新英语综合教程(第三册)U4课件 Scientific Spirit

新实用英语综合教程(第三册)PracticalEnglishIntegratedCourse(III)Unit4ScientificSpiritCONTENTSBSection2ASection1CSection3DSection4ESection5FSection6GSection7Unit4ScientificSpiritPracticalEnglishIntegratedCourse(III)AAAWarm-upPracticalEnglishIntegratedCourse(III)Unit4ScientificSpiritSectionPartIMatchthetermswiththecorrespondingpictures.CFGEBHADA.microscopeB.labcoatC.experimentD.dataanalysisE.hypothesisF.researchpaperG.observationH.innovationPartIIDiscussingroupandsharethewordsthatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofagoodscientistinyourmind.curiousimpatientlogicalcreativearrogantcollaborativeethicalpersistentdishonestrigorousPartIIIWorkinpairs.Discussandanswerthefollowing

questions.1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantqualityofascientist?Ithinkthemostimportantqualityforascientistiscuriosity.It’stherelentlessdrivetoask“why”thatfuelsalldiscovery.Withoutit,sciencewouldstandstill.2.CanyounameaChinesescientistyouadmire?Whydoyouadmirehimorher?Scienceprofoundlyshapesourdailylives.Fromsmartphonesandtransportationtohealthcareandweatherforecasts,itmakesourlivessafer,moreefficient,andbetterconnected.IadmireTuYouyou.Herperseverancethroughcountlessfailuresandherinsightinturningtoancienttextsledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,savingmillionsoflivesfrommalariaworldwide.3.Howdoesscienceinfluenceourdailylife?BBBSectionListeningActivitiesPracticalEnglishIntegratedCourse(III)Unit4ScientificSpiritPartⅠConversationListeningTask1Listentotheconversationandchoosetherightanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.WhatdoesBobdo?A.Heisafirst-yearuniversitystudent.B.Heisahighschoolsciencecontestparticipant.C.Heisasophomorevocationalstudent.D.Heisaresearchassistantintheinnovationcenter.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inthetrainingbuilding.B.Intheinnovationcenter.C.Inahighschoollab.D.InDr.Lee’soffice.CBPartⅠConversationListeningTask1Listentotheconversationandchoosetherightanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.3.AccordingtoDr.Lee,howarevocationalskillsconnectedtoscience?A.Theyarebasedonscienceandusesimilarlogicalprocesses.B.Theyrequirewinningasciencecontestfirst.C.Theyarecompletelyseparatefromscientificthinking.D.Theyareonlyusefulforfixingwaterqualitytesters.4.WhatisDr.Lee’smainsuggestionforBobtostartinnovating?A.Immediatelybeginacomplexresearchproject.B.Focusonlyonhispracticaltrainingandforgettheory.C.Startbynoticingsmall,annoyingproblemsinhiswork.D.Waituntilhebecomesaseniortotryanythingnew.ACPartⅠConversationListeningTask2Listentotheconversationagainandfillinthefollowingblanks.Dr.Leefirstgotintosciencethroughahighschoolcontestwheretheybuilta__________________.Bobsaystheyspendmostoftheirtimeon________________,likeusingtoolsoroperatingequipment.Dr.LeeencouragesBobtotalktohisclassmatesbecause______________canhelpwithinnovation.waterqualitytesterpracticaltrainingdifferentviewsScriptBob:Excuseme,areyouDr.Lee?I’masophomorehere—heardyou’resharingresearchexperiencetoday.Dr.Lee:Yes,that’sme!Nicetomeetyou.Didyouhaveanytroublefindingtheinnovationcenter?Bob:Notreally,it’sjustnexttoourtrainingbuilding.I’vealwayswondered:howdidyoufirstgetintoscience?Itfeelsabitfarforvocationalstudentslikeus.Dr.Lee:Farfromit!Istartedwithahighschoolsciencecontest—webuiltawaterqualitytester.Itbrokealot,butfixingiteachtimemademelovescience.Yourvocationalskillsarebasedonsciencetoo.Bob:Really?Wespendmosttimeonpracticaltraining,likeusingtoolsoroperatingequipment.Howdothosetietoscience?ScriptDr.Lee:Let’ssee—pickingtherighttoolforataskusesmaterialscience;fixingabrokenmachineneedsthesamelogicalthinkingIuseinexperiments.Scienceisbehindeveryskillyoulearn.Bob:That’seye-opening!Iwanttotryinnovatinginmytraining,butIdon’tknowwheretobegin.Dr.Lee:Startsmall—noticeannoyingparts,likeaslowprocess.Talktoclassmates—differentviewshelp.Ioncesolvedaresearchproblembecauseateammatehadanewidea.Bob:Gotit!Thanksalot,Dr.Lee.Thismakesmemoreconfidenttotry.Dr.Lee:You’rewelcome!Ifyouhitaroadblocklater,justcomefindme.Keepthatcuriosityalive!Bob:Iwill.Thankyou!PartⅠConversationListeningTask1:Listentotheconversationandchoosetherightanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.WhatisTom’smainproblematthebeginningoftheconversation?A.Hecannotunderstandthephysicstheory.B.Hislabresultsdonotmatchthetheoreticalexpectations.C.Heforgottowritehislabreport.D.Hedoesnothavetherightequipmentfortheexperiment.2.AccordingtoSarah,whatareunexpectedresultsinscience?A.Signsoffailure.B.Opportunitiesfornewunderstanding.C.Proofthatthetheoryiswrong.D.Reasonstostoptheexperiment.BBPartⅠConversationListening3.WhatpotentialvariabledidTomrealizehemighthaveoverlooked?A.Theairpressure.B.Thetypeofmaterialsused.C.Theroomtemperature.D.Thetimeofday.4.WhatdoesSarahsayisakeyprincipleof“goodscience”?A.Gettingperfectresultseverytime.B.Onlyreportingsuccessfulexperiments.C.Beinghonestandreportingwhatactuallyhappened.D.Workingalonetoavoidconfusion.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaspartof“therealspiritofscience”?A.Beingpersistent.B.Beingperfect.C.Beingpreciseandhonest.D.Questioningandtesting.CCBPartⅠConversationListeningTask2Listentotheconversationagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatspecificadvicedoesSarahgivetoTomabouthowtohandlehisunexpectedresultsand“messy”datainhisreport?SarahadvisesTomtodocumenteverythingclearly,eventhe“messy”parts.2.Besidesgivingadvice,whatdirectofferdoesSarahmaketohelpTom?SarahofferstolookoverTom’sexperimentalsetupthenextday.ScriptSarah:HiTom,youlookworried.What’swrong?Tom:HeySarah.I’mhavingtroublewithmyphysicslabreport.Ididtheexperiment,butmyresultsdon’tmatchwhatthetheorysaysatall.IthinkImusthavemadeamistakesomewhere.Sarah:Don’tworry,thathappenstoeveryoneinscience!RememberwhatProfessorLisaid?Unexpectedresultsarenotbad.Theycanbechancestolearnsomethingnew.Tom:Iknow,butit'sstilldisappointing.Iwantedmydatatobeperfect.Sarah:Realscienceisn’taboutalwaysbeingperfect.It’saboutstayingcurious.Maybeyoumissedsomethinginyourexperiment?Couldsomethingelsehaveaffectedit?Tom:Letmethink…Oh!Theroomfeltabitcoldthatday.Ididn'twritedownthetemperature.Maybethatchangedtheresults?ScriptSarah:Goodthinking!That'sanimportantpoint.Doinggoodsciencemeansbeinghonest.Youshouldwritedownwhatreallyhappened,evenifit’snotwhatyouhopedfor.Tom:You’reright.Ishouldrecordeverythingcarefullyinmyreport,eventhepartsthatseemmessyorwrong.Sarah:Exactly!Andworkingwithotherscanhelptoo.Doyouwantmetocometothelabtomorrowandcheckyourequipmentwithyou?Tom:Really?Thatwouldbeveryhelpful.Thankyou,Sarah.Somaybescienceismoreaboutbeingcarefulandhonestthanbeingperfect.Sarah:Yes,andnevergivingup!Keepaskingquestionsandtrying.That'swhatscienceisreallyabout.Task1Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.1.Whatisartemisininprimarilyusedtotreat?A.Cancer.B.Diabetes.C.Malaria.D.Heartdisease.2.WheredidTuYouyoubeginhersearchforamalariatreatment?A.InmodernWesternmedicaljournals.B.Ininternationalmeetings.C.InancientChinesemedicalbooks.D.Inglobalmedicalresearchcenters.3.WhendidTuYouyoubecometheheadoftheresearchprojectinBeijing?A.In1955.B.In1967.C.In1969.D.In1971.CC

CPartⅡ

PassageListening4.WhatdidTuYouyouemphasizeaboutthediscoveryofartemisinin?A.Itwasaluckyaccident.B.Itwastheresultofateameffort.C.Itwasbasedsolelyonherownidea.D.Itwasasimpleprocess.5.FromwhichinstitutiondidTuYouyougraduate?A.TsinghuaUniversity.B.ChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.C.FudanUniversity.D.PekingUniversityMedicalSchool.BDPartⅡ

PassageListeningTask2Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhear.1.TuYouyou’sworkledtothediscoveryof______________,akeydrugfortreatingmalaria.2.Tofindaplant-basedtreatment,TuYouyouandherteamstudiedover2,000old________.3.TuYouyoustatedthatthediscoverywasnotjustherownachievement,buttheresultofa______________.artemisinintextsPartⅡ

PassageListeningteameffortTheStoryofTuYouyouandArtemisininThisyear’sNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewasawardedtoTuYouyouasaco-winner.Herworkledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,akeydrugfortreatingmalaria.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflivesandimprovedthehealthofmillionsofpeople.Eachyear,morethan200millionpeoplegetmalaria,andabout600,000diefromit.Thisdrugisnowacentralpartofmalariatreatmentandisbelievedtosaveabout100,000liveseachyearinAfricaalone.TuYouyouwasbornonDecember30,1930,inNingbo,China.ShegraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftergraduation,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentputtogetherateamofscientiststofindanewtreatmentformalaria.ScriptTuYouyouwasoneofthefirstscientistsselected.In1969,shebecametheheadoftheresearchprojectinBeijing.ShedecidedtolookthroughancientChinesemedicalbookstofindplant-basedtreatments.Herteamstudiedover2,000oldtextsandtested280,000plants.Aftermorethan190failures,herteamsucceededin1971.Thedrugwasnamedartemisininandsoonbecameastandardtreatmentworldwide.TuYouyoualwayssaidthatthediscoverywastheresultofteameffort.WhensheheardaboutwinningtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thishonorisnotjustmine.There’sawholeteambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.”ScriptCCCSectionSpeakingDevelopmentPracticalEnglishIntegratedCourse(III)Unit4ScientificSpiritPartⅠSituationalConversationsTask1Readthefollowingconversationsaloudinpairs.

Situation:LiWeiandAlexareworkinginthecampuslabafterclass,lookingatamessyexperimentsetup.LiWei:(Sighs)Igiveup.Thiscircuitshouldwork,butitkeepsfailing.Ourphysicsprojectisduetomorrow!Alex:Don’tsaythat!RememberwhatMs.Chensaidaboutscientificspirit?It’snotaboutgettingitrightthefirsttime.LiWei:Iknow,butwe’vetriedfivetimes!Ifeellikewe’rewastingtime.Alex:Actually,everyfailureteachesussomething.Thistimewelearnedthatthebatteryconnectionswereloose.Lasttimewelearnedtheresistorwastooweak.That’sprogress!PartⅠSituationalConversationsLiWei:Iguessyou’reright…Sowhatshouldwedonext?Alex:Let’swritedownwhatwentwrongeachtime,likerealscientists.Thenwecanfindapattern.Ialsobroughtamultimetertotestthecurrent—maybethat’stheissue.LiWei:(Smiling)Okay,you’reright.Let’sbecurious,notfrustrated.Alex:Exactly!Remember—ThomasEdisonfailedathousandtimesbeforeinventingthelightbulb.LiWei:Thenlet’sfailafewmoretimes.Whoknows?Wemightinventsomethingnew!PartⅠSituationalConversationsTask1Readthefollowingconversationsaloudinpairs.

Situation:LinandMaxaresittinginthelibrary,lookingataposterforanupcomingguestlecturebyayoungenvironmentalscientist,Dr.Zhang,whoisalsoagraduateoftheircollege.Lin:(Pointingattheposter)Look,Max—Dr.Zhangiscomingtogiveatalknextweek!Sheusedtostudyrighthereinourschool.Max:Oh,theonewhodesignedthatlow-costwatertestingkitforruralareas?Ireadaboutherinthecampusnewsletter.Herworkissopractical.Lin:Exactly!Whatamazedmewasthatshestartedherresearchinthelabrightbehindthecanteen—withverysimpletools.Max:That’stherealscientificspirit—it’snotabouthavingthebestequipment,it’sabouthavinggoodideasandastrongwill.PartⅠSituationalConversationsLin:Andshedidn’tdoitalone.Shehadasmallteam—justlikeusworkingonourprojects.Theyfailedagainandagain,buttheyneverstoppedobservingandtesting.Max:Yeah,andnowherinventionishelpingthousandsofpeople.That’swhatmakessciencemeaningful.Lin:Itreallyinspiresme.Maybewedon’thavetobecomefamousscientists,butwecanstillusesciencetohelpothers.Max:Definitely.Hey,whynotgotohertalktogether?Maybewecanevenaskherhowshestayedmotivated.Lin:(Smiling)Greatidea!Let’slearnfromsomeonewhostartedrightwherewearenow.Max:(Raisinghiswaterbottle)Here’stolearningfromrealscientists!Lin:(Clinkinghers)Andtoonedaybecomingoneourselves!PartⅠSituationalConversations

Task2Youwillhave1-2minutestodeliveraspeech.PleaseincorporatethefollowingsentencepatternsintoyourpresentationPresentationHieveryone.Today,IwanttosharemypersonaljourneyofhowIfinallymasteredmyphysicsproject.Atfirst,mycircuitkeptfailing.Itriedfivetimescompletelyonmyownandfeltlikegivingup.ButthenIdecided____________________________.Istartedajournalandwrotedowneveryerror._________________________________________________—forinstance,Ilearnedthatthebatteryconnectionwasoftenloose.PartⅠSituationalConversations

Task2Youwillhave1-2minutestodeliveraspeech.PleaseincorporatethefollowingsentencepatternsintoyourpresentationIwasdeeplydiscourageduntilIattendedthelectureaboutDr.Zhang.________________________shealsostartedwithsimpletoolsinourveryowncampuslab.____________________ThomasEdisonfailedathousandtimesbeforehisgreatinvention._______________________________________________gettingitrightthefirsttime,_________________perseveranceandcontinuouslearning.Intheend,myprojectworkedperfectly!_________________________activelyembracechallengesinmyfuturestudies.Sohere’stolearningfromourfailures,andtotheheroeswholightourway!Thankyou.PartⅡSpeakingPerformanceSituation:SupposeyouandyourpartnerarevisitingtheNationalYouthScienceInnovationExpo.Basedonthefollowingintroduction,createadialoguetodiscussyourimpressionsofoneexhibitionprojectyoubothfindinteresting.NationalYouthScienceInnovationExpoTheNationalYouthScienceInnovationExpo,foundedin2008,isoneofChina’slargestannualeventsforstudentscienceandtechnologyinnovations.Itshowcasescreativeprojectsdevelopedbyvocationalanduniversitystudentsacrossthecountry,emphasizingpracticalskillsandscientificspirit.KeyFeatures:Scale&SignificanceAttractsover5,000studentparticipantseachyear.SupportedbytheMinistryofEducationandtheChinaAssociationforScienceandTechnology.PartⅡSpeakingPerformanceExhibitionCategoriesGreenTechnology:Projectsrelatedtoenvironmentalprotection,energysaving,andsustainabledevelopment.SmartManufacturing:Robotics,automation,andAIapplicationsinindustry.SocialInnovation:Techsolutionsfordailylifeandcommunityissues.NotablePastProjectsAnautomaticwaste-sortingrobotusingimagerecognition.Alow-costwaterpurificationdeviceforruralareas.Asmartphoneappthathelpsfarmersidentifyplantdiseases.WhyItMattersEncouragescreativity,hands-onskills,andscientificthinking.Helpsstudentsturntheoreticalknowledgeintoreal-worldsolutions.Manyprojectshavewonnationalpatentsorbeenusedbylocalcommunities.PartⅡSpeakingPerformanceTask:Workwithyourpartner.Chooseoneprojectfromtheexpointroductionabove.Discuss:Whatistheprojectandhowdoesitwork?Whydiditimpressyou?Howdoesitshowthe“scientificspirit”?Preparea1–2minutedialogueandperformitfortheclass.TalkingAboutthe“theNationalYouthScienceInnovationExpo”A:

Thatwaste-sortingrobotisbrilliant.

B:

Yes!Imagerecognitiontosorttrash.Simpleandclever.

A:

Exactly.Ittacklesareal,messydailyproblem.

B:

Andit’saffordable.Communitiescouldactuallyuseit.

A:

That’swhatimpressedmemost.It’snotjustatheory.

B:

Right.Itshowsthescientificspirit—identifyingaproblemandbuildingasolution.

A:

TheymusthavetestedandfailedmanytimestogettheAIright.

B:

Turningclassroomknowledgeintoaworkingprototype.That’stheexpo’sgoal.

A:

Doyouthinkit’spatented?

B:

Possibly.Ithasreal-worldimpact.Let’sgoasktheteam.

A:

Goodidea.I'mcuriousaboutthetechdetails.SampleDDDSectionReadingActivitiesPracticalEnglishIntegratedCourse(III)Unit4ScientificSpiritWORDS&EXPRESSIONS1.adoption2.illusion3.excel4.phenomenon5.objectivity6.inevitably7.inundate8.discipline9.undermine10.monoculture11.revitalize12.ahostof13.besensitiveto14.takethelead15.engageinadoptionn.thedecisiontostartusingsomething采纳；采用E.g.TherapidadoptionofAIinscientificresearchhasbroughtbothefficiencyandchallenges.​人工智能在科学研究中的快速采纳，既带来了效率提升，也引发了诸多挑战。wordsandexpressions2.illusionn.afalseideaorbelief错觉；幻想E.g.TheillusionofAI’sabsoluteobjectivityhasmisledsomeresearchersindataanalysis.人工智能绝对客观的错觉误导了一些研究人员进行数据分析。wordsandexpressions3.excelv.tobeextremelygoodatsomething

擅长；精通E.g.Sheexcelsinmathematicalmodelinganddatavisualization.她在数学建模和数据可视化方面表现出色。wordsandexpressions4.phenomenonn.afactoraneventinnatureorsociety现象E.g.TheresearchfocusesonexplainingthephenomenonofAI’srapiddevelopmentinbasicscience.该研究致力于解释人工智能在基础科学中快速发展的现象。wordsandexpressions5.objectivityn.thefactofnotbeinginfluencedbypersonal

feelingsoropinions客观性E.g.Toensuretheobjectivityofthestudy,researchersuseddouble-blindexperimentsandneutraldataanalysismethods.​为确保研究的客观性，研究人员采用了双盲实验和中立的数据分析方法。wordsandexpressions6.inevitablyadv.thatcannotbeavoidedorprevented

不可避免地；必然地E.g.WiththerapiddevelopmentofAI,ethicalandregulatorychallengeswillinevitablyarise.译文：随着人工智能的快速发展，伦理和监管方面的挑战将不可避免地出现。wordsandexpressions7.inundatev.togivesbtoomanythingstodealwith

淹没；使应接不暇E.g.TheacademicjournalwasinundatedwithAI-generatedpapersoflittlepracticalvalue.该学术期刊收到了大量人工智能生成的论文，其中多数缺乏实际价值，让人应接不暇。wordsandexpressions8.disciplinen.abranchofknowledgeorlearning

学科；学术领域E.g.Thisresearchdrawsoninsightsfrommultipledisciplines,includingcomputerscience,sociology,andpsychology.这项研究借鉴了多个学科的见解，包括计算机科学、社会学和心理学。wordsandexpressions9.underminev.tomakesomethinggraduallyweakeror

lesseffective逐渐削弱;损害E.g.Unsubstantiatedclaimsmayunderminethecredibilityofscientificresearchandpublictrust.​未经证实的主张可能会削弱科学研究的可信度，损害公众信任。​wordsandexpressions10.monoculturen.thepracticeofgrowingonlyonetypeof

crop单一种植；单一文化E.g.Over-relianceonAImayleadtoamonocultureofknowledgethatignoresnon-technicalresearchperspectives.过度依赖人工智能可能会导致知识单一文化，忽视非技术层面的研究视角。wordsandexpressions11.revitalizev.togivenewlifeorvigorto

使恢复生机；使振兴E.g.Thenewfundingwillrevitalizeresearchinrenewableenergytechnologies.这笔新的资金将振兴可再生能源技术的研究。wordsandexpressions12.ahostofalargenumberofpeopleorthings

许多；大量E.g.ThewidespreaduseofAIinsciencehasbroughtahostofopportunitiesaswellasnewconcerns.人工智能在科学中的广泛应用带来了诸多机会，也引发了一系列新的担忧。wordsandexpressions13.besensitivetotobeawareofandabletounderstand

otherpeopleandtheirfeelings对...敏感；体察E.g.Scientificpoliciesshouldbesensitivetothediverseneedsofdifferentregionsandcommunities.科学政策应体察不同地区和群体的多样化需求。wordsandexpressions14.taketheleadtotakethemostimportantroleor

position带头；领先E.g.InthefieldofAI-drivenbasicscience,severalresearchinstitutionsarecompetingtotakethelead.在人工智能驱动的基础科学领域，多家研究机构正争相占据主导地位。wordsandexpressions15.engageintotakepartinsomething参与；从事E.g.ScientistsshouldengageinopendiscussionswithstakeholdersabouttheethicaluseofAI.科学家应与利益相关方就人工智能的伦理使用展开公开讨论。wordsandexpressions

Artificialintelligence(AI)hastakencenterstageinbasicscience.Thefivewinnersofthe2024NobelPrizesinChemistryandPhysicssharedacommonthread:AI.Indeed,manyscientists–includingtheNobelcommittees–arecelebratingAIasaforcefortransformingscience.Butwhatwillthistransformationreallymeanforscience?AIpromisestohelpscientistsdomore,faster,withlessmoney.Butitbringsahostofnewconcerns,too–andifscientistsrushaheadwithAIadoptiontheyrisktransformingscienceintosomethingthatescapespublicunderstandingandtrust.TextWhatWillAIReallyMeanforScience?(1)TextWhatWillAIReallyMeanforScience?(2)ExpertshavealreadyidentifiedatleastthreeillusionsthatcantrapresearchersusingAI.Thefirstisthe“illusionofexplanatorydepth”.JustbecauseanAImodelexcelsatpredictingaphenomenon,thatdoesn’tmeanitcanaccuratelyexplainit.Secondisthe“illusionofexploratorybreadth”.Scientistsmightthinktheyareinvestigatingalltestablehypotheses,wheninfacttheyareonlylookingatalimitedsetthatcanbetestedusingAI.Finally,the“illusionofobjectivity”.ScientistsmaybelieveAImodelsarefreefrombias.Inreality,allAImodelsinevitablyreflectthebiasespresentintheirtrainingdataandtheintentionsoftheirdevelopers.

OneofthemainreasonsforAI’sincreasingappealinscienceisitspotentialtoproducemoreresults,faster,andatamuchlowercost.Dowereallywantafuturewhereresearchpaperscanbeproducedwithjustafewclicks?Thisrisksinundatingthescientificecosystemwithpaperswithnomeaningandvalue.WemightfindourselvesinaworldwherescienceisburiedunderthenoiseofAI-generatedcontent.However,theworldfacesanynumberofproblems,suchasclimatechange,biodiversityloss,andsocialinequality,thatrequirepublicpoliciescraftedwithexpertjudgement.

TextWhatWillAIReallyMeanforScience?(3)Thisjudgementmustalsobesensitivetospecificsituations,gatheringinputfromvariousdisciplinesandlivedexperiences.AsanInternationalScienceCouncilreportargued,sciencemustrecognizedetailsandcontexttorebuildpublictrust.LettingAIshapethefutureofsciencemayunderminehard-wonprogressinthisarea.IfweallowAItotaketheleadinscientificinquiry,weriskcreatingamonocultureofknowledgethatprioritizesthekindsofquestions,methods,perspectivesandexpertsbestsuitedforAI.

TextWhatWillAIReallyMeanforScience?(4)Asthe21stcenturybegan,somearguedscientistshadarenewedsocialcontractinwhichscientistsfocustheirtalentsonthemostpressingissuesofourtimeinexchangeforpublicfunding.Thegoalistohelpsocietymovetowardamoresustainablebiosphere.TheriseofAIpresentsscientistswithanopportunitynotjusttofulfiltheirresponsibilitiesbuttorevitalizethecontractitself.

TextWhatWillAIReallyMeanforScience?(5)However,scientificcommunitieswillneedtoaddresssomeimportantquestionsabouttheuseofAIfirst.Forexample,isusingAIinscienceakindof“outsourcing”thatcouldcompromisetheintegrityofpubliclyfundedwork?Howshouldthisbehandled?LettingAIshapeourresearchprioritieswithoutinputfromdiversevoicesanddisciplinescanleadtoamismatchwithwhatsocietyactuallyneeds.

TextWhatWillAIReallyMeanforScience?(6)Scienceshouldbenefitsocietyasawhole.ScientistsneedtoengageinrealconversationsaboutthefutureofAIwithintheircommunityofpracticeandwithresearchstakeholders.It’stimetoactivelyexplorethevariousfuturesthatAIforscienceenablesorblocks–andestablishthenecessarystandardsandguidelinestoharnessitspotentialresponsibly.

TextWhatWillAIReallyMeanforScience?(7)人工智能对科学而言究竟意味着什么？

人工智能已在基础科学领域占据核心地位。2024年诺贝尔化学奖与物理学奖的五位得主，有着一个共同的关键点——人工智能的助力。事实上，包括诺贝尔委员会在内的众多科学家都在盛赞人工智能，将其视为变革科学的力量。但这场变革对科学而言究竟意味着什么？人工智能有望帮助科学家更高效、更快速、更低成本地开展研究，但它也带来了一系列新的担忧——如果科学家仓促采用人工智能，可能会将科学转变为公众难以理解和信任的事物。专家们已指出，使用人工智能的研究人员可能会陷入至少三种错觉。第一种是“解释深度错觉”。仅仅因为某一个AI模型擅长预测某种现象，就认为它能够准确解释该现象，但事实并非如此。第二种是“探索广度错觉”。科学家们可能认为自己正在研究所有可检验的假设，而实际上他们只关注了能用AI进行测试的有限的一组假设。最后一种是“客观性错觉”。科学家可能认为人工智能模型不存在偏见，但实际上，所有人工智能模型都不可避免地反映了其训练数据中存在的偏见以及开发者的主观意图。

人工智能在科学领域吸引力日益增强的主要原因之一，是其有望更快、更低成本地产生更多研究成果。我们真的希望未来只需点击几下就能生成研究论文吗？这可能会让科学生态系统被毫无意义和价值的论文淹没。我们或许会发现科学已被人工智能生成内容的噪音所掩盖。然而，世界正面临诸多问题——如气候变化、生物多样性丧失和社会不平等——这些问题需要依据专家判断制定公共政策。

这种判断还必须贴合具体情境，汇集各学科知识和实际经验。正如国际科学理事会的一份报告所指出的，科学必须重视细节与背景，才能重建公众信任。让AI塑造科学的未来可能会破坏该领域来之不易的进步。如果我们允许AI在科学探索中占据主导，我们就有可能创造一种知识单一文化，它优先考虑那些最适合AI的问题、方法、观点和专家类型。21世纪初，一些人认为科学家们达成了一份新的社会契约：科学家将才智聚焦于当代最紧迫的问题，以此换取公共资金支持。其目标是帮助社会迈向更可持续的生物圈。人工智能的兴起不仅为科学家们提供了一个履行其责任的机会，更提供了一个重振（新的社会）契约本身的机会。