2026年陕西省人教版初中英语九年级下册第5单元语法专项训练

2026年陕西省人教版初中英语九年级下册第5单元语法专项训练一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThenewEnglishteacheroftenasksstudentsto_______theiropinionsaboutthemovieinclass.A.expressB.expressforC.expresstoD.expresswith【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词短语搭配。expressone'sopinion为固定搭配，意为“表达某人的观点”，故A项正确。B项“expressfor”搭配错误；C项“expressto”缺少宾语；D项“expresswith”不符合搭配习惯。该题对应九年级下册第5单元重点语法“动词+宾语补足语”结构，强调实际语境中动词短语的正确使用。2.Ifyou_______moretime,youwouldhavefinishedthehomeworkbynow.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.hadhave【答案】C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意“如果你有更多时间”，主句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句需用过去完成时态，故C项正确。A项“hadhad”时态错误；B项“havehad”不符合虚拟语气规则；D项“hadhave”搭配错误。该题对应单元重点语法“虚拟语气中if从句的倒装结构”。3.Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheteacher_______afamouswriterinthelibrary.A.meetB.meetsC.meetingD.met【答案】C【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。seesb.doingsth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，故C项正确。A项“meet”缺少宾语；B项“meets”时态错误；D项“met”不符合非谓语用法。该题对应单元重点语法“感官动词+宾语补足语”结构。4._______itrainedheavilyyesterday,wewenthikingasplanned.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.SoD.Becauseof【答案】B【解析】本题考查让步状语从句。句意为“尽管昨天下大雨，我们还是按计划去远足”，需用although引导让步状语从句，故B项正确。A项“because”表示原因；C项“so”表示结果；D项“becauseof”后接名词，不符合句意。该题对应单元重点语法“让步状语从句的引导词辨析”。5.Theboyaskedme_______Ihadfinishedmyhomework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what【答案】A【解析】本题考查宾语从句。asksb.if/whethersth.为固定搭配，意为“询问某人是否做某事”，故A项正确。B项“that”引导宾语从句时不能省略；C项“whether”与if可互换；D项“what”引导宾语从句时需充当成分。该题对应单元重点语法“宾语从句的引导词及语序”。6.Thecompanydecidedto_______theoldfactoryandbuildanewone.A.breakdownB.breakoutC.breakinD.breakup【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。breakup意为“拆毁”，符合句意；breakdown意为“坏掉”；breakout意为“爆发”；breakin意为“闯入”。该题对应单元重点语法“动词短语在语境中的正确使用”。7.IfI_______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexam.A.amB.wereC.beD.is【答案】B【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意“如果我是你”，主句表示对现在情况的假设，从句需用一般过去时态，故B项正确。A项“am”时态错误；C项“be”缺少助动词；D项“is”时态错误。该题对应单元重点语法“虚拟语气中be动词的用法”。8.Theteachertoldthestudentsnot_______lateforclassagain.A.comeB.comesC.comingD.tocome【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词不定式。tellsb.nottodosth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，故D项正确。A项“come”缺少否定形式；B项“comes”时态错误；C项“coming”不符合固定搭配。该题对应单元重点语法“动词不定式在否定结构中的使用”。9.Thestudentswereso_______thattheycouldn’theartheteacherclearly.A.quietlyB.quietlyC.quietlyD.quietly【答案】C【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意为“学生们太安静了”，需用quietly的副词形式修饰动词couldn’thear，故C项正确。A项“quietly”为形容词；B项“quiet”为动词；D项“quietly”拼写错误。该题对应单元重点语法“形容词与副词的辨析及用法”。10.Thebook_______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom【答案】B【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词为物，关系代词用which，故B项正确。A项“who”指人；C项“that”可指人或物，但which更符合语境；D项“whom”指人，不符合句意。该题对应单元重点语法“定语从句中关系代词的选用”。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.IfI_______you,Iwouldapologizetoherimmediately.【答案】were【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意“如果我是你”，主句表示对现在情况的假设，从句需用一般过去时态，填were。2.Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheteacher_______afamouswriterinthelibrary.【答案】meeting【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。seesb.doingsth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，填meeting。3._______itrainedheavilyyesterday,wewenthikingasplanned.【答案】Although【解析】本题考查让步状语从句。句意为“尽管昨天下大雨”，需用although引导，填Although。4.Theboyaskedme_______Ihadfinishedmyhomework.【答案】if【解析】本题考查宾语从句。asksb.if/whethersth.为固定搭配，填if。5.Thecompanydecidedto_______theoldfactoryandbuildanewone.【答案】breakup【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。breakup意为“拆毁”，填breakup。6.Ifyou_______moretime,youwouldhavefinishedthehomeworkbynow.【答案】hadhad【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意“如果你有更多时间”，主句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句需用过去完成时态，填hadhad。7.Theteachertoldthestudentsnot_______lateforclassagain.【答案】tocome【解析】本题考查动词不定式。tellsb.nottodosth.为固定搭配，填tocome。8.Thestudentswereso_______thattheycouldn’theartheteacherclearly.【答案】quietly【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意为“学生们太安静了”，需用quietly的副词形式，填quietly。9.Thebook_______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.【答案】which【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词为物，关系代词用which，填which。10._______youstudyharder,youwillpasstheexam.【答案】Theharder【解析】本题考查比较级用法。句意为“你学习越努力，就越能通过考试”，需用the+比较级结构，填Theharder。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheteachermeetafamouswriterinthelibrary.(×)【解析】seesb.doingsth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，应填meeting，故错误。2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoherimmediately.(√)【解析】虚拟语气中be动词用were，故正确。3.Althoughitrainedheavilyyesterday,wewenthikingasplanned.(√)【解析】although引导让步状语从句，故正确。4.TheboyaskedmeifIhadfinishedmyhomework.(√)【解析】asksb.if/whethersth.为固定搭配，故正确。5.Thecompanydecidedtobreaktheoldfactoryandbuildanewone.(×)【解析】breakup意为“拆毁”，应填breakup，故错误。6.Ifyouhadhadmoretime,youwouldhavefinishedthehomeworkbynow.(√)【解析】虚拟语气中与过去事实相反，从句需用过去完成时态，故正确。7.Theteachertoldthestudentsnotcomelateforclassagain.(×)【解析】tellsb.nottodosth.为固定搭配，应填tocome，故错误。8.Thestudentsweresoquietlythattheycouldn’theartheteacherclearly.(×)【解析】quietly为副词，应填quietly，故错误。9.ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.(√)【解析】先行词为物，关系代词用which，故正确。10.Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillpasstheexam.(×)【解析】句意为“你学习越努力，就越能通过考试”，需用the+比较级结构，应填Theharder，故错误。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthestructureandusageof"seesb.doingsth."inthecontextofthepassage.【参考答案】"Seesb.doingsth."意为“看见某人正在做某事”，其中sb.指人，doingsth.指正在进行的动作。例如："Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheteachermeetingafamouswriterinthelibrary."表示学生们惊讶地看见老师在图书馆遇见一位著名作家。该结构强调动作正在进行，对应单元重点语法“感官动词+宾语补足语”。2.Howdoesthesubjunctivemoodexpresshypotheticalsituationsinthepassage?【参考答案】虚拟语气通过if从句的倒装结构表达假设。例如："IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoherimmediately."表示“如果我是你，我会立即向她道歉”，主句用would+动词原形，从句用were。该结构对应单元重点语法“虚拟语气中be动词的用法”。3.Whatisthefunctionof"although"inthesentence"Althoughitrainedheavilyyesterday,wewenthikingasplanned."?【参考答案】"Although"引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，连接两个让步关系的内容。该句中，although引导从句“itrainedheavilyyesterday”，主句“wewenthikingasplanned”表示尽管下雨仍按计划远足。该结构对应单元重点语法“让步状语从句的引导词”。4.Whyis"if"usedinsteadof"whether"inthesentence"TheboyaskedmeifIhadfinishedmyhomework."?【参考答案】"if"和"whether"都可引导宾语从句，但"if"更简洁，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。该句中，asksb.if/whethersth.为固定搭配，"if"更符合语境。该结构对应单元重点语法“宾语从句的引导词辨析”。5.Explainthemeaningof"breakup"inthesentence"Thecompanydecidedtobreakuptheoldfactoryandbuildanewone."【参考答案】"breakup"在此句中意为“拆毁”，表示将旧工厂拆除以建设新工厂。该结构对应单元重点语法“动词短语在语境中的正确使用”。6.Howdoesthestructure"Theharder...,themore..."expresscorrelationinthepassage?【参考答案】"Theharder...,themore..."为固定句型，表示“越……越……”，强调两者之间的正比关系。例如："Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillpasstheexam."表示“你学习越努力，通过考试的可能性就越大”。该结构对应单元重点语法“比较级在句型中的用法”。7.Whyis"which"usedinsteadof"that"inthesentence"ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."?【参考答案】先行词为物时，关系代词用which，不用that。该句中，先行词为物"thebook"，关系代词用which引导定语从句。该结构对应单元重点语法“定语从句中关系代词的选用”。8.Howdoesthestructure"tellsb.nottodosth."functioninthepassage?【参考答案】"Tellsb.nottodosth."为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，其中todosth.表示动词不定式。例如："Theteachertoldthestudentsnottocomelateforclassagain."表示老师告诉学生不要再迟到。该结构对应单元重点语法“动词不定式在否定结构中的使用”。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethesentence"Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheteachermeetafamouswriterinthelibrary."usingadifferentstructurewhilekeepingthemeaningthesame.【参考答案】Thestudentsweresurprisedthattheteacherwasmeetingafamouswriterinthelibrary.【解析】将seesb.doingsth.结构改为that从句，保持句意不变。该结构对应单元重点语法“宾语从句的转换”。2.Transformthesentence"IfIhadhadmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedthehomeworkbynow."intoafactualstatement.【参考答案】Ididn’thaveenoughtime,soIdidn’tfinishthehomeworkbynow.【解析】将虚拟语气改为事实陈述，保持句意逻辑一致。该结构对应单元重点语法“虚拟语气的转换”。3.Combinethefollowingtwosentencesintooneusingarelativeclause:"Thebookisinteresting.Iborroweditfromthelibrary."【参考答案】ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.【解析】将两个句子合并为定语从句，先行词为物，关系代词用which。该结构对应单元重点语法“定语从句的构建”。4.Rewritethesentence"Theteachertoldthestudentsnottocomelateforclassagain."usingadifferentmodalverbwhilekeepingthemeaningthesame.【参考答案】Theteacherwarnedthestudentsagainstcominglateforclassagain.【解析】用warnedsb.againstdoingsth.替换tellsb.nottodosth.，保持句意不变。该结构对应单元重点语法“情态动词的替换”。5.Changethefollowingsentenceintoapassivevoice:"Thecompanydecidedtobreakuptheoldfactoryandbuildanewone."【参考答案】Theoldfactorywasdecidedtobebrokenupandanewonebuiltbythecompany.【解析】将主动语态改为被动语态，注意时态和语态的转换。该结构对应单元重点语法“被动语态的构建”。6.Rewritethesentence"Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillpasstheexam."usingasimplesentencestructure.【参考答案】Themoreyoustudy,thehigheryourchancesofpassingtheexam.【解析】将比较级句型改为简单句，保持句意逻辑一致。该结构对应单元重点语法“比较级句型的转换”。7.Transformthefollowingsentenceintoareportedspeech:"TheboyaskedmeifIhadfinishedmyhomework."【参考答案】TheboyaskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.【解析】将直接引语改为间接引语，注意时态和人称的变化。该结构对应单元重点语法“直接引语的转换”。8.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingadifferentstructurewhilekeepingthemeaningthesame:"Althoughitrainedheavilyyesterday,wewenthikingasplanned."【参考答案】Wewenthikingasplanneddespitetheheavyrainyesterday.【解析】用despitetheheavyrain替换although引导的从句，保持句意不变。该结构对应单元重点语法“让步状语从句的转换”。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.C3.C4.B5.A6.D7.B8.D9.C10.B二、填空题1.were2.meeting3.Although4.if5.breakup6.hadhad7.tocome8.quietly9.which10.Theharder三、判断题1.×2.√3.√4.√5.×6.√7.×8.×9.√10.×四、简答题1."Seesb.doingsth."意为“看见某人正在做某事”，其中sb.指人，doingsth.指正在进行的动作。例如："Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheteachermeetingafamouswriterinthelibrary."表示学生们惊讶地看见老师在图书馆遇见一位著名作家。该结构强调动作正在进行，对应单元重点语法“感官动词+宾语补足语”。2.虚拟语气通过if从句的倒装结构表达假设。例如："IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoherimmediately."表示“如果我是你，我会立即向她道歉”，主句用would+动词原形，从句用were。该结构对应单元重点语法“虚拟语气中be动词的用法”。3."Although"引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，连接两个让步关系的内容。该句中，although引导从句“itrainedheavilyyesterday”，主句“wewenthikingasplanned”表示尽管下雨仍按计划远足。该结构对应单元重点语法“让步状语从句的引导词”。4."if"和"whether"都可引导宾语从句，但"if"更简洁，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。该句中，asksb.if/whethersth.为固定搭配，"if"更符合语境。该结构对应单元重点语法“宾语从句的引导词辨析”。5."breakup"在此句中意为“拆毁”，表示将旧工厂拆除以建设新工厂。该结构对应单元重点语法“动词短语在语境中的正确使用”。6."Theharder...,themore..."为固定句型，表示“越……越……”，强调两者之间的正比关系。例如："Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillpasstheexam."表示“你学习越努力，通过考试的可能性就越大”。该结构对应单元重点语法“比较级在句型中的用法”。7.先行词为物时，关系代词用which，不用that。该句中，先行词为物"thebook"，关系代词用which引导定语从句。该结构对应单元重点语法“定语从句中关系代词的选用”。8."Tellsb.nottodosth."为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，其中todosth.表示动