外研版英语必修第一册 语法专练 专题四　第2讲　名词性从句 教师用书

第2讲名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Whattrulydefinesafulfillinglife①isaquestionthathasfascinatedphilosophersforcenturies.Manypeoplebelievethathappinessliesincontinuouspersonalgrowth②.Oneundeniablefactisthatwearethearchitectsofourownfuture③.Thereisagrowingconsensusamongpsychologiststhatasenseofpurposeisfundamentaltoourwell-being④.However，simplyhavingagoalisnotenough.Wemustalsoconsiderhowwecanachieveit②.Whetherwesucceedornot①oftendependsonourperseverance.ThemostvaluablelessonIhavelearnedisthatfailureisnottheoppositeofsuccess，butapartofit③.Weshouldholdontothebeliefthateveryeffortwemakeshapesourdestiny④.Therefore，letusnotfearchallenges.Whatwebecome①isultimatelytheresultofwhatweconsistentlydo②.Thekeyisthatwedaretodreamandhavethecouragetopursueit③.[规则感悟]①谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句。此外，该从句可以用it作形式主语。②位于及物动词或介词之后的从句是宾语从句。③位于be动词之后的从句是表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的从句为同位语从句。1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示引导词功能从属连词that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义whether，if在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”because，asif/though在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”连接代词who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom(ever)在从句中作宾语；which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；whose在从句中作定语连接副词when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever)在从句中作状语2．名词性从句的语序是陈述语序Doyouknowwherewillthepartybeheld？(×)Doyouknowwherethepartywillbeheld？(√)3．名词性从句的时态(1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时，从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。Itisprofoundlydisappointingtomethathebrokemyfavouritevase，acherishedgiftfrommygrandmother.他打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，这个花瓶是我珍藏的来自祖母的礼物，这令我深感失望。Ihaveheardfromareliablesourcethatourteacher，alongwiththeotherdelegates，isscheduledtoreturntomorrow.据可靠消息，我们的老师以及其他代表已定于明日返回。(2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。Iaskedherifshewouldallowmetointerviewher，andshereadilyagreed.我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。Myteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.老师说太阳从东方升起西方落下。(客观真理)4．what与that的用法that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。IbelievethatIwillsucceedifIstudyhard.我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。Ibelievewhathesaidbecauseheisanhonestman.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。5．whether与if的用法(1)用whether或if均可的情况①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。(2)用whether而不用if的情况①引导主语从句置于句首时；②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；③引导介词的宾语从句时；④引导词与ornot连用时；⑤引导词后接todo时；⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。6．what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever引导名词性从句的区别(1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?你知道是谁打坏的窗子吗？(2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anythingthat，anyonewho等。Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodowhateverittakestosaveherlife.＝Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoanythingthatittakestosaveherlife.她是我的至亲，我们已经准备好了不惜一切代价救她的命。7．that不可省略的情况(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。Shesaid(that)herambitionwastoenterakeyuniversity，thatshewouldstudyhardtomakeherdreamcometrue，andthatshewouldliveuptoherparents’expectations.她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。8．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。Atfirstmanypeoplewereastonishedattheconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse.起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。9．why与because引导表语从句的区别why与because引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。Ihadacold.ThatwaswhyIdidn’tattendschool.我感冒了，因此我没去上学。Ididn’tattendschool.ThatwasbecauseIhadacold.我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。注意：(1)句子的主语为thereason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。Thereasonwhyshewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。(2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。Whywedecidedtoputoffthematchwasthattheweatherwastooterrible.我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。10．asif/though引导的表语从句asif/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。Itsoundsasifsomebodyisknockingat/onthedoor.听起来好像有人在敲门。Shetreatshimasifhewereastranger.她待他如陌生人。11．同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句是用于解释说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，而定语从句是对作先行词的名词的限制、描绘或说明。that在同位语从句中只是连接主从句，没有任何意义，不在从句中充当句子成分；that在定语从句中是关系代词，不但连接主从句，而且指代被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。IhadnoideathatBrisbanehassomanypeople!(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)Theidea(that)heputforwardatthemeetingisveryreasonable.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)对点练习1．PeoplewonderwhyQizaiisbrown，giventhathismotherisblackandwhite.Scientistsguessthatit’sduetosomegeneticmutation(基因突变)．2．AsianelephantsareamongthemosthighlyprotectedanimalsinChinaandwhatdrovetheelephantstomaketheirlongtripisstillunknown.3．TheyinteractedwithstudentsfromfiveclassroomsacrossChinaandshowedviewershowtheyliveandworkinsidethespacestation.4．Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewascaughtinatrafficjam.5．Gazingoutatthecityskyline，heexpressedhissincerehopethathewouldhavetheopportunitytovisitChinaagaininthenearfuture.6．IwasinsuchahurrythatIpaidnoattentiontowhetherornotthemilkwashot.1．Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.2．Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichishowwearrived.3．Everyyear，whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.4．Youhavetoknowwhereyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.5．Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.层级一基础达标练1．Hewasnotlookingforothers’smiles，orworryingaboutwhethersomeonewaswatchingornot.2．HelenMcCarthy，anauthorandexpertonJapaneseCartoons，explainedwhythecharacterissopopular.“BecauseHelloKittyisallabouthappiness，friendshipandfun.”3．Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoandhowtogetthere.4．Studentscanchoosewhat/whatevertheywanttodoandregisteronline.5．MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding，andthat’swhereIdon’tagree.6．Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.7．Twenty-fiveyearslaterthetravelerreturnedtothesameplace.Whathesawamazedhim.Hecouldnotbelievehisowneyes.8．Itwasnotclearwhenthewaterinthereservoirwouldriseagain，andtheexposedwallsoflargebuildingsintheoldcitywoulddisappear.9．Theoutputsareamazinglyvarieddependingonwhoiswritingtheorders.10．Arealsmileoftencausestheeyestolightuporbecomesmaller.Thisisbecausemoremusclesareusedwhenwearehappy.层级二高考真题练1．Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities，that’swhatthey’llpromote.Butthatleavesthesolo(单独)customersoutofpocketanddisappointed.(2024·浙江1月)2．Onacool，starrynightinmid-September1870，fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverinwhatisnownorthwesternWyoming.(2024·全国甲)3．TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)4．Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhether/ifshecoulddosoremotely.(2022·浙江1月)5．“Hesavedmyson’slife，”saidMrsBrown.“Idon’tknowhowtothankhim.”(2022·新课标Ⅱ)6．Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationaboutwhereshelived.(2021·北京)7．ItseemedthatIhadbecomewhatmyparentshadwantedmetobe.(2021·天津6月)8．WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsiswhy/thatshealwayshassomanycrazyideas.(2021·天津3月)9．Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.(2020·浙江7月)10．Itisnotaproblemwhether/ifwecanwinthebattle；it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020·江苏)层级三语篇提能练1．WhatworriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.thatsheputsontoomuchweightandthatsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubts3.whethersheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressedandshecan’tsleepwellthesedays.Maybethisis4.whyshebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks.5.Howshebecomesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecangetbettersuggestionsand6.whowillgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.Itisherparents’suggestion7.thatsheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital.ProfessorWangsuggests8.thatshekeepabalanceddietfirst.Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein.What’smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday.MaryaskedProfessorWang9.whensheshouldtakeexercise.ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o’clockintheafternoon.Thatis10.becauseshewillhavemoretimetodosports.ItiswiththehelpofProfessorWangthatMaryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow.1．what引导的名词性从句最显眼eq\x(典例)(2025·浙江1月)此时，凯文回想起小偷说过的话，开始对自己的行为产生怀疑，并将他的想法告诉了格林夫妇。Atthispoint，Kevinrecalledwhatthethiefhadsaidandbegantodoubthisownactions，sharinghisthoughtswithMrandMrsGreen.eq\x(运用)(2025·全国二)然而，当回想起自己真正想分享的东西时，我便鼓起了勇气。However，whenrecallingwhatIhadtrulyintendedtoshare，Igatheredmycourage.2．同位语从句放在开头实力开篇eq\x(典例)(2025·全国二)我丝毫没有想到，我的中文名字竟能在东西方文化之间构筑理解与尊重。Ihadn’tthefaintestideathatmyChinesenamecouldbuildunderstandingandrespectbetweenEasternandWesterncultures.eq\x(运用)(2023·天津6月)我相信这样的活动对于促进跨文化理解和欣赏至关重要，我很高兴有机会分享自己的技能和经验，作为这项活动的一部分。Iholdthebeliefthatsucheventsarecrucialforpromotingcross-culturalunderstandingandappreciation，andIamthrilledtohavetheopportunitytosharemyownskillsandexperienceaspartofthiseffort.3．表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全eq\x(典例)(2025·天津6月)我之所以推荐，是因为高铁不仅是技术发展的象征，更意味着我们的地球拥有一个充满希望的未来。Thereasonformyrecommendationisthatnotonlyisthehigh-speedrailasymboloftechnologicaldevelopment，butitalsomeansapromisingfutureforourearth.eq\x(运用)(2025·上海1月)更棒的是，你的能力不会仅由一场期末考试来评估——平时的作业和课堂参与为你提供了大量机会，让你在整个学习过程中不断证明自己。What’sevenbetteristhatyourabilitywon’thavetobeassessedbyjustonefinalexam—regularassignmentsandparticipationinclassgiveyouplentyofchancestoproveyourselfconstantlyalongtheway.4．That/Thisisbecause/why...灵活简练eq\x(典例)(2025·上海1月)我知道你学习编程不只是为了成绩，更是为了掌握实用技能。所以我认为课程B对你再合适不过了。Iknowyou’reaimingtolearnprogrammingnotjustforgradesbutalsoforpracticalskills.That’swhyIthinkCourseBismoresuitableforyou.eq\x(运用)(2021·浙江6月)这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我想推荐我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。TheexhibitionisfantasticandshowsthecharmofChineseculture.ThisiswhyI