2026年江苏省部编版初中英语下册第10单元语法填空题库

2026年江苏省部编版初中英语下册第10单元语法填空题库一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Mr.Smithisinterestedincollectingstamps.Hehasbeendoingitforabouttenyears,andhe_______alargecollectionofrarestampssofar.A.hascollectedB.collectedC.willcollectD.hasbeencollecting参考答案：A解析：本题考查现在完成时态。根据句中时间状语“forabouttenyears”和“sofar”，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并可能继续下去，应使用现在完成时。选项B为一般过去时，不符合语境；选项C为一般将来时，与时间状语矛盾；选项D为现在完成进行时，虽然也表示持续，但通常强调动作仍在进行且可能继续，而此处仅需表达“已经收集到”的结果，故A最符合题意。2.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto_______theirhomeworkbeforethemeeting,butsomeofthemforgot.A.finishB.finishedC.willfinishD.finishing参考答案：A解析：本题考查动词不定式。动词“ask”后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示要求或建议，故需填“tofinish”。选项B为过去式，不符合语法；选项C为将来时，不符合“ask”的用法；选项D为动名词，不符合“ask”后接宾语补足语的习惯。3.IfI_______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexambecausethecompetitionisveryfierce.A.amB.wereC.beD.is参考答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在“if”引导的假设条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句需用一般过去时，主句用“would+动词原形”。选项A、D为一般现在时，不符合假设语气；选项C为动词原形，缺少助动词；选项B“were”符合虚拟语气规则。4.Mysister_______totheconcertlastnight,butshewastootiredtoenjoyit.A.wentB.goesC.hasgoneD.hadgone参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“lastnight”和“tootiredtoenjoyit”可知，动作已发生且完成，应使用一般过去时。选项B为一般现在时，与时间状语矛盾；选项C为现在完成时，表示动作持续到现在，不符合语境；选项D为过去完成时，表示过去某个时间之前已完成的动作，此处无需强调时间先后。5.Thestudentsweresurprisedwhenthey_______thatthefinalexamwouldbenextMonday.A.heardB.hearC.hadheardD.werehearing参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“whentheyweresurprised”和“thefinalexamwouldbenextMonday”可知，听到消息和感到惊讶均发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。选项B为一般现在时，不符合语境；选项C为过去完成时，表示过去某个时间之前已完成的动作，不符合语境；选项D为过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，不符合语境。6.Ifyou_______morecarefully,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistakeinthemathtest.A.workB.workedC.willworkD.hadworked参考答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在“if”引导的假设条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况时，从句需用过去完成时，主句用“would+动词原形”。选项A、C为一般现在时和将来时，不符合假设语气；选项D为过去完成时，但主句需用“wouldhavedone”，而此处省略了主句，从句直接用过去式即可，故B最符合题意。7.Thecompanydecidedto_______anewfactoryinthesuburbsbecausethelandwascheaperthere.A.builtB.buildsC.buildingD.build参考答案：D解析：本题考查动词不定式。动词“decide”后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示决定做某事，故需填“tobuild”。选项A、B为过去式和一般现在时，不符合语法；选项C为动名词，不符合“decide”后接宾语补足语的习惯。8.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher_______satisfiedwiththeresultsoftheexperimentbecausethedatawasinconsistent.A.isB.areC.wasD.were参考答案：A解析：本题考查主谓一致。在“neither...nor...”连接的并列主语中，谓语动词需与靠近的主语保持一致。此处靠近的主语是“theteacher”，为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用“is”。选项B、D为复数形式，不符合主谓一致；选项C为过去式，与语境不符。9.Bythetimethepolicearrived,thethief_______alreadyescapedfromthescene.A.hasrunB.hadrunC.runsD.wasrunning参考答案：B解析：本题考查过去完成时。根据时间状语“bythetimethepolicearrived”和“alreadyescaped”可知，逃跑动作发生在警察到达之前，应使用过去完成时。选项A为现在完成时，不符合时间先后；选项C为一般现在时，与语境矛盾；选项D为过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，不符合语境。10.Thebook_______onthetablesinceyesterday,butitstillhasn’tbeenreadbyanyone.A.laidB.haslaidC.hasbeenlaidD.laid参考答案：C解析：本题考查现在完成时被动语态。根据时间状语“sinceyesterday”和“hasn’tbeenread”可知，书被放置的动作发生在过去并持续到现在，且主语“thebook”是动作的承受者，应使用现在完成时被动语态。选项A、D为一般过去时，不符合时间状语；选项B为现在完成时主动语态，不符合主语是被动关系；选项C符合语法和语境。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.IfI_______you,Iwouldapologizetoherbecauseshemightmisunderstandyou.参考答案：were解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在“if”引导的假设条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句需用一般过去时，故填“were”。2.Theteacheraskedusto_______ourhomeworkcarefullybeforesubmittingittoavoidmistakes.参考答案：check解析：本题考查动词不定式。动词“ask”后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示要求或建议，故填“check”。3.Bythetimethemeeting_______at5PM,everyonehadalreadydiscussedthemainissues.参考答案：started解析：本题考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“at5PM”和语境可知，会议开始的时间发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，故填“started”。4.Mybrother_______totheUnitedStateslastyearandhehasn’tbeenbacksincethen.参考答案：moved解析：本题考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“lastyear”和“hasn’tbeenback”可知，搬家动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，故填“moved”。5.Ifyou_______moreattentivelyinclass,youwouldn’thavemissedsuchanimportantpoint.参考答案：listened解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在“if”引导的假设条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况时，从句需用过去式，故填“listened”。6.Thecompanydecidedto_______anewmarketingstrategytoattractmorecustomers.参考答案：develop解析：本题考查动词不定式。动词“decide”后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示决定做某事，故填“develop”。7.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher_______satisfiedwiththeresultsoftheprojectbecausethedatawasincomplete.参考答案：were解析：本题考查主谓一致。在“neither...nor...”连接的并列主语中，谓语动词需与靠近的主语保持一致。此处靠近的主语是“theteacher”，为第三人称单数，但“neither...nor...”结构中谓语需与复数主语保持一致，故填“were”。8.Bythetimetherain_______,thechildrenhadalreadyfinishedplayingoutside.参考答案：stopped解析：本题考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“Bythetime”和“hadalreadyfinished”可知，雨停的动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，故填“stopped”。9.Thebook_______ontheshelfsincelastmonth,butitstillhasn’tbeenborrowedbyanyone.参考答案：hasbeen解析：本题考查现在完成时被动语态。根据时间状语“sincelastmonth”和“hasn’tbeenborrowed”可知，书被放置的动作发生在过去并持续到现在，且主语“thebook”是动作的承受者，应使用现在完成时被动语态，故填“hasbeen”。10.IfI_______you,Iwouldstudyharderforthefinalexambecausethecompetitionisveryhigh.参考答案：were解析：本题考查虚拟语气。在“if”引导的假设条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句需用一般过去时，故填“were”。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThestudentsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthatthefinalexamwouldbenextMonday.参考答案：正确解析：根据句意和语境，hear和besurprised均发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，句子表述正确。2.Ifyouworkharder,youwillpasstheexam.参考答案：错误解析：该句为一般将来时，而虚拟语气中若表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句需用一般过去时，主句用“would+动词原形”，故应改为“Ifyouworkedharder,youwouldpasstheexam.”3.Thecompanyhasbeenlayingoffemployeessincelastyear.参考答案：正确解析：根据时间状语“sincelastyear”和语境可知，裁员动作从过去开始持续到现在，应使用现在完成时，句子表述正确。4.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsweresatisfiedwiththeresultsoftheexperiment.参考答案：正确解析：在“neither...nor...”连接的并列主语中，谓语动词需与靠近的主语保持一致。此处靠近的主语是“thestudents”，为复数，故谓语动词用“were”，句子表述正确。5.Bythetimethepolicearrived,thethiefhadalreadyescapedfromthescene.参考答案：正确解析：根据时间状语“bythetimethepolicearrived”和“hadalreadyescaped”可知，逃跑动作发生在警察到达之前，应使用过去完成时，句子表述正确。6.Thebookwaslaidonthetablesinceyesterday.参考答案：错误解析：根据时间状语“sinceyesterday”可知，动作持续到现在，应使用现在完成时，故应改为“Thebookhasbeenlaidonthetablesinceyesterday.”7.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoherbecauseshemightmisunderstandyou.参考答案：正确解析：在“if”引导的假设条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句需用一般过去时，句子表述正确。8.Thecompanydecidedtobuildanewfactoryinthesuburbsbecausethelandwascheaperthere.参考答案：错误解析：动词“decide”后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示决定做某事，故应改为“Thecompanydecidedtobuildanewfactoryinthesuburbs.”9.Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacherwhenthebellrang.参考答案：正确解析：根据时间状语“whenthebellrang”可知，听讲动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，句子表述正确。10.Thebookhasbeenontheshelfsincelastmonth,butitstillhasn’tbeenreadbyanyone.参考答案：正确解析：根据时间状语“sincelastmonth”和“hasn’tbeenread”可知，书被放置的动作发生在过去并持续到现在，且主语“thebook”是动作的承受者，应使用现在完成时被动语态，句子表述正确。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense.参考答案：-Presentperfecttense:Usedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent,oranactionthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimeinthepast.Itisformedwith"have/has+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Ihavelivedherefortenyears."-Pastsimpletense:Usedtodescribeanactionthathappenedataspecifictimeinthepastandiscompleted.Itisformedwiththebaseformoftheverbplus"-ed"forregularverbs.Forexample,"Ilivedheretenyearsago."解析：-Thepresentperfecttenseemphasizestheconnectionbetweenthepastandpresent,whilethepastsimpletensefocusesonacompletedactioninthepast.-Thepresentperfecttenseuses"have/has+pastparticiple,"whilethepastsimpletenseusesthebaseformoftheverbplus"-ed."-Example1:"Ihavefinishedmyhomework"(presentperfect)vs."Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday"(pastsimple).2.Whatisthestructureofaconditionalsentencetype2?参考答案：Conditionalsentencetype2:If+presentsimple,would+baseformofverb.Itisusedtodescribehypotheticalsituationsinthepresent.Forexample,"IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky."解析：-Type2conditionalsentencesexpressunrealorunlikelysituationsinthepresent.-Thestructureis"If+presentsimple,would+baseformofverb."-Example:"Ifitrainedtoday,wewouldcancelthepicnic"(hypotheticalsituationinthepresent).3.Howdoyouformthepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense?参考答案：Presentperfectpassive:Have/has+been+pastparticiple.Forexample,"Thebookhasbeenreadbythestudents."解析：-Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttenseisformedwith"have/has+been+pastparticiple."-Thesubjectofthepassivevoiceisthereceiveroftheaction,notthedoer.-Example:"Thereporthasbeenwrittenbytheteam."4.Explaintheuseof"neither...nor..."insubject-verbagreement.参考答案：In"neither...nor..."structures,theverbagreeswiththesubjectthatisclosertoit.Forexample,"Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherislate"(closersubjectis"theteacher,"soverbissingular).解析：-Theverbin"neither...nor..."structuresdependsonthesubjectthatisclosertoit.-Iftheclosersubjectissingular,theverbissingular;ifitisplural,theverbisplural.-Example:"Neithertheteachernorthestudentswerehappy"(closersubjectis"thestudents,"soverbisplural).5.Whatisthedifferencebetween"stoptodo"and"stopdoing"?参考答案：-"Stoptodo":Topauseanactiontodosomethingelse.Forexample,"Hestoppedtosmoke."-"Stopdoing":Toceaseanongoingaction.Forexample,"Hestoppedsmoking."解析：-"Stoptodo"meanstointerruptoneactiontoperformanother.-"Stopdoing"meanstoendanongoingaction.-Example:"Shestoppedtotalktome"(interruptedwalkingtotalk)vs."Shestoppedtalking"(endedtheconversation).6.HowdoyouformaquestioninEnglishusing"if"?参考答案：Toformaquestionusing"if,"place"if"atthebeginningofthesentence,followedbythesubjectandpresentsimpletense,andendwithaquestionmark.Forexample,"Ifyouworkhard,willyousucceed?"解析：-Inquestionformation,"if"isplacedatthebeginningofthesentence.-Thesubjectcomesbeforetheverbinthepresentsimpletense.-Example:"Ifitrainstomorrow,willwegotothepark?"7.Whatisthemeaningof"bythetime"?参考答案："Bythetime"meansuptoacertainpointintime.Itisusedtodescribeanactionthatmustbecompletedbeforeanotheractionhappens.Forexample,"Bythetimethemeetingstarts,wemustfinishthereport."解析：-"Bythetime"emphasizesthatoneactioniscompletedbeforeanother.-Itisoftenusedwiththepresentperfectorpastperfecttense.-Example:"BythetimeIarrived,thetrainhadalreadyleft."8.Howdoyouuse"since"and"for"intimeexpressions?参考答案：-"Since":Usedwithaspecificpointintime(e.g.,"sinceyesterday").-"For":Usedwithadurationoftime(e.g.,"fortenyears").解析：-"Since"isusedtoindicateastartingpointintime,while"for"isusedtoindicateaduration.-Example:"Shehaslivedheresince2020"(startingpoint)vs."Shehaslivedhereforfiveyears"(duration).五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceinthepassivevoice:"Thestudentsfinishedtheprojectlastweek."参考答案："Theprojectwasfinishedbythestudentslastweek."解析：-Toformthepassivevoice,changetheactivesentenceto"subject+be+pastparticiple."-Theoriginalsubject"thestudents"becomestheagentinthepassivevoice,followedby"by+agent."-Example:"Thebookwaswrittenbytheauthor."2.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"IfI_______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexambecausethecompetitionisveryhigh."参考答案："were"解析：-Inatype2conditionalsentence,theifclauseusesthepresentsimpletense.-Thecorrectformis"were"(pasttenseof"tobe").-Example:"IfIwererich,Iwouldtraveltheworld."3.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Thecompanydecidedto_______anewmarketingstrategytoattractmorecustomers."参考答案："develop"解析：-After"decideto,"usethebaseformoftheverb.-Thecorrectformis"develop"(baseformof"todevelop").-Example:"Theydecidedtoimprovetheirskills."4.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Thebook_______ontheshelfsincelastmonth,butitstillhasn’tbeenreadbyanyone."参考答案："hasbeen"解析：-Usethepresentperfectpassivewith"have/has+been+pastparticiple."-Thecorrectformis"hasbeen"(presentperfectpassive).-Example:"Thereporthasbeenreviewedbytheteam."5.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Ifyou_______morecarefully,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistakeinthemathtest."参考答案："worked"解析：-Inatype3conditionalsentence,theifclauseusesthepastperfecttense.-Thecorrectformis"worked"(pasttenseof"towork").-Example:"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam."6.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Thestudentsweresurprisedwhenthey_______thatthefinalexamwouldbenextMonday."参考答案："heard"解析：-Usethepastsimpletenseforthemainclauseandtheifclause.-Thecorrectformis"heard"(pasttenseof"tohear").-Example:"Theywerehappywhentheyreceivedthegoodnews."7.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Thecompanyhasbeen_______employeessincelastyearbecausetheeconomyispoor."参考答案："layingoff"解析：-Usethepresentperfectcontinuoustenseforthedurationoftheaction.-Thecorrectformis"layingoff"(presentperfectcontinuous).-Example:"Thecompanyhasbeenexpandingitsbusiness."8.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Bythetimethepolicearrived,thethief_______alreadyescapedfromthescene."参考答案："hadescaped"解析：-Usethepastperfecttensefortheactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.-Thecorrectformis"hadescaped"(pastperfect).-Example:"BythetimeIarrived,thetrainhadalreadyleft."【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.C二、填空题1.were2.check3.started4.moved5.listened6.develop7.were8.stopped9.hasbeen10.were三、判断题1.正确2.错误3.正确4.正确5.正确6.错误7.正确8.错误9.正确10.正确四、简答题1.-Presentperfecttense:Usedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent,oranactionthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimeinthepast.Itisformedwith"have/has+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Ihavelivedherefortenyears."-Pastsimpletense:Usedtodescribeanactionthathappenedataspecifictimeinthepastandiscompleted.Itisformedwiththebaseformoftheverbplus"-ed"forregularverbs.Forexample,"Ilivedheretenyearsago."解析：-Thepresentperfecttenseemphasizestheconnectionbetweenthepastandpresent,whilethepastsimpletensefocusesonacompletedactioninthepast.-Thepresentperfecttenseuses"have/has+pastparticiple,"whilethepastsimpletenseusesthebaseformoftheverbplus"-ed."-Example1:"Ihavefinishedmyhomework"(presentperfect)vs."Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday"(pastsimple).2.Conditionalsentencetype2:If+presentsimple,would+baseformofverb.Itisusedtodescribehypotheticalsituationsinthepresent.Forexample,"IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky."解析：-Type2conditionalsentencesexpressunrealorunlikelysituationsinthepresent.-Thestructureis"If+presentsimple,would+baseformofverb."-Example:"Ifitrainedtoday,wewouldcancelthepicnic"(hypotheticalsituationinthepresent).3.Presentperfectpassive:Have/has+been+pastparticiple.Forexample,"Thebookhasbeenreadbythestudents."解析：-Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttenseisformedwith"have/has+been+pastparticiple."-Thesubjectofthepassivevoiceisthereceiveroftheaction,notthedoer.-Example:"Thereporthasbeenwrittenbytheteam."4.In"neither...nor..."structures,theverbagreeswiththesubjectthatisclosertoit.Forexample,"Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherislate"(closersubjectis"theteacher,"soverbissingular).解析：-Theverbin"neither...nor..."structuresdependsonthesubjectthatisclosertoit.-Iftheclosersubjectissingular,theverbissingular;ifitisplural,theverbisplural.-Example:"Neithertheteachernorthestudentswerehappy"(closersubjectis"thestudents,"soverbisplural).5.-"Stoptodo":Topauseanactiontodosomethingelse.Forexample,"Hestoppedtosmoke."-"Stopdoing":Toceaseanongoingaction.Forexample,"Hestoppedsmoking."解析：-"Stoptodo"meanstointerruptoneactiontoperformanother.-"Stopdoing"meanstoendanongoingaction.-Example:"Shestoppedtotalktome"(interruptedwalkingtotalk)vs."Shestoppedtalking"(endedtheconversation).6.Toformaquestionusing"if,"place"if"atthebeginningofthesentence,followedbythesubjectandpresentsimpletense,andendwithaquestionmark.Forexample,"Ifyouworkhard,willyousucceed?"解析：-Inquestionformation,"if"isplacedatthebeginningofthesentence.-Thesubjectcomesbeforetheverbinthepresentsimpletense.-Example:"Ifitrainstomorrow,willwegotothepark?"7."Bythetime"meansuptoacertainpointintime.Itisusedtodescribeanactionthatmustbecompletedbeforeanotheractionhappens.Forexample,"Bythetimethemeetingstarts,wemustfinishthereport."解析：-"Bythetime"emphasizesthatoneactioniscompletedbeforeanother.-Itisoftenusedwiththepresentperfectorpastperfecttense.-Example:"BythetimeIarrived,thetrainhadalreadyleft."8.-"Since":Usedwithaspecificpointintime(e.g.,"sinceyesterday").-"For":Usedwithadurationoftime(e.g.,"for