思是“以及,加上”)。据此,可以确定C项为正确答案。

27、Bysaying"...buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears"(Para.3),the

authormeans.

ANmostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation

B、anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions

C^MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears'timeastheyarenow

D^infiveyearspeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。文章三〜五段讨论了公司内部在选拔中高层管理人员过程中

是如何看待学位的。分析文章的结构,可以看出事实上四〜五段是对作者上述观点

的论证。第四段的第二句话Althoughcompanies…management意思是说,公司招聘

新员工时非常注重学位(即具有专业知识),但在选拔中高层管理人员时就看重总体

素质了。也就是说,持有学位在刚刚进入公司时是必要的,受欢迎的,但若干年后

在选拔中高级人才时,学位就不那么重要了,这时看重的是综合素质。根据上述分

析,可以确定B项为正确答案。

28、AccordingtoScheetz'sstatementPara.4),companiesprefer.

A、peoplewhohaveastrategicmind

B、peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts

C、peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive

D、peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics

标准答案:A

知识点解析:推理题。答题依据在第四段最后一句话Theywantsomeonewhoisn't

constrainedbynutsandboltstolookatthebigpictureo其意思是说,公司需要不受专

业知识限制,能够有广阔视野的人才,也就是具有astrategicmind(战略头脑)的人

才。根据以上分析,A项为正确答案。

29、DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause

ANtheyarcmorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations

B、theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsolvingproblems

C、theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields

DNtheyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。答题依据在文章最后一段“Ihireonlyliberal—artspeople

becausetheyhavealess—than—cannedwayofdoingthings"。Birch认为他之所以选

用文科人才是因为他们处理问题的方法不那么受限制,换言之,他们能灵活地处理

各种问题。据此,可看出A项与文章意思相符,为正确答案。

30、Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

A、Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.

Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.

C、On-the-jobtrainingis,inthelongrun,lesscostly.

D、Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:判断题。首先从文章结构看,一〜二段讨论当前人才市场的情况,

三〜五段讨论公司内部的用人机制。其次,从中心思想看,文章论述了虽然招聘人

才时看重专业知识的文凭,但是公司内部选拔管理人员时则要以综合素质为标准。

据此,可以判断D项与作者观点相吻合,故为正确答案。

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turUes(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheir

eggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,or

GPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythe

hatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater'sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsand

crawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.Aformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeen

erectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingsitesontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthat

attentionpaidtothem,you*dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenotto

goextinct.ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFish

andWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesof

NorthAtlanticseaturtles.notablyloggerheads(红海龟),whichcangrowtoasmuchas

400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%in

thelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmental

groupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethe

levelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom"threatened"to

"endangered"—meaning(heyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?It

turnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingthe

turtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandas

hatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearstheyspendintheocean."Thethreatisfrom

commercialfishing,HsaysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterand

alongtheoceanfloor)andlong-linefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlines

thatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavyloll(损失)onturtles.Ofcourse,likeeveryother

environmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarming

andhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichthe

turtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherby

thethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleon

thoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthe

handsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowacreaturesouglycouldhave

wonsomuchaffection.

31、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive

B、effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

C>governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles'extinction

D、marinebiologistsarelookingfbrthesecretofturtles,reproduction

标准答案:B

知识点解析;推断题。第一段倒数第二句指出,政府机构已经建立强大的保护墙来

保护它们在大西洋海岸线上的主要栖息地;最后一句进行了补充说明,由于人类对

它们的关注,这些生物也许就不会面临灭绝的危险了。综合理解可知,人类做出了

很大的努力来保护海龟免遭灭绝的厄运。所以B项为正确答案。

32、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsof

fairness"(Line1,Para.2)?

A^Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

B、Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

C、Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

D、Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:语义题。第二段第一句是由and连接的并列句,所以可以通过后半句

来推断前半句的意思。第一段后半部分提到了人们对于保护海龟所采取的措施和乐

观看法,第二段开头使用连词bul进行转折,意义应该与第一段相反或相对;司

时,第二段第一句后半句指出,美国鱼类和野生动物服务组织的报告表明,北大西

洋地区的许多种海龟己经出现了数量下降的令人担忧的局面。综合以上分析,可以

推断,第一句前半句的意思为:大自然似乎不大在意人类的美好理想,换句话说,

虽然人们做出努力来保尹海龟,但是其数量仍然在下降。所以D项为正确答案。

33、WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabeth

Griffin?

A^Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

B、Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

C^Theirlowerreproductiveability.

D、Contaminationofseawater.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。第三段倒数第二句援引ElizabethGriffin的话指出,真正的

威胁来自商业捕捞;最后一句又进一步补充说明:对于海龟来说,拖捞船和长线捕

鱼对它们是沉重的打击。由此可见,B项为正确答案。

34、Howdoesglobalwanningaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

A、Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

R、Thechangingclimatemakesifdifficultfnrtheireggstohatch.

C^Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

D、Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。文章最后一段第二句指出,随着人类开发和海洋变暖而导致

的海平面上升的威胁,海龟前往产卵的狭窄的海滩地带正遭到蚕食。由此可见,全

球变暖将会导致海平面上升,继而破坏海龟的产卵环境——狭窄的海滩地带。所以

A项为正确答案。

35、Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto.

A、persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles

B、stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected

C、callfbreffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles'survival

D、warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies

标准答案:C

知识点解析:语义题。文章坡后一句的前半句指出,人类必须同时解决好这些问

题,否则海龟将会毁灭在人类的手中;后半句提到,也许这会让我们的子孙后代感

到疑惑:为什么这种如此丑陋的生物会获得如此多的关爱,这里的“关爱”正是指人

类采取措施保护海龟免遭灭绝的厄运。也就是说,最后一句实际上是在呼吁人类采

取有效措施来保护海龟,确保它们能够生存卜去,所以C项为止确答案。

Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomefieldsofmodernlife,womenappeartobefar

aheadinatleastoneundesirableaspect."Womenareparticularlyliabletodeveloping

depressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,"accordingto

Dr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork'sVeteran1sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormone(荷尔蒙)somehow

affectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetrigger

chemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,when

stressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,their

chemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman'sincreased

doseofstresschemicals,areherincreased"opportunities"forstress."It'snotnecessarily

thatwomendon'tcopeaswell.It'sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith."says

Dr.Yehuda."Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's,"she

observes,"it'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomeworn

outfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthe

sexes.*'Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinachronic

orrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedto

moreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomen

areexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamily

members,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfrom

theselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18and

gavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege."Istruggledalottogetthe

collegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togoto

school,andgetaheadanddobetter."Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasingle

mother."It*sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythe

carpayment,andpaythedebi.Ilivedfrompaycheckiopaycheck."Noteveryone

experiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomen

todayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.

Alvarez'sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestress

beforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

36、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A、Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

B、Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

C^Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

D、Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。第一段首句指出,在一个不太好的方面,女人似乎超过了男

人。接着引用Yehuda医生的话指出,女人在面临压力时,更容易患病。第二段解

释了为什么女人在面临压力时更容易患病,并指出性荷尔蒙是罪魁祸首。因此A

项为正确答案。

37、Dr.Yehuda'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen.

A、needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress

B、havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress

C、aremorecapableofavoidingstress

D、areexposedtomorestress

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。第三段第二、三句引用了Yehuda医生的话。她指出,女人

应对压力的能力不一定比男人差,只是因为她们面临更多的压力,因此对压力的反

应更明显,D项为正确答案。

38、AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe.

A、domesticandtemporary

B、irregularandviolent

C、durableandfrequent

D、trivialandrandom

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。第四段第二句是段落主题句,该句指出,女性面对的压力通

常具有周期长和单调重复的特点。因此C项为正确答案。

39、Thesentence"Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck."(Para.5)showsthat.

A、Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney

Alvarez,ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses

C、Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs

D、Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck

标准答案:B

知识点解析:句意题。应该根据上下文来理解句意。文中上一句指出,Alvcrez承

担着各种家庭责任,包话照顾孩子、工作、付房租、养车以及偿还债务等。本句话

应顺接上一句,进一步论述Alverez所承受的压力。选项中只有B和上一句衔接通

顺、连贯,同时也和“Alvcrcz承受着巨大的压力”这个段落主旨相符。因此B项为

正确答案。paycheck并非一般支票,而是工资支票,这里指工资,薪水。“从工资

到工资”意思是仅靠工资生活。

40>Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A、StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B、ResponsetoStress:GenderDifference

C>StressAnalysis;WhatChemicalsSay?

D、GenderInequality;WomenUnderStress

标准答案:D

知识点解析:主旨题。文章第一段通过两性比较引入了“女性在面临压力时更容易

受到伤害''这个主题。第二、三、四段分别探讨了造成这种现象的原因:女性在面

临压力时分泌更多化学物质,女性承受的压力更多,女性承受的压力具有周期长、

重复性的特点。最后两段论述了女性承受巨大压力的现状。"女性''和“压力”这两个

关键词贯穿全文,D项最适合做文章的标题。

Mostpeoplemaydrinkonlytwolitersofwateraday,buttheyconsumeabout3000if

thewaterthatgoesintotheirfoodistakenintoaccount.Therichgulpdownfarmore,

sincetheytendtoeatmoremeat,whichtakesfarmorewatertoproducethangrains.So

astheworld'spopulationgrowsandincomesrise,farmerswillneedagreatdealmore

watertokeepeveryonefed;2000morecubickilometersayearby2030,accordingtothe

InternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI).Yetinmanyfarmingregions,wateris

scarceandlikelytogetscarcerasglobalwarmingworsens.Theworldisfacingnotso

muchafoodcrisisasawatercrisis,arguesColinChartres,IWMFsdirector-general.The

solution,Mr.Chartresandotherscontend,ismoreefficientuseofwateror,asthe

sloganeersputit,"morecropperdrop".Some1.2billionpeopleliveinplacesthatare

shortofwater.Farmingaccountsforroughly70%ofhumanwaterconsumption.Sowhen

waterstartstorunout,fanningtendstoofferthebestpotentialforthrift.But

governmentsrarelychargefarmersamarketpriceforwater.Sotheyareusuallymore

wastefulthanotherconsumers-eventhoughthevaluetheycreatefromthewaterisoften

lessthanhouseholdsorindustrywouldbewillingtopayforit.Thepressingneedisto

makewatergofurther.AntoineFrerot,theheadofthewaterdivisionofVeolia

Environment,promotesrecyclingofcitywa

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