2026年广东省北师大版高一英语上册第3单元阅读理解专项训练

2026年广东省北师大版高一英语上册第3单元阅读理解专项训练一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit3,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthetext?Thepassagediscussestheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandprovidesseveralpracticalsuggestionsforindividualstoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Itemphasizesthecollectiveresponsibilityofsocietyinaddressingclimatechangeandhighlightstheroleofsmallactionsinmakingasignificantdifference.Basedonthisinformation,whichstatementaccuratelyreflectstheauthor'sintent?A.Topersuadereaderstoadoptacompletelyvegetariandietastheonlysolutiontoenvironmentalissues.B.Tocriticizegovernmentsfornottakingsufficientactiontocombatclimatechange.C.Toencouragereaderstotakepersonalresponsibilityforenvironmentalprotectionthroughdailyhabits.D.Topresentascientificreportonthecausesandeffectsofglobalwarmingwithoutofferingsolutions.2.InthereadingmaterialfromUnit3,alocalcommunityinsouthernChinaismentionedasanexampleofsuccessfulwastereduction.Thetextdescribeshowtheyimplementedathree-prongedapproachinvolvingeducation,policyincentives,andcommunityparticipation.Whichofthefollowingoptionsmostaccuratelysummarizesthekeyelementsofthisapproach?A.Relyingsolelyongovernmentregulationstoenforcerecyclingwithoutpublicengagement.B.Organizingfrequentpubliclecturestoraiseawarenessbutwithoutanypracticalmeasures.C.Combiningeducationalcampaignswithfinancialrewardsforrecyclingandinvolvinglocalresidentsindecision-making.D.Focusingexclusivelyontechnologicalsolutionsforwastemanagementwithoutcommunityinvolvement.3.ThepassageinUnit3includesacomparisonbetweentraditionalandmodernfarmingpracticesinruralareas.Itnotesthatwhiletraditionalmethodsweresustainableinthepast,moderntechniquesoftenleadtosoildegradationandwaterpollution.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestcapturestheauthor'stonetowardthisissue?A.Indifferent,astheauthorbelievestechnologicaladvancementoutweighsenvironmentalconcerns.B.Sympathetic,acknowledgingthechallengesbutsuggestingnofeasiblealternatives.C.Critical,highlightingthenegativeimpactsofmodernagricultureandadvocatingforareturntotraditionalmethods.D.Neutral,presentingbothsidesoftheargumentwithoutexpressingpersonalopinion.4.AkeyconceptintheUnit3readingistheideaof"sustainabledevelopment."Thetextdefinesitasmeetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Whichofthefollowingexamplesfromthepassagealignsmostcloselywiththisdefinition?A.Afactorythatpollutesariverbecauseitcanaffordtopayfines.B.Aschoolthatinstallssolarpanelstoreduceenergyconsumption.C.Abusinessthatcutsdownforeststoincreaseshort-termprofits.D.Agovernmentthatbanssingle-useplasticstoprotectmarineecosystems.5.TheUnit3passageincludesaninterviewwithayoungentrepreneurwhostartedacompanyproducingeco-friendlypackaging.Thetextmentionsthathermotivationstemmedfromwitnessingplasticwastechokingalocalriverduringherchildhood.Whichofthefollowingquestionswouldbesthelpunderstandthedepthofhercommitment?A."Howmuchmoneydidyourcompanymakeinitsfirstyear?"B."Didyoufaceanychallengeswhenconvincingcustomerstoswitchtoyourproducts?"C."Whatinspiredyoutocontinuedespiteinitialfailures?"D."Doyouthinkgovernmentsshouldprovidemoresubsidiesforeco-friendlybusinesses?"6.InthereadingfromUnit3,astudyonurbangreenspacesisdiscussed.Theresearchshowsthatparksandgardensincitiescanimproveairquality,reducestress,andevenlowercrimerates.Whichofthefollowingstatementsreflectstheauthor'sviewontheimportanceofthesespaces?A.Theyareonlyvaluableforaestheticpurposesandhavenopracticalbenefits.B.Theyareessentialforurbandevelopmentbutshouldbedesignedsolelyforrecreationaluse.C.Theyoffermultipleenvironmentalandsocialadvantages,justifyingtheirinclusioninurbanplanning.D.Theyarealuxurythatcitiescannotaffordinthecurrenteconomicclimate.7.ThepassageinUnit3mentionsaglobalsurveyonconsumerbehaviorregardingsustainability.Thesurveyfoundthatwhilemostpeopleareawareofenvironmentalissues,fewerthanhalfactivelytrytoreducetheirecologicalfootprint.Whichofthefollowingexplanationsforthisgapismostlikelydiscussedinthetext?A.Consumersbelievethatindividualactionsaretooinsignificanttomakeadifference.B.Thesurveywasconductedindevelopedcountrieswhereenvironmentalawarenessisnaturallyhigher.C.Companiesdonoteffectivelymarketsustainableproductstoreachabroaderaudience.D.Governmentshavenotimplementedpoliciestoincentivizesustainablechoices.8.AsectionintheUnit3readingcomparestheeffectivenessofdifferentmethodsforconservingwaterinagriculture.Itmentionsdripirrigationasahighlyefficienttechniquebutnotesthatitsadoptionislimitedduetohighinitialcosts.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestcapturestheauthor'sperspectiveonthisissue?A.Dripirrigationistooexpensiveandshouldnotbepromoteduntilcostsdecrease.B.Thefocusshouldbeonsubsidiestomakethistechnologyaccessibletosmallfarmers.C.Whileefficient,dripirrigationisnotaprioritycomparedtootherconservationmethods.D.Thebenefitsofdripirrigationoutweighthefinancialchallenges,andeffortsshouldbemadetoexpanditsuse.9.ThepassageinUnit3includesacasestudyofasmallislandcommunitythatsuccessfullytransitionedtorenewableenergy.Thetexthighlightstheroleofcommunitycooperationandgovernmentsupportinachievingthisgoal.Whichofthefollowingquestionswouldhelpevaluatethesustainabilityofthisinitiative?A."Howmanytouristsvisittheislandeachyear?"B."Didthecommunityfaceanyresistanceduringthetransition?"C."Whatisthelong-termplanformaintainingtherenewableenergyinfrastructure?"D."Howdoestheisland'seconomycomparetoneighboringregions?"10.InthereadingfromUnit3,aconceptcalled"biodegradablewaste"isintroduced.Thetextexplainsthatthistypeofwastebreaksdownnaturallywithoutharmingtheenvironment.Whichofthefollowingexamplesfromthepassagewouldbeconsideredbiodegradablewaste?A.Aplasticbottlethattakeshundredsofyearstodecompose.B.Abananapeelthatdecomposeswithinweeks.C.Ametalcanthatrustsbutneverfullybreaksdown.D.Asyntheticfiberthatpersistsintheenvironmentfordecades.二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit3,theterm"carbonfootprint"refersto_________.Thetextexplainsthatitmeasuresthetotalamountofgreenhousegasesproducedtosupporthumanactivities,includingtransportation,energyconsumption,andmanufacturing.2.InthereadingmaterialfromUnit3,alocalgovernmentinGuangdongprovinceimplementedapolicytoencourageresidentstousepublictransportation.Theinitiativeincluded_________andresultedina15%reductionintrafficcongestionwithinthefirstyear.3.ThepassageinUnit3describesatraditionalChinesefarmingtechniquecalled"mulching,"whichinvolvescoveringsoilwithorganicmaterialstoretainmoistureandreduceweedgrowth.Thismethodisconsideredsustainablebecauseit_________.4.TheUnit3readingincludesastudyontheimpactofdeforestationonbiodiversity.Theresearchfoundthateachyear,approximately_________squarekilometersofforestarelost,leadingtotheextinctionofnumerousplantandanimalspecies.5.AyoungentrepreneurinthepassagefromUnit3startedacompanyproducingeco-friendlypackagingmadefrom_________,whichdecomposesnaturallywithoutpollutingtheenvironment.6.ThetextinUnit3mentionsaglobalsurveyonconsumerbehaviorregardingsustainability.Thesurveyfoundthat_________%ofrespondentswerewillingtopayahigherpriceforenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts.7.InthereadingmaterialfromUnit3,acommunityinruralChinasuccessfullyreduceditswastebyimplementingathree-prongedapproachinvolving_________,policyincentives,andcommunityparticipation.8.ThepassageinUnit3includesacomparisonbetweentraditionalandmodernfarmingpractices.Itnotesthatwhiletraditionalmethodsweresustainableinthepast,moderntechniquesoftenleadto_________andwaterpollution.9.TheUnit3readingdefines"sustainabledevelopment"asmeetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisconceptemphasizestheimportanceof_________andlong-termplanning.10.AsectionintheUnit3readingdiscussesthebenefitsofurbangreenspaces.Theresearchshowsthatparksandgardensincitiescanimproveairquality,reducestress,andevenlower_________rates.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassageinUnit3suggeststhatindividualactionstoreduceenvironmentalimpactareunnecessarybecausegovernmentsandlargecorporationsshouldhandleallenvironmentalissues.(False)2.AccordingtothereadingmaterialfromUnit3,theuseofsingle-useplasticsiscompletelybannedinChinaduetoenvironmentalconcerns.(False)3.TheUnit3textimpliesthatmodernfarmingpracticesarealwaysmoreefficientthantraditionalmethods,regardlessoftheirenvironmentalimpact.(False)4.AkeyconceptintheUnit3readingis"biodegradablewaste,"whichreferstowastethatbreaksdownnaturallywithoutharmingtheenvironment.(True)5.ThepassageinUnit3includesacasestudyofasmallislandcommunitythatsuccessfullytransitionedtorenewableenergy,highlightingtheroleofcommunitycooperationandgovernmentsupport.(True)6.Thetextmentionsthatdripirrigationishighlyefficientforwaterconservationbutisnotwidelyusedduetoitshighinitialcosts.(True)7.AccordingtotheUnit3reading,astudyonurbangreenspacesfoundthatparksandgardenshavenoimpactonairqualityormentalhealth.(False)8.ThepassageinUnit3discussesaglobalsurveyonconsumerbehaviorregardingsustainability,revealingthatmostpeopleareactivelytryingtoreducetheirecologicalfootprint.(False)9.TheUnit3readingdefines"sustainabledevelopment"asprioritizingeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalprotection.(False)10.AsectionintheUnit3textincludesaninterviewwithayoungentrepreneurwhostartedacompanyproducingeco-friendlypackaging,inspiredbyherchildhoodexperienceofseeingplasticwastechokingalocalriver.(True)四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit3,whatarethemainreasonswhyindividualsshouldreducetheircarbonfootprint?Provideatleastthreespecificexamplesmentionedinthetext.2.ThereadingmaterialfromUnit3describesalocalcommunityinsouthernChinathatsuccessfullyreduceditswaste.Whatwerethethreekeyelementsoftheirapproach?Explainhoweachelementcontributedtothesuccessoftheinitiative.3.IntheUnit3passage,acomparisonismadebetweentraditionalandmodernfarmingpractices.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenthesetwoapproaches,andhowdotheyaffecttheenvironment?4.ThetextinUnit3defines"sustainabledevelopment."Whyisthisconceptimportantforaddressingenvironmentalchallenges?Provideanexamplefromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.5.AyoungentrepreneurinthepassagefromUnit3startedacompanyproducingeco-friendlypackaging.Whatinspiredhertopursuethisventure,andwhatchallengesdidsheface?6.TheUnit3readingincludesastudyonurbangreenspaces.Whatarethemultiplebenefitsofhavingparksandgardensincities,asmentionedinthetext?7.AccordingtotheUnit3passage,whydomostpeopleknowaboutenvironmentalissuesbutfeweractivelytrytoreducetheirecologicalfootprint?Provideatleasttwopossibleexplanations.8.Thetextmentionsaglobalsurveyonconsumerbehaviorregardingsustainability.Whatdoesthissurveyrevealaboutconsumerattitudestowardenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts?Howmightcompaniesusethisinformationtoimprovetheirmarketingstrategies?五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.ImagineyouareastudentlivinginGuangzhou.BasedonthepassageinUnit3,writeashortparagraph(about100words)suggestingthreepracticalwaysyoucanreduceyourcarbonfootprintindailylife.Explainhoweachsuggestionhelpstheenvironment.2.ThereadingmaterialfromUnit3describesalocalcommunityinruralChinathatsuccessfullyreduceditswaste.Ifyouwerepartofthiscommunity,whatadditionalmeasurescouldyouproposetofurtherimprovewastemanagement?Provideatleasttwospecificideas.3.IntheUnit3passage,acomparisonismadebetweentraditionalandmodernfarmingpractices.Writeashortparagraph(about100words)explainingwhytraditionalfarmingmethodsmightbemoresustainableinthelongterm,despitetheirlowerproductivity.4.ThetextinUnit3defines"sustainabledevelopment."Writeashortparagraph(about100words)explaininghowthisconceptappliestoyourschool.Provideatleasttwoexamplesofsustainablepracticesyourschoolcouldimplement.5.AyoungentrepreneurinthepassagefromUnit3startedacompanyproducingeco-friendlypackaging.Writeashortparagraph(about100words)describinghowyouwouldmarketherproductstostudentslikeyourself.Highlightatleasttwokeysellingpoints.6.TheUnit3readingincludesastudyonurbangreenspaces.Writeashortparagraph(about100words)explainingwhycitiesshouldinvestmoreincreatingandmaintaininggreenspaces.Provideatleasttwobenefitsmentionedinthetext.7.AccordingtotheUnit3passage,whydomostpeopleknowaboutenvironmentalissuesbutfeweractivelytrytoreducetheirecologicalfootprint?Writeashortparagraph(about100words)explaininghowyouwouldencourageyourpeerstotakeaction.8.Thetextmentionsaglobalsurveyonconsumerbehaviorregardingsustainability.Writeashortparagraph(about100words)describinghowacompanycouldusethissurveytoimproveitssustainabilityefforts.Provideatleasttwospecificactionsthecompanycouldtake.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.C解析：根据Unit3的阅读材料，文章的主要目的是鼓励读者通过日常习惯承担个人责任，以保护环境。选项C准确反映了作者意图，因为它强调了个人责任和日常行为的重要性。选项A过于极端，选项B和D与文章内容不符。2.C解析：文章提到一个中国南部地区的社区通过教育、政策激励和社区参与实施了三方面的措施来减少废物。选项C最准确地总结了这些关键要素，因为它涵盖了教育、奖励和社区参与。其他选项要么过于片面，要么与文章描述不符。3.C解析：文章对比了传统和现代农业实践，指出传统方法在过去是可持续的，而现代技术往往导致土壤退化和水污染。作者对这一问题的态度是批判性的，强调了现代农业的负面影响并倡导回归传统方法。选项C最准确地捕捉了作者的语气。4.B解析：文章定义了“可持续发展”为满足当代人的需求，同时不损害后代人满足其需求的能力。选项B（学校安装太阳能板以减少能源消耗）最符合这个定义，因为它兼顾了当前需求（减少能源消耗）和未来利益（减少碳排放）。5.C解析：文章提到一位年轻企业家因童年目睹塑料垃圾堵塞当地河流而创办了一家生产环保包装的公司。要理解她承诺的深度，最佳问题是“是什么激励你继续尽管初期失败？”这个问题有助于了解她的决心和毅力。6.C解析：文章讨论了城市绿地的研究，指出公园和花园可以改善空气质量、减轻压力甚至降低犯罪率。作者认为这些空间非常重要，因为它们提供了环境和社交优势，值得纳入城市规划。选项C最准确地反映了作者的观点。7.A解析：文章提到一项关于消费者行为可持续性的全球调查，发现虽然大多数人知道环境问题，但不到一半的人积极尝试减少生态足迹。文章最可能解释这一差距的原因是消费者认为个人行为太微不足道，无法产生影响。8.D解析：文章比较了不同农业节水方法的有效性，提到滴灌技术非常高效，但由于初始成本高，采用率有限。作者的观点是，尽管存在财务挑战，但滴灌的好处超过了成本，应努力扩大其使用。选项D最准确地捕捉了作者的视角。9.D解析：文章提到一个中国小岛社区成功过渡到可再生能源，强调社区合作和政府支持的作用。要评估这一倡议的可持续性，最佳问题是“长期计划是什么，以维持可再生能源基础设施？”这个问题有助于了解未来的发展方向。10.B解析：文章介绍了“可生物降解废物”的概念，解释这种废物自然分解而不损害环境。选项B（香蕉皮在几周内分解）是可生物降解废物的例子，而其他选项（塑料瓶、金属罐、合成纤维）则不是。二、填空题1.thetotalamountofgreenhousegasesproducedtosupporthumanactivities解析：根据Unit3的阅读材料，“碳足迹”是指支持人类活动的温室气体总量，包括交通、能源消耗和制造。2.subsidiesforusingpublictransportation解析：文章提到一个中国地方政府实施政策鼓励居民使用公共交通，包括为使用公共交通提供补贴，并在第一年减少了15%的交通拥堵。3.itconserveswaterandreducessoilerosion解析：文章描述了传统中国农业技术“覆盖”，即用有机材料覆盖土壤以保持水分和减少杂草生长。这种方法被认为是可持续的，因为它节约用水并减少土壤侵蚀。4.13million解析：文章提到一项关于森林砍伐对生物多样性的影响的研究，发现每年约有1300万平方公里的森林被砍伐，导致许多动植物灭绝。5.plantfibers解析：文章提到一位年轻企业家创办了一家生产环保包装的公司，这些包装由植物纤维制成，自然分解而不污染环境。6.45解析：文章提到一项关于消费者行为可持续性的全球调查，发现45%的受访者愿意为环保产品支付更高的价格。7.education解析：文章提到一个中国农村社区通过实施教育、政策激励和社区参与的三方面措施成功减少了废物。8.soildegradation解析：文章对比了传统和现代农业实践，指出传统方法在过去是可持续的，而现代技术往往导致土壤退化和水污染。9.balancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection解析：文章定义了“可持续发展”为满足当代人的需求，同时不损害后代人满足其需求的能力。这个概念强调经济发展与环境保护之间的平衡和长期规划。10.crime解析：文章讨论了城市绿地的益处，指出公园和花园可以改善空气质量、减轻压力甚至降低犯罪率。三、判断题1.False解析：文章强调个人责任，但并未表示政府和企业应完全处理所有环境问题。个人行动也是重要的。2.False解析：文章提到中国正在努力减少塑料使用，但并未表示完全禁止。3.False解析：文章指出现代农业技术可能对环境有害，并非总是比传统方法更高效。4.True解析：文章介绍了“可生物降解废物”的概念，解释这种废物自然分解而不损害环境。5.True解析：文章提到一个中国小岛社区成功过渡到可再生能源，强调社区合作和政府支持的作用。6.True解析：文章提到滴灌技术非常高效，但由于初始成本高，采用率有限。7.False解析：文章指出公园和花园可以改善空气质量、减轻压力和降低犯罪率。8.False解析：文章提到只有不到一半的人积极尝试减少生态足迹，并非大多数人。9.False解析：文章定义“可持续发展”为平衡经济发展与环境保护，而非优先考虑经济。10.True解析：文章提到一位年轻企业家因童年目睹塑料垃圾堵塞当地河流而创办了一家生产环保包装的公司。四、简答题1.-Reducingenergyconsumptionbyusingenergy-efficientappliancesandturningofflightswhennotinuse.Thishelpsreducegreenhousegasemissionsfrompowerplants.-Usingpublictransportationorwalkinginsteadofdriving.Thisreducesairpollutionandtrafficcongestion.-Reducingmeatconsumption,especiallybeef,aslivestockfarmingproducessignificantamountsofmethane.Thishelpslowergreenhousegasemissions.2.-Education:Raisingawarenessaboutwastereductionthroughworkshopsandcampaigns.-Policyincentives:Offeringrewardsforrecyclingandpenaltiesforlittering.-Communityparticipation:Encouragingresidentstoparticipateinclean-updrivesandrecyclingprograms.3.-Traditionalfarming:Usesnaturalmethodslikecroprotationandorganicfertilizers,whicharesustainableandpreservesoilhealth.-Modernfarming:Reliesonchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,whichcancontaminatesoilandwater,andleadtosoildegradation.4.-Sustainabledevelopmentemphasizesbalancingeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.Itensuresthatcurrentneedsaremetwithoutcompromisingfuturegenerations.Forexample,usingrenewableenergysourceslikesolarpanelsreducescarbonemissionsandprotectstheenvironmentforfuturegenerations.5.-Inspiration:Shewasinspiredbywitnessingplasticwastechokingalocalriverduringherchildhood.-Challenges:Shefacedresistancefromcompetitorswhowerealreadyestablishedinthemarketanddifficultyconvincingcustomerstoswitchtoeco-friendlyproducts.6.-Improveairquality:Plantsabsorbcarbondioxideandreleaseoxygen,improvingairquality.-Reducestress:Greenspacesprovidearelaxingenvironment,whichcanreducestressandimprovementalhealth.-Lowercrimerates:Parksandgardenscandetercrimebycreatingasenseofcommunityandsafety.7.-Lackofawareness:Somepeoplemaynotbefullyawareoftheimpactoftheiractionsontheenvironment.-Convenience:Manypeoplefinditmoreconvenienttocontinuetheircurrenthabitsratherthanmakechanges.8.-Companiescanusethesurveytoidentifyconsumerpreferencesanddevelopmoresustainableproducts.-Theycanalsousetheinformationtoimprovetheirmarketingstrategiesbyhighlightingtheenvironmentalbenefitsoftheirproducts.五、应用题1.-Usepublictransportation:Takingthebusorsubwayinsteadofdrivingreducescarbonemissionsandtrafficcongestion.-Reduceenergyconsumption:Turningofflightsandusingenergy-efficientappliancessavesenergyandreducesgreenhousegasemissions.-Minimizewaste:Usingreusablebagsandcontainers,andrecyclingproperlyreducestheamountofwastesenttolandfills.2.-Implementacommunitycompostingprogram:Collectingorganicwastefromhouseholdsandschoolstocreatecompostcanreducelandfillwasteandprovidenaturalfertilizer.-Promotea"reduce,