高中英语必修第一册UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD佳作抢鲜背学写作思路，背精彩范文(文体：投稿话题：读报经历)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.读报的经历；2.喜爱的栏目；3.期望和祝福。精彩范文YouthandMeIthasbeen10yearssinceYouthwasestablished.Inmymemory，itisYouththataccompaniesmethroughmywholehighschool.Whenfeelingdepressed，Ioftenchoosetoappreciatethenovelpartwhichincludesalotofimaginativestories.Notonlycanthesestoriesrelievemystress，butalsotheycanbroadenmyhorizon.Besides，IevensubmittedmyownfictiontoYouth.RefusedasIwas，Istillobtainedsomegreatencouragement，whichgivesmeconfidencetobeawriter.IdoexpectYouthcanpublishmoreclassicworksandhaveapromisingfuture.迁移运用每日句型练透：notonly位于句首的倒装句notonly＋助/系/情态动词＋主语＋...，butalso...1.Notonlydoesoceanofferussufficientfood，butalsoitmaintainsthebalanceofnature.(2022·全国甲卷)海洋不仅为我们提供了足够的食物，而且还保持了自然的平衡。2.Tosumup/Inconclusion，thejourneydidn’tonlybroadenmyvisionbutitalsomademeknowmoreaboutthelocalculture.→Tosumup/Inconclusion，notonlydidthejourneybroadenmyvisionbutitalsomademeknowmoreaboutthelocalculture.语境背诵(限时：25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读单词1.consistofonebillionstars由十亿颗恒星组成2.becomeawell-developedwritingsystem成为一个完善的书写体系3.brokenbones骨折4.datefromtheTangDynasty追溯至唐朝5.understandthelocaldialect懂当地方言6.befondofpaintingandcalligraphy喜欢画画和书法7.aspecificpurpose一个特定的用途8.theendofsemester学期末9.thepriceofpetrol汽油价格10.takethesubway乘地铁11.rentalittletwo-roomapartment租一所两室的小公寓12.apairofpants一条短裤Ⅱ.核心单词1.haveapositiveattitudeto/towardslife对生活持积极的态度2.despitehardtimes尽管时世艰难3.thekeyfactor关键的因素4.asymbolofpeace和平的象征5.carvesomesymbolsonanimalbonesandshells在动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻一些符号6.ameansofcommunication通信手段7.readtheclassicworks阅读经典作品8.begyourpardon请求原谅9.generationgap代沟10.enlargeyourvocabulary扩大你的词汇量———————————————————————1.nativeadj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n.本地人2.regardn.尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待3.charactern.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点4.affairn.公共事务；事件；关系5.strugglen.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗———————————————————————————————————Ⅲ.派生单词1.refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→referencen.指称关系；参考2.basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→basedadj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basicadj.基本的；基础的→basicallyadv.根本上；基本上→basisn.基础；根据3.varyvt.&vi.(使)变化→variousadj.不同的；各种各样的→varietyn.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化4.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→majorityn.大多数；大半5.globen.球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球的；全世界的6.appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciationn.欣赏；感激；感谢7.equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equalityn.平等；相等→equallyadv.同样地；相等地；公平地8.demandn.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问→demandingadj.要求高的9.describevt.描述；形容；描绘→descriptionn.描写(文字)；形容10.relatevt.联系；讲述→relatedadj.有关系的；有关联的→relationn.关系1.referto指的是；提到；查阅；描述(生义)2.upsanddowns浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3.inancienttimes在古代4.pointofview观点；看法5.bridgethegapbetweenus缩小我们之间的差距6.relateto与……相关；涉及；谈到7.datebacktotheTangDynasty追溯到唐朝8.leadtoariseinbloodpressure导致血压升高9.playamajorroleininfluencingpeople’sopinions在影响舆论方面发挥着重要作用10.beconnectedwithexposuretothesun与日晒有关联1.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible，butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.(why引导定语从句)这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。2.Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.(Itwasatimewhen...；分词短语作状语)多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。3.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.(beof＋抽象名词)这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。4.Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.(“nomatter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。5themoreIlearntofalanguage，themoremybrainwouldgrow.(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。6.IusedtogethighmarksinEnglish，butnowI’mhavingalotoftroublewithmylistening.(语言学习)过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。【词汇拓展记忆】盘点-ic结尾形容词加-ally变副词单复数意义不同的名词小结无“被动语态”的短语①basic基本的→basically基本上；根本上②specific具体的→specifically具体地③scientific科学的→scientifically科学地④automatic自动的→automatically自动地⑤enthusiastic热情的→enthusiastically热情地①custom风俗→customs海关②manner方式→manners礼貌③paper纸→papers文件④art艺术→arts文科⑤short短片→shorts短裤；内裤⑥mean平均值→means方式；方法；途径①datefrom/backto追溯到②comeintobeing诞生③takeplace发生④belongto属于⑤comeintoexistence成立；开始存在语基默写(限时：20分钟)Ⅰ.单词拼写一、阅读单词——知其意1.billionn.十亿2.systemn.体系；制度；系统3.bonen.骨头；骨(质)4.dynastyn.王朝；朝代5.dialectn.地方话；方言6.calligraphyn.书法；书法艺术7.specificadj.特定的；明确的；具体的8.semestern.学期9.subwayn.地铁10.apartmentn.公寓套房11.petroln.汽油12.pantsn.内裤；短裤；裤子二、核心单词——写其形1.despiteprep.即使；尽管2.meansn.方式；方法；途径3.charactern.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点4.affairn.公共事务；事件；关系5.factorn.因素；要素6.gapn.间隔；开口；差距7.symboln.符号；象征8.vocabularyn.词汇■结合语境运用单词9.Regarded(认为)asaninstructiveEnglishbroadcastprogram，“TalkandTalk”issetuptoshareefficientmethodsoflearningEnglishwithusteenagers.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)10.Native(本地的)Americanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)11.Sometouristslikecarving(雕刻)theirnamesonthebuildingsinscenicspots，whichisabadbehaviorinmyopinion.12.Notonlydidtheraceimproveourphysicalandpsychologicalquality，butitalsohelpedusbuildapositiveattitude(态度)towardslife.13.Thereisnodoubtthattheprotectionofclassic(传统的)literatureisofgreatimportance.14.Intheshortfilm，youcanlearnthatmyschoolhasbeenstruggling(奋斗)forabetterfuture.三、拓展单词——通其变1.basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→basedadj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basicadj.基本的；基础的→basicallyadv.根本上；基本上→basisn.基础；根据2.varyvt.&vi.(使)变化→variousadj.不同的；各种各样的→varietyn.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化3.appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciationn.欣赏；感激；感谢4.equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equallyadv.同样地；相等地；公平地→equalityn.平等；相等5.relatevt.联系；讲述→relatedadj.有关系的；有关联的→relationn.关系■利用语境串记单词6.ThemajorityofthestudentslookforwardtomajoringinEnglishbecauseEnglishmajorscanfindajobeasily.(major)7.Whentakingexaminations，wearebannedfromreferringtoourreferencebooks.(refer)8.Becauseitwasademandingtask，themanagerdemandedthatwe(should)workextrahourstomeetcustomers’demands.(demand)9.Ihavedifficultydescribingthetouristattraction，whosebeautyisbeyonddescription.(describe)10.First，tryeverymeanstofightagainstglobalwarming，whichhasbecomeagreatthreattoseacreaturesaroundtheglobe.(globe)(2022·全国甲卷)Ⅱ.短语填空1.referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅2.upsanddowns浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3.dateback(to...)追溯到4.pointofview观点；看法5.relateto与……相关；涉及；谈到6.leadto导致7.playamajorrolein在……中起着重要的作用8.bridgethegapbetweenus缩小我们之间的差距■根据语境选词填空9.YourtalkshowcancoveranythingrelatedtoEnglish，orwhatschoollifeislikeinyourcountry.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)10.Whenyoumakeaspeech，you’dbetterprepareforitwellinadvanceandnotrefertoyournotestoooften.11.Frommypointofview，weshouldlearntoappreciatelifeandholdapositiveattitudedespitetheupsanddowns.12.ThiscustomdatesbacktotheTangDynastyandwasverypopularinthenorthofChinathen.13.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatoceansplayamajorroleintheworld.(2022·全国甲卷)Ⅲ.句式仿写1.句型公式：Itwasatimewhen...那是一个很多年轻人到农村去锻炼的时代。Itwasatimewhenmanyyoungpeoplewenttothecountrysidetogetsometraining.2.句型公式：“nomatter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句无论你参观哪个旅游景点，你最好去吃各种当地小吃，体验当地的文化和风俗。Nomatterwhichtouristattractionyouvisit，you’dbettertakebiteofvariouslocalfoodandexperiencelocalculturesandcustoms.3.句型公式：beof＋抽象名词在我看来，保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。(2021·全国乙卷)Frommypointofview，strikingabalancebetweenonlinelearningandourlifeisofgreatimportance/significance.Part1核心要点突破1.refervi.(referred，referred，referring)提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→referencen.指称关系；参考【佳句背诵】ReferredtoasSteelRoses，theChinesewomansoccerteamplayershavewonourworshipandrespectrecently.被称为“铿锵玫瑰”的中国女足队员最近赢得了我们的崇拜和尊重。【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Asforthelivingconditions，herearesomedetailsforyourreference(refer).②Iamwritingtoaskforinformationin/withreferencetowhatkindsoftraditionalChineseculturesappealtoforeignersmost.(2021·全国甲卷)我写信想了解关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的信息。③Ifyoumeetwiththecharactersyoudon’tknow，Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)refertoreferencebooksorturntoothersforhelp.(建议信)如果你遇到了不认识的字，我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。【用法归纳】·referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅refertoabook/dictionary查阅书/词典referto...as...称……为……·referencebooks/materials参考书/参考资料in/withreferenceto关于2.basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→basicadj.基本的；基础的→basisn.基础【佳句背诵】MychoicesarebasedonthelifestyleIwant.(2022·浙江1月卷)我的选择是基于我想要的生活方式。【以练促学】单句语法填空/句式升级①Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandarealsoofferedopportunitiestowatchtabletenniscompetitionsonaregularbasis.②You’dbetterlearnsomebasic(base)ChinesebeforeyoustudyforadegreeinaChineseculture.③Thenovelisbasedonaninterestingstoryanditiswellworthreading.→Basedonaninterestingstory，thenoveliswellworthreading.(分词短语作状语)→Thenovelbasedonaninterestingstoryiswellworthreading.(分词短语作定语)【用法归纳】·base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上bebasedon/upon...以……为基础·onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期onthebasisof在……的基础上3.meansn.方法；方式；途径【佳句背诵】You’dbetterpracticeusingchopsticksinadvance，whichisalsoameansofshowingyourgoodtablemanners.(建议信)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。【以练促学】单句语法填空/句式升级①Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try)，butnonehasworked.→Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried(try)，butnonehasworked.②Maccouldbynomeansscarethewolfoff/awaywithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind-heartedPaul.→BynomeanscouldMacscarethewolfoff/awaywithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind-heartedPaul.(倒装)【用法归纳】ameansof一种……的方法(means单复数同形)byallmeans可以；当然行；没问题bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)4.appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciationn.欣赏；感激【佳句背诵】TogetherweappreciatedthefinestartsfromPekingOperatotheIrishdance.(2022·浙江1月卷)我们一起欣赏了从京剧到爱尔兰舞蹈的最好的艺术。【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Iappreciatehavingbeengiven(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.②I’mwritingtoconveymyappreciation(appreciate)forwhatyoudidformeduringmystayinLondon.(感谢信)③IwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesomepracticaladviceonhowtoimprovemyoralEnglishandI’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.(求助信)如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的实用建议，我将非常感激，我期待你的早日答复。【用法归纳】·appreciate(one’s)doingsth喜欢/感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……，我将不胜感激·express/conveyone’sappreciationtosb向某人表达感激之情5.strugglen.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗【佳句背诵】Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)他们中的许多家庭都在努力维持生计。【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Fromnowon，youshouldprepareyourselfforyourfuture，struggleforyourdreamandyouwillgettheofferfromBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.②Atpresent，thecountryhastostruggleagainst/withallkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.③Thoughitwasastruggletosellthepopcorn，Bernardmanagedtosellitout.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)虽然爆米花很难卖出去，伯纳德还是设法卖光了爆米花。【用法归纳】·strugglefor...为……而斗争/奋斗strugglewith/againstsb/sth与某人/某事做斗争struggletodosth努力做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来·itisastruggle(forsb)todosth(对于某人而言)做某事真是难事6.equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的；相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的v.与……相等，等于；比得上→equalityn.平等；相等→equallyadv.同等地；公平地【佳句背诵】IamconvincedthatIamequaltobeingavolunteerfortheChinesepaintingexhibition.我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。(申请信，全国Ⅰ卷)【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Frommypointofview，MichaelJordaniswithoutequalinplayingbasketball.②Youshouldbepositiveandcheerful，foryourmentalhealthisequaltoyourphysicalhealth.③Learningtotellthedifferencebetweenthetrueandthefalseisequallyimportant.(发言稿，2021·全国乙卷)学会辨别真假同样重要。【用法归纳】·bewithoutequal＝havenoequal无与伦比·beequalto(doing)sth等于/胜任(做)某事·equalsb/sthin(doing)sth在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物7.demandn.需求；要求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问(生义)→demandingadj.要求高的【佳句背诵】Becausepickingapplesinvolvedclimbingtrees，thefarmersdemandedthatweshouldbecautiousandcareful.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)因为摘苹果需要爬树，农民们要求我们谨慎小心。【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Asnewmembersareindemandinourbasketballclub，I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinit.(邀请信)②Endlesshumandemandforresourcesaccountsforarapidriseincarbonemission，bringingtheglobaltemperaturetoanunprecedentedlevel.人类对资源无休止的需求导致碳排放急剧上升，使全球气温达到前所未有的水平。③Fatherdemandedthetwins(should)/tocleanupthekitchenwhenhehelpedmakebreakfast.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)父亲要求双胞胎在他帮忙做早餐时把厨房打扫干净。【用法归纳】·in(great)demand需求量大meet/satisfyone’sdemand(s)满足某人的需求·demandtodosth要求做某事demandthat...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)8.dateback(to...)追溯到【佳句背诵】Chineseteaculturedatesbackto/datesfromthousandsofyearsagoanddrinkingteagraduallybecameatradition.(传统文化)中国茶文化可以追溯到几千年前，饮茶逐渐成为一种传统。【以练促学】一句多译我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是追溯到公元前478年的孔庙。(推荐信)→ThetouristattractionIstronglyrecommendtoyouisConfuciusTemplethat/whichdatesbackto478BC.(定语从句)→ThetouristattractionIstronglyrecommendtoyouisConfuciusTempledatingbackto478BC.(分词短语作定语)【用法归纳】datebackto＝datefrom追溯到……gobackto追溯到……[点拨]dateback(to)和datefrom一般只用现在时态，没有进行时和被动语态。9.句型公式：“beof＋名词”结构【教材原句】ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.这一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。【佳句背诵】Frommypointofview，raisingpeople’sawarenessofprotectingoceansisofgreatimportance/significance.(2022·全国甲卷)在我看来，提高人们保护海洋的意识是非常重要的。【以练促学】补全句子/一句多译①Itiscommonforteenagersofyouragetocomeacrosssimilarchallenges.(劝慰信)对于你这个年龄的青少年来说，遇到类似的挑战是很常见的。②学会自律对我们的英语学习大有益处。→LearningtodisciplineourselvesisofgreatbenefittoourEnglishlearning.→LearningtodisciplineourselvesisverybeneficialtoourEnglishlearning.【用法归纳】·beof＋抽象名词＝be＋该名词的同根形容词beofgreateq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(value,importance,significance,use,help,benefit))＝beveryeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(valuable,important,significant,useful,helpful,beneficial))·of＋size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality等表人或物的属性的名词，在句中作表语或定语。10.句型公式：“nomatter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句【教材原句】Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。【佳句背诵】However/NomatterhowbusyIam，IwillsparesometimeeverydaytohelptheexchangestudentswithChineseandtellthemmoreaboutourcustomsandtraditions.无论我多么忙，每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助交换生学习汉语，并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。【以练促学】补全句子①Whenever/Nomatterwhenyouneedhelp，Isincerelyhopethatyoucangetintouchwithmewithouthesitation.无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。②Everyyear，whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就能在风筝节上获奖。【用法归纳】nomatterwhere在句中引导让步状语从句。·“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。·whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。Part2基础达标检测(限时：20分钟)维度一语境运用练——单句语法填空1.Written(write)ChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.2.Toourshock，theyounggirlstruggledtosupport(support)alargefamilylastyear，whichwasappreciated(appreciate)byherfamilymembers.3.What’smore，thethiefwasfinallyarrestedandputintojail，thankstoyourdetaileddescription(describe)ofhisfacialfeatures.4.Specifically(specific)speaking，Iamexpressingmyappreciation(appreciate)toyouforyoureffortintherescuework.5.Notonlydotheyprovideabundantresourcesandfoodforus，buttheyarealsocrucialfortheglobal(globe)climatedevelopment.(2022·全国甲卷)6.Thoughmajoring(major)inengineering，theladymadeeveryefforttolearncalligraphywhichisregarded(regard)asanartform.7.Thereareavariety(vary)ofbooksinthebookstoreforustochoosefrom，likehistorybooks，sciencebooks，reference(refer)booksandsoon.8.Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowards/tocollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend.9.Itwasatimewhenwomenwerelookeddownuponandhadnorighttoreceiveeducation.10.Thetsunamireferred(refer)tointhereportsweptawayabout2，000people，shockingtherestofthecountry.维度二语境辨义练——熟词生义/一词多义1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思①HewroteanarticleforPeople’sDailyregardinghowtobuildaharmonioussociety.prep.关于②Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework，hetoldme.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)vt.重视③Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3，000meters，givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants.(全国Ⅰ卷)n.底部2.选出major的汉语意思eq\x(A.adj.重要的B.n.主修课程C.v.主修)①CalligraphyisregardedasamajorpartofChineseculturesincetheHanDynasty.A②Ilovepaintingverymuch.Istartedlearningpaintingatanearlyageandchosepaintingartandhistoryasmymajorincollege.(全国Ⅰ卷)B③AsfarasIknow，MaryismajoringinFrenchatStanfordUniversity.C维度三写作提能练补全句子/词汇升级/一句多译1.Theadviceyougaveusprovedtobeofgreatvalue，withoutwhichwecouldn’thaveachievedourdreams.你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们不可能实现我们的梦想。2.Itwashisoptimisticattitudetolifeandhardworkthatfinallyledhimtosuccess.(强调句型)正是他乐观的生活态度和努力工作最终使他走向了成功。3.Justasthesayinggoes，“Onetreedoesn’tmakeaforest”，oursuccessisbasedoncooperatingwithothers.常言道，“独木不成林”，我们的成功建立在与他人合作的基础上。4.Thereareallkindsofactivitiestobeheldinourschool，includinghandwritingcontestsandrunningraces.→Thereareavarietyof/various/varietiesofactivitiestobeheldinourschool，includinghandwritingcontestsandrunningraces.5.我不能和你外出是因为我必须照顾我生病的爷爷。(道歉信，2021·北京卷)→ThereasonwhyIfailtogooutwithyouisthatIhavetocareformysickgrandfather.→Ihavetocareformysickgrandfather.That’swhyIfailtogooutwithyou.→Ifailtogooutwithyou.That’sbecauseIhavetocareformysickgrandfather.双写培优练练一应用文写作运用(建议信——参观故宫)1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子①得知你要参观追溯到明朝的故宫，我写信给你一些建议。LearningthatyouwillvisittheForbiddenCitydatingbackto/thatdatesbackto/whichdatesbacktotheMingDynasty，Iamwritingtoofferyousometips.②由于你缺乏关于故宫的知识，你最好提前查阅相关资料。(分词短语作状语)Owingtoyourlackofknowledgeaboutit，you’dbetterrefertosomerelevantmaterialsinadvance.③我强烈要求你雇用一位导游，这是详细了解故宫的好方式。Istronglydemandthatyou(should)hireatouristguide，whichisagoodmeansofknowingmoreaboutitindetail.④同样重要的是，你应该穿运动鞋，这样你就不会太疲倦了。(sothat)Equallyimportantisthatyoushouldwearsneakerssothatyouwon’tgettooexhausted.⑤听从以上建议，你就能尽情地欣赏故宫之美。FollowtheabovesuggestionsandyoucanappreciatethebeautyoftheForbiddenCitytothefullest.2.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇LearningthatyouwillvisittheForbiddenCitydatingbackto/thatdatesbackto/whichdatesbacktotheMingDynasty，Iamwritingtoofferyousometips.Firstly，owingtoyourlackofknowledgeaboutit，you’dbetterrefertosomerelevantmaterialsinadvance.Besides，Istronglydemandthatyou(should)hireatouristguide，whichisagoodmeansofknowingmoreaboutitindetail.Lastbutnotleast，equallyimportantisthatyoushouldwearsneakerssothatyouwon’tgettooexhausted.Allinall，followtheabovesuggestionsandyoucanappreciatethebeautyoftheForbiddenCitytothefullest.练二续写能力升华(热考话题分步构思)热考话题三救人类高考读后续写会经常涉及救人脱困的话题。在这个话题中有时会写到危难之际，利用所学急救知识，成功救人脱离生命危险的故事；有时会写到楼内突发火灾，警察或群众舍己救人的故事；有时会写到群众或路人遇到有人不幸溺水，鼓足勇气跳入水中施救的故事。可以这样构思情节：第一步：救人之前(恶劣环境描写、负面情绪描写等)第二步：救人之中(惊险场面描写、实施救援的过程描写、感受描写等)第三步：救人之后(感激、感谢、升华等)构思情节第一步：救人之前1.恶劣环境①Inthemiddleofthepond，theicegavewaywithasuddencrack.在池塘中间，冰面忽然露出了一条裂缝。②Athickburningsmellfilledtheair.空气里弥漫着浓厚灼热的味道。2.负面情绪①Watchingtheshoreinthedistance，Ifeltpowerlessasifweweretinyboatsatthemercyofstrongwaves(比喻).看着远处的海岸，我感到无能为力，就好像我们是被巨浪蹂躏的小船。②Thethoughtthatwemightdiehereflashedacrossmymind，whichmademequiverwithanuncontrollableterror/horror/fright.我们可能会死在这里的念头闪过我的脑海，使我因无法控制的恐惧而发抖。[触类旁通]Afewdayslater，somethingterriblehappenedtoRonny.Thatafternoonafterschool，Ronnywasbathingwithsomeofhisnewfriendsintheriverhappily.Suddenly，①hewasstuckinthemudandcouldn’tgetout(他被困在泥里，无法出来).Hestruggledhardbuthewasstilltrapped.②Hescreamedforhelp，butallinvain(他尖叫着呼救，但都没有成功).Hisfriendsgotoutofthewaterasfastastheycould.③Theyweresoscaredanddidnoteventrytohelphim(他们很害怕，甚至没有试图帮助他).(提示：构思情节第二步见下一单元。)Part3高考题型通关(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·南京二模)IfyouhavenodifficultyinunderstandingwhatnativeEnglishspeakerssayindailylife，thereisawholenewworldofbrilliantpodcast(播客)seriestoexplore.Ifyouaren’tsurewheretostart，havealookatthese：TheJoeRoganExperienceTheJoeRoganExperienceisagreatlearningdevicebecauseofitsinterestingEnglishconversationsbetweenRoganandhisguests.Atthetimeofwritingtherehavebeenover1，660episodeswithsubjectsrangingfromcomedyandsciencetopoliticsandsports.Roganisalsoafamousstand-upcomedian，sotheshowisfullofculturalreferencesandidioms.ThisAmericanLifeThisAmericanLifeisagreatchoiceforEnglishlearnerswhowantaninsightintothecultureoftheUSA.Itisamixtureofjournalismandstorytelling，focusingonreal-lifetalesfromcitizensofallregionsofthecountry.Thestoriesarenewandvaried.Oneepisodewastapedfor24hoursinanall-nightrestaurant;anotherinterviewedworkersonstrike.TheWriter’sVoiceTheNewYorkerisafamousAmericanmagazine，andeveryweekitprintsanewshortstory.Inthispodcast，theweek’sstoryisreadaloudbyitswriter.ThepublishedworkcoversawiderangeoflifeexperiencesacrosstheUnitedStatesandbeyond.It’sagreatwaytoenjoysomeofthebestnewfictioninthecountry.OverheardatNationalGeographicNationalGeographicisamuch-lovedAmericanmagazine(andTVchannel)famousforincrediblestoriesandphotographyrelatedtoscienceandtheenvironment.OverheardisaboutthediscussionsNatGeoemployeeshavehadwhiletakingbreaks.Expectcrazystoriesfromexplorers，photographers，andscientistsfromaroundtheworld.【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要是向理解英语没有困难的人介绍了全新的精彩播客系列。1.Inordertofullyenjoythesepodcasts，youshould.A.haveinteractionwithhostsB.havegoodEnglishcompetenceC.beinterestedinbeingapodcasterD.befamiliarwithAmericansociallife答案B[细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Ifyouhavenodifficultyin...podcastseriestoexplore.”可知，如果想要完全享受这些播客，首先你要有好的英语能力。]2.Whichpodcastgivesyoumorestoriesbehindthescene?A.TheWriter’sVoice.B.ThisAmericanLife.C.TheJoeRoganExperience.D.OverheardatNationalGeographic.答案D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“OverheardisaboutthediscussionsNatGeoemployeeshavehadwhiletakingbreaks.”可知，OverheardatNationalGeographic可以让你听到更多的幕后故事。]3.Whatdothesepodcastshaveincommon?A.Theyenjoygreatpopularity.B.TheirstoriesaresetinAmerica.C.Theyareattachedtomagazines.D.Theirworksareupdatedweekly.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一个小标题下第二句和其余三个小标题的第一句可知，这几个播客的共同点是它们都很受欢迎。](2023·浙江山水联盟联考)AccordingtothestatisticssharedbyUNESCO，atleast43%ofthetotallanguagesthatareestimatedasbeingspokenacrosstheworldareindangerofextinction.Moreover，manylanguagesaroundtheworldhavelessthan1，000speakersnow.Linguists(语言学家)andresearchersbelievethatbytheendofthecentury，atleasthalfoftheworld’slanguageswillhavedied.Thisistroublesome，giventhatculturalidentityandlanguagesgohandinhand.Languageactivistsandpeoplewhospeaktheseendangeredlanguagesarefightingbacktoothandnail.Scientistsbelievethatdigitalizationmightbeouronlyhopetopreservesomeofthesequicklydisappearinglanguagesintheonlineworld.Forinstance，OxfordUniversityPresslaunchedOxfordGlobalLanguagesafewyearsago.Itisaninitiativethatboosts“digitallyunderrepresented”languages.Theyarefocusedonpromotinglanguagesthatmighthaveclosetoamillionspeakersworldwide，yethavelittleornoonlinepresence.Therefore，theyhavebeencreatingdigitaldictionariesasafundamentalbuildingblocktohelppreservethem.Therehavebeencountlessotherprojectslikethiswiththesameaim.AnotheristheRosettaProject，whichaimstocreateahandhelddigitallibrarythatwillcarrymorethan1，500languages.Itwillbeappropriatelysizedtofitnicelyintoourhands，andwillcomewitharound13，000pagesofinformation.Itwillalsohaveahighlifeexpectancyofanywherebetween2，000and10，000years.Initiativeslikethesehavetheirprimaryobjectivetoensurethepreservationoflocallanguageslongaftertheirspeakershavedied.Countlesslanguagesaredyingeveryday，andtheywillcontinuetoperishastheremainingspeakersdie.Ofcourse，wecannotmerelyrelyondigitizationtodealwithworldwidelanguagesloss.However，itisastepintherightdirection.Thesedigitaltoolsofferendangeredlanguagesanopportunitytobouncebackandsurvive.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲的是世界上的很多语言面临消失的危险，而技术和数码工具可能是保护这些濒危语言的最佳方式之一。4.Whatdoesthedatainparagraph1mainlyshow?A.Manylanguagesareendangered.B.Culturedetermineslanguageevolution.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Manylinguistsattempttoprotectthreatenedlanguages.答案A[段落大意题。第一段中提到的数据分别表明，全世界至少有43%的语言正面临消亡的危险，现在世界上许多语言的使用者不到1，000人，而且到本世纪末，世界上至少一半的语言将消亡。由此推知，这些数据是为了说明许多语言都濒临消亡。]5.WhatdoesOxfordGlobalLanguagestrytodo?A.Promoteonlinecoursesoflocallanguages.B.Publishpaperdictionariesofgloballanguages.C.Increasedyinglanguagespeakerstoamillion.D.Makecertainlanguagesavailableindigitalform.答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Itisaninitiativethatboosts...theyhavebeencreatingdigitaldictionaries”可知，OxfordGlobalLanguages是一项促进“数字代表性不足”语言的倡议，通过创建数字词典来推广那些在全世界有近100万人说但几乎没有或根本没有线上形式的语言。也就是说，这一项目致力于使某些语言能够以数字形式保留下来。]6.WhatcanwelearnaboutthedigitallibrarytobecreatedbytheRosettaProject?A.Itisportablebuthasashortlife.B.ItissponsoredbyOxfordUniversityPress.C.Itprovidesprotectionforlinguisticdiversity.D.Itcontainsautomaticallyupdatedinformation.答案C[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Initiativeslikethese...longaftertheirspeakershavedied”可知，类似这样的项目的首要目标是确保某些地方语言在使用者去世后仍能保留下来。也就是说，RosettaProject创建数字图书馆是为了保护地方语言，即保护语言的多样性。]7.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“perish”inthelastparagraph?A.Beenriched. B.Belost.C.Beacquired. D.Beinvented.答案B[词义猜测题。根据画线单词前面的“Countlesslanguagesaredyingeveryday”和“continue”以及后面的“theremainingspeakersdie”可知，每天都有无数种语言在消亡，它们将随着剩下的使用者的死亡而继续“消亡”。根据语境可知perish与die是同义词，意为“消亡，消失”，故选Belost。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·衡水中学素养提升五)IthappenedamonthafterIbeganteachingintheUS.Ihadto1theclassschedule.“We’llneedtopreponethequiz，”Isaid，preparingforthegroans(咕哝)frommystudents.Instead，therewasatotal2.Ilookedaroundtosee3expressionsontheirfaces—thatlookof“IhaveNOideawhatyoujustsaid，”whichstopsanyteachermid-lectureto4aconceptfurther.ItwasthenthatIfoundoutthat“prepone”wasnota(n)5wordinEnglishdictionaries.Ibelievedthatpreponemeantthe6ofpostpone—moving