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考研英语(二)模拟试卷78
一、完型填空(本题共20题,每题7.0分,共20分。)
Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmcmorj\right?Dana
Denisisjust40yearsold.but[Cl]she'sworriedaboutwhatshecalls"my
rollingmentalblackouts.*'MItrytoremembersomethingandIjustblankout,"shesays.
Youmay[C2]abouttheselapses,callingthem"seniormoments"orblaming"
earlyAlzheimer's(老年痴呆症)Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,the
[C3]youremember?Well,sortof.Butastimegoesby,wetendtoblameage
[C4]problemsihatarcnotnecessarilyage-rclatcd."Whenateenagercan'tfind
herkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized,"saysPaulGold."A70-
year-oldblamesher[C5].'*Infact,the70-year-oldmayhavebeen[C6]
thingsfordecades.Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tworsenas[C7]as
manyofusthink."Aswe[C8],thememorymechanismisn't[C9]
sayspsychologistFergusCraik."It'sjustinefficient.Thebrain'sprocessing[CIO]
slowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactly[Cl1]Recent
researchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyand[C12]there'slessactivity
inthebrain.But,cautionsBarryGordon,"ICsnotclearthatlessactivityis【Cl3】
.Abeginningathleteiswinded(气喘吁吁)moreeasilythana[C14]
athlete.Inthesameway,[C15]thebraingetsmoreskilledatatask.it
expendslessenergyonit.Thereare[C16]youcantaketocompensatefor
normalslippageinyourmemorygears,thoughit[C17]effort.MargaretSewell
says;"We'reaquick-fixculture,butyouhaveto[CI8]tokeepyourbrain
[C19]shape.It'slikehavingagoodbody.Youcan'tgotothegymonceayear
[C20]expecttostayintopform."
1、[Cl]
A、almost
seldom
C、already
D、never
标准答案:C
知识点解析:副词辨析。本句的意思是“DanaDenis刚刚40岁,但是已经开始担心
她所谓的起伏的记忆力衰退问题了。"C项already意为“已经”,符合题意,为止确
答案。A项almost意为“几乎”,B项seldom意为“很少”,D项never意为“从未”,
都不合题意。
2、[C2]
A、joke
laugh
C、blame
D、criticize
标准答案:A
知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“你也许会拿这些小失误开玩笑joke
aboutsth.是习惯搭配,意为“拿……开玩笑”,A项符合题意,为正确答案。B项
laugh后面跟介词at,laughat意为“因...发笑,嘲笑”,C项blame(责备)以及D
项criticize(批评)都是及物动词,所以B、C和D项都不合题意。
3、[C3J
A^much
B、little
C、more
D、less
标准答案:D
知识点解析:固定句型。lhe+比较级...,lhe+比较级是固定句型,意为
“越……,越……”,所以A项和B选项可以直接排除。句中所要表达的意思是“人
越老,记忆力就越差'、,所以D项为正确答案。
4、[C4]
A、since
B、for
C、by
D、because
标准答案:B
知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“随着时间的流逝,我们倾向于把和年龄没
有必然联系的一些问题归咎于年龄Lblamesb.forsth.是一个习惯搭配.意为
“因某事责备某人,把某事的责任归咎于某人“,所以B项为正确答案。
5、[C5]
A、memory
B、mind
C、trouble
D、health
标准答案:A
知识点解析:名词辨析。本句的意思是“一个70岁的老人则会埋怨自己的记忆
力”。B项mind意为“头脑,智力”,C项trouble意为“麻烦”,D项health意为“健
康”,均不符合题意,只有A项memory(记忆力)符合题意。
6、[C6]
A、disorganizing
B>misplacing
C^putting
D^finding
标准答案:B
知识点解析:动词辨析。本句的意思是“事实上,这位70岁的老人几十年来可能一
直有乱放东西的习惯A项disorganizing意为“扰乱,打乱”,B项misplacing意为
“放错地方”,C项putting意为“放置”,D项finding意为“发现”,四个选项中只有B
项符合题意。
7、[C7]
A、swiftly
frequently
C、timely
D、quickly
标准答案:D
知识点解析:副词辨析。本句的意思是“在健康的人中,记忆力的减退不会像我们
许多人想的那样快四个选项中C项limely(及时的,适时的)为形容词,可直接
排除;B项frequently意为“频繁地”,不合题意;A项swiftly意为“迅速地,敏捷
地、',强调动作敏捷,和worsen搭配不当;D项quickly意为“快速地\符合题
意,是正确答案。
8、[C8]
A、mature
B、advance
C、age
D、grow
标准答案:C
知识点解析:卜下文推理+动词辨析c根据卜下文可以知道.本句的意思是“随着
我们变老“,C项age意为“变老”,是正确答案。A项mature(成熟),B项
advarice(前进),D项grow(成长),都不能与上下文形成很好的衔接。
9、[C9]
A、broken
B、poor
C^perfect
D、working
标准答案:A
知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句的意思是“随着我们变老,记忆机能并不会损坏,
它只是有些效率不高罢了”。A项broken(损坏的)符合题意,是正确答案。B项
poor(差的),C项perfect完美的),D项working(工作的,有效的),都不合题意。
10、[C10]
A、pattern
time
C、space
D、information
标准答案:B
知识点解析:动宾搭配。本句的意思是“经过多年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢了
下来A项pattern(模式),C项space(空间),D项information(信息),都不能与
slowsdown搭配,可以排除。B项lime(时间)符合题意,为正确答案。
11、[C11]
A、why
B、how
C、what
D、when
标准答案:A
知识点解析:上卜文语义。本句的意思是“经过多年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢
了下来,虽然没有人知道其中的确切原因”。A项为正确答案,其他选项都不合题
意。
12、[C12]
A、since
hence
C、that
D、although
标准答案:B
知识点解析:逻辑关系。上文提到,经过与年之后,大脑处理事情的时间慢了下
来。下一句Recentresearchsuggests…来揭示其原因,and连接的两个并列分句作
suggests的宾语.由于nervecellsloseefficiency是there'slessactivityinthebrain的
原因,所以选择hence(副词,意为“因此")来表明两个分句之间的因果关系,B项
是正确答案。
13、[C13]
A、irregular
B、better
C^normal
D、worse
标准答案:D
知识点解析:上下文推理。上文提到,研究结果表明:神经细胞效率丢失会导致大
脑活动减少。转折连词but和动词cautions表明BarryGordon并不同意这种说法,
所以本句的意思应该是“尚不清楚活动较少是否会更糟”,D项为正确答案。A项
irregular(不规则的),B项better(更好的),C项normal(正常的),均不合题意。
14、[C14]
A^famous
B、senior
C、popular
D、trained
标准答案:D
知识点解析:形容词辨析。本句是一个比较结构,对两类运动员进行了比较,所以
此处所选的词应该和beginning(刚开始的)的意思相对应。四个选项中,D项
trained(经专门训练的)与beginning相对应,符合题意。A项famous(著名的),B项
senior(资格较老的,年长的),C项popular(流行的),均不合题意。因此,D项为正
确答案。
15、[C15]
A、as
B、till
C、though
D、yet
标准答案:A
知识点解析:逻辑关系。根据Inthesameway可以确定,本句和上一句话是一种并
列关系,所以本句的意思应该是“同理,随着大脑在某一工作上变得更加熟练,它
就会花更少的精力在上面as可以引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”的意思,所以
A项正确。B项till(直到),C项though(虽然,尽管),D项yet(但是),均不合题
意。
16、[C16]
A、stages
B、steps
C、advantages
D、purposes
标准答案:B
知识点解析:习惯搭配。本句的意思是“你可以采取措施来补偿你记忆齿轮功能的
正常下降takestepst。dosth.为习惯搭配,意为“采取措施做某事A项
stages(舞台;阶段),C项advanlages(优势,有利条件),D项purposes(目的),均不
合题意。因此,B项为正确答案。
17、[C17]
A、makes
B>takes
C、does
D、spends
标准答案:B
知识点解析:动宾搭配。本句的意思是“尽管这样做很费力”。takeeffort意为“费
力”,B项为正确答案。容易混淆的是选项A,makeefforts意为“尽力”,make
effortstodosth.意为“尽力做某事”。
18、[Ci8]
A、rest
come
C、work
D^study
标准答案:C
知识点解析:动词辨析。本句的意思是“但是你必须工作,以保持大脑处于良好状
态”。C项work(工作)符合题意,为正确答案。A项rest(休息),B项come(到来),
D项study(学习),都不合题意。
19、[C19J
A^to
B、for
C、on
D、in
标准答案:D
知识点解析:习惯搭配。inshape为固定搭配,意为“处于良好状态”。因此,D项
为正确答案。
20>[C20]
A、so
or
C、and
D、if
标准答案:C
知识点解析:逻辑关系。本句的意思是“你不可能每年只去一次健身房就指望使身
体保持最佳状态”。and连接两个并列的动词短语:gotothegymonceayear和
expecttostayintopform,为正确答案。or虽然也可以连接两个并列的动词短语,
但是不符合逻辑关系。s。和if后面不能直接跟谓语动词。
二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共25题,每题7.0
分,共25分。)
TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhas
come.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmany
topdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemade
pledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreen
fashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofoundcrwithGregoryofRoganand
Loomstatc,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstill
betoughtofind."Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen't
comparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou'redoingandwhatyourcustomersare
usedto,“hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtually
indistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretch
nylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefinding
theyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstopped
chargingitsparticipationfeefbryounggreenentrepreneurswhoattenditstwospringtime
showsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhose
collectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,up
fromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajor
initiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过度型
的)coltonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainable
material."Mainstreamisabouttooccur,"saysHahn.Someanalystsarelesssure.Among
consumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.
NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer.When
askedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:"NotthatI'mawareof.Like
mostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she'sonthehuntfor"
cutestuffthatisn'ttooexpensive,"Byherownadmission,greenjustisn'tyetonher
mind.But—thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers—oneday
itwillbe.
21、WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?
A^Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.
B>Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.
C^Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.
D^Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的FutureFashion将本题出处定位到首段。该段
第一句提到FuturcFashion向人们展示环保设计发展到什么程度。第二句提到,此
次展览首次鼓励众多顶级设计师使用环保布料。由此可知,A项为正确答案,其中
的leadingdesigners对应文中的topdesigners,goinggreen对应workwithsustainable
fabricso
22、AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicis
that.
A^muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials
B、theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials
C、customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials
D、qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable
标准答案:D
知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的ScottHahn和challengetodesigners将本题出
处定位到第二段。该段提到,ScottHahn说高质量的环保面料仍然很难找到;并没
有匹配的面料去代替设计师正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料;很难找到能与合成
材料相媲美的环保面料%看懂这三句话中的任何一句,本题都不难答对。D项的
arenotreadilyavailable对应文中的stillbetoughtofind、therearen't和stillhave
fewo
23、WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.
A、canattendvarioustradeshowsfree
B、arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworld
C、canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices
D、aregainingmoreandmoresupport
标准答案:D
知识点解析:细节题。第三段首句为该段主题句,结合全文尤其是第二段首句可
知,maketheswitch指的其实就是undertakegreenfashion(推行环保时尚),而整个第
三段都在讲这些走环保路线的设计师获得越来越多的支持,故D项为正确答案。
24>WhatisNatalieHorinilla,sattitudetowardecofashion?
A^Shedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit.
B、Shedoesn'tthinkitissustainable.
C、Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.
D、Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:推断题。根据题干中的NalalieHormilla将本题出处定位到末段。该
段前两句提到,只有18%的消费者知道ecofashion(生态时尚),NatalieHormilla
是观念未转变的消费者之一。第四句提到,当被问及是否有环保衣服时,Natalie
Hormilla回答“我都不知道有这种衣服”。第六句提到,她承认,她的头脑里还没有
“绿色”这一概念。由此可知,她对生态时尚并不在意,故正确答案为A项。题干
中的ccofashion对应文中的sustainableclothes和green«
25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?
A^Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.
B、Ithasaverypromisingfuture.
C、Consumershavethefinalsay.
D^Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:推断题。根据题干中的green将本题出处定位到末段倒数第一、二
句。倒数第二句提到,NatalieHormilla这样的消费者脑中现在还没有绿色时尚的概
念,但是有了设计师、零售商和供应商的共同努力,有一天,绿色时尚就会深人人
心。由此可知,作者认为绿色环保服装前途光明,故正确答案为B项,fulure对应
文中的oneday。
Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.A
recentsurveyshowsthatcompanicslikcthegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessand
healthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.That's
especiallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingfbrworkers.AtComelTsSchoolof
HotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor'sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffouror
fivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyof
chancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformal
educationcoupledwithworkexperience.Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecialization
doesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthe
degreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommanda
highersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.Asfurther
evidenceoftheerosionofcorporatefaithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState's
Scheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices.Althoughcompaniestendtotakeon
specialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddlc-andupper-level
management."Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrainedbynutsandboltstolookatthe
bigpicture,"saysScheetz.Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyou
approveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentiona
needfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave;writingandcommunication
skills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadapt-ability,andtheabilitytoanalyze
andsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoran
engineeringdegree.nIhireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhaveaIcss-than-canncd
wayofdoingthings,"saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrict
programthatincludesliterature,history,mathematics,economics,science,human
behavior-plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreeto
specialize."Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltraining
isaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,"saysScheetz.
26、Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?
A、Studentswithabachelor'sdegreeinhumanities.
PeoplewithanMBAdegreefromtopuniversities.
C、Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.
D、Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:细节题。答题依据在文章第一、二段。该部分讨论了当前人才市场上
的状况,第二段最后一句话可以被看做是对前两段的总结Largecompanies,
especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithwork
experience(coupledwith意思是“以及,加上”)。据此,可以确定C项为正确答案。
27、Bysaying"...buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears"(Para.3),the
authormeans.
ANmostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation
B、anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions
C^MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears'timeastheyarenow
D^infiveyearspeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot
标准答案:B
知识点解析:细节题。文章三〜五段讨论了公司内部在选拔中高层管理人员过程中
是如何看待学位的。分析文章的结构,可以看出事实上四〜五段是对作者上述观点
的论证。第四段的第二句话Althoughcompanies…management意思是说,公司招聘
新员工时非常注重学位(即具有专业知识),但在选拔中高层管理人员时就看重总体
素质了。也就是说,持有学位在刚刚进入公司时是必要的,受欢迎的,但若干年后
在选拔中高级人才时,学位就不那么重要了,这时看重的是综合素质。根据上述分
析,可以确定B项为正确答案。
28、AccordingtoScheetz'sstatementPara.4),companiesprefer.
A、peoplewhohaveastrategicmind
B、peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts
C、peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive
D、peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics
标准答案:A
知识点解析:推理题。答题依据在第四段最后一句话Theywantsomeonewhoisn't
constrainedbynutsandboltstolookatthebigpictureo其意思是说,公司需要不受专
业知识限制,能够有广阔视野的人才,也就是具有astrategicmind(战略头脑)的人
才。根据以上分析,A项为正确答案。
29、DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause
ANtheyarcmorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations
B、theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsolvingproblems
C、theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields
DNtheyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement
标准答案:A
知识点解析:细节题。答题依据在文章最后一段“Ihireonlyliberal—artspeople
becausetheyhavealess—than—cannedwayofdoingthings"。Birch认为他之所以选
用文科人才是因为他们处理问题的方法不那么受限制,换言之,他们能灵活地处理
各种问题。据此,可看出A项与文章意思相符,为正确答案。
30、Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?
A、Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.
Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.
C、On-the-jobtrainingis,inthelongrun,lesscostly.
D、Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:判断题。首先从文章结构看,一〜二段讨论当前人才市场的情况,
三〜五段讨论公司内部的用人机制。其次,从中心思想看,文章论述了虽然招聘人
才时看重专业知识的文凭,但是公司内部选拔管理人员时则要以综合素质为标准。
据此,可以判断D项与作者观点相吻合,故为正确答案。
Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turUes(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheir
eggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,or
GPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythe
hatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater'sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsand
crawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.Aformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeen
erectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingsitesontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthat
attentionpaidtothem,you*dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenotto
goextinct.ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFish
andWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesof
NorthAtlanticseaturtles.notablyloggerheads(红海龟),whichcangrowtoasmuchas
400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%in
thelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmental
groupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethe
levelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom"threatened"to
"endangered"—meaning(heyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.
Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?It
turnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingthe
turtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandas
hatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearstheyspendintheocean."Thethreatisfrom
commercialfishing,HsaysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterand
alongtheoceanfloor)andlong-linefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlines
thatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavyloll(损失)onturtles.Ofcourse,likeeveryother
environmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarming
andhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichthe
turtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherby
thethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleon
thoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthe
handsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowacreaturesouglycouldhave
wonsomuchaffection.
31、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.
A、humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive
B、effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout
C>governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles'extinction
D、marinebiologistsarelookingfbrthesecretofturtles,reproduction
标准答案:B
知识点解析;推断题。第一段倒数第二句指出,政府机构已经建立强大的保护墙来
保护它们在大西洋海岸线上的主要栖息地;最后一句进行了补充说明,由于人类对
它们的关注,这些生物也许就不会面临灭绝的危险了。综合理解可知,人类做出了
很大的努力来保护海龟免遭灭绝的厄运。所以B项为正确答案。
32、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsof
fairness"(Line1,Para.2)?
A^Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.
B、Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.
C、Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.
D、Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:语义题。第二段第一句是由and连接的并列句,所以可以通过后半句
来推断前半句的意思。第一段后半部分提到了人们对于保护海龟所采取的措施和乐
观看法,第二段开头使用连词bul进行转折,意义应该与第一段相反或相对;司
时,第二段第一句后半句指出,美国鱼类和野生动物服务组织的报告表明,北大西
洋地区的许多种海龟己经出现了数量下降的令人担忧的局面。综合以上分析,可以
推断,第一句前半句的意思为:大自然似乎不大在意人类的美好理想,换句话说,
虽然人们做出努力来保尹海龟,但是其数量仍然在下降。所以D项为正确答案。
33、WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabeth
Griffin?
A^Theirinadequatefoodsupply.
B、Unregulatedcommercialfishing.
C^Theirlowerreproductiveability.
D、Contaminationofseawater.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:细节题。第三段倒数第二句援引ElizabethGriffin的话指出,真正的
威胁来自商业捕捞;最后一句又进一步补充说明:对于海龟来说,拖捞船和长线捕
鱼对它们是沉重的打击。由此可见,B项为正确答案。
34、Howdoesglobalwanningaffectthesurvivalofturtles?
A、Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.
R、Thechangingclimatemakesifdifficultfnrtheireggstohatch.
C^Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.
D、Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:细节题。文章最后一段第二句指出,随着人类开发和海洋变暖而导致
的海平面上升的威胁,海龟前往产卵的狭窄的海滩地带正遭到蚕食。由此可见,全
球变暖将会导致海平面上升,继而破坏海龟的产卵环境——狭窄的海滩地带。所以
A项为正确答案。
35、Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto.
A、persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles
B、stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected
C、callfbreffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles'survival
D、warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies
标准答案:C
知识点解析:语义题。文章坡后一句的前半句指出,人类必须同时解决好这些问
题,否则海龟将会毁灭在人类的手中;后半句提到,也许这会让我们的子孙后代感
到疑惑:为什么这种如此丑陋的生物会获得如此多的关爱,这里的“关爱”正是指人
类采取措施保护海龟免遭灭绝的厄运。也就是说,最后一句实际上是在呼吁人类采
取有效措施来保护海龟,确保它们能够生存卜去,所以C项为止确答案。
Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomefieldsofmodernlife,womenappeartobefar
aheadinatleastoneundesirableaspect."Womenareparticularlyliabletodeveloping
depressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,"accordingto
Dr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork'sVeteran1sAdministrationHospital.
Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormone(荷尔蒙)somehow
affectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetrigger
chemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,when
stressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,their
chemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman'sincreased
doseofstresschemicals,areherincreased"opportunities"forstress."It'snotnecessarily
thatwomendon'tcopeaswell.It'sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith."says
Dr.Yehuda."Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's,"she
observes,"it'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomeworn
outfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthe
sexes.*'Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinachronic
orrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedto
moreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomen
areexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamily
members,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfrom
theselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18and
gavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege."Istruggledalottogetthe
collegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togoto
school,andgetaheadanddobetter."Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasingle
mother."It*sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythe
carpayment,andpaythedebi.Ilivedfrompaycheckiopaycheck."Noteveryone
experiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomen
todayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.
Alvarez'sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestress
beforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.
36、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
A、Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.
B、Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.
C^Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.
D、Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:细节题。第一段首句指出,在一个不太好的方面,女人似乎超过了男
人。接着引用Yehuda医生的话指出,女人在面临压力时,更容易患病。第二段解
释了为什么女人在面临压力时更容易患病,并指出性荷尔蒙是罪魁祸首。因此A
项为正确答案。
37、Dr.Yehuda'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen.
A、needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress
B、havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress
C、aremorecapableofavoidingstress
D、areexposedtomorestress
标准答案:D
知识点解析:细节题。第三段第二、三句引用了Yehuda医生的话。她指出,女人
应对压力的能力不一定比男人差,只是因为她们面临更多的压力,因此对压力的反
应更明显,D项为正确答案。
38、AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe.
A、domesticandtemporary
B、irregularandviolent
C、durableandfrequent
D、trivialandrandom
标准答案:C
知识点解析:细节题。第四段第二句是段落主题句,该句指出,女性面对的压力通
常具有周期长和单调重复的特点。因此C项为正确答案。
39、Thesentence"Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck."(Para.5)showsthat.
A、Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney
Alvarez,ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses
C、Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs
D、Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck
标准答案:B
知识点解析:句意题。应该根据上下文来理解句意。文中上一句指出,Alvcrez承
担着各种家庭责任,包话照顾孩子、工作、付房租、养车以及偿还债务等。本句话
应顺接上一句,进一步论述Alverez所承受的压力。选项中只有B和上一句衔接通
顺、连贯,同时也和“Alvcrcz承受着巨大的压力”这个段落主旨相符。因此B项为
正确答案。paycheck并非一般支票,而是工资支票,这里指工资,薪水。“从工资
到工资”意思是仅靠工资生活。
40>Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A、StrainofStress:NoWayOut?
B、ResponsetoStress:GenderDifference
C>StressAnalysis;WhatChemicalsSay?
D、GenderInequality;WomenUnderStress
标准答案:D
知识点解析:主旨题。文章第一段通过两性比较引入了“女性在面临压力时更容易
受到伤害''这个主题。第二、三、四段分别探讨了造成这种现象的原因:女性在面
临压力时分泌更多化学物质,女性承受的压力更多,女性承受的压力具有周期长、
重复性的特点。最后两段论述了女性承受巨大压力的现状。"女性''和“压力”这两个
关键词贯穿全文,D项最适合做文章的标题。
Mostpeoplemaydrinkonlytwolitersofwateraday,buttheyconsumeabout3000if
thewaterthatgoesintotheirfoodistakenintoaccount.Therichgulpdownfarmore,
sincetheytendtoeatmoremeat,whichtakesfarmorewatertoproducethangrains.So
astheworld'spopulationgrowsandincomesrise,farmerswillneedagreatdealmore
watertokeepeveryonefed;2000morecubickilometersayearby2030,accordingtothe
InternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI).Yetinmanyfarmingregions,wateris
scarceandlikelytogetscarcerasglobalwarmingworsens.Theworldisfacingnotso
muchafoodcrisisasawatercrisis,arguesColinChartres,IWMFsdirector-general.The
solution,Mr.Chartresandotherscontend,ismoreefficientuseofwateror,asthe
sloganeersputit,"morecropperdrop".Some1.2billionpeopleliveinplacesthatare
shortofwater.Farmingaccountsforroughly70%ofhumanwaterconsumption.Sowhen
waterstartstorunout,fanningtendstoofferthebestpotentialforthrift.But
governmentsrarelychargefarmersamarketpriceforwater.Sotheyareusuallymore
wastefulthanotherconsumers-eventhoughthevaluetheycreatefromthewaterisoften
lessthanhouseholdsorindustrywouldbewillingtopayforit.Thepressingneedisto
makewatergofurther.AntoineFrerot,theheadofthewaterdivisionofVeolia
Environment,promotesrecyclingofcitywa
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