2026年10月自考03677语言学概论（英）押题及答案

2026年10月自考03677语言学概论（英）押题及答案（江苏）一、单项选择题1.Languageisasystemofarbitrary（C）symbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.visualB.writtenC.vocalD.gestural2.Theviewthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweensoundandmeaningiscalled（B）.A.dualityB.arbitrarinessC.displacementD.productivity3.Whichdesignfeatureenableslanguageuserstocreateandunderstandnewsentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore?（D）A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.CulturaltransmissionD.Productivity4.Thefactthatwecantalkaboutthingsinthepastorfuturebestillustrates（C）.A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.displacementD.interchangeability5.Languageisculturallytransmittedratherthangeneticallyinherited,whichisknownas（B）.A.dualityB.culturaltransmissionC.arbitrarinessD.displacement6.Thetwo-levelstructureofmeaninglesssoundsandmeaningfulunitsistermed（A）.A.dualityB.displacementC.creativityD.arbitrariness7.Wordsformedinimitationofnaturalsoundsarecalled（C）.A.acronymsB.blendsC.onomatopoeiaD.synonyms8.Thefunctionoflanguageusedtoestablishandmaintainsocialrelationsisthe（C）function.A.informativeB.recreationalC.interpersonalD.metalingual9.Smalltalksuchas“Niceday,isn’tit?”mainlyservesthefunctionof（C）.A.performativeB.emotiveC.phaticcommunionD.referential10.Utteranceslike“Inowdeclarethemeetingopen”performthe（D）function.A.phaticB.expressiveC.metalingualD.performative11.Usinglanguagetoexplainlanguageitselfisthe（C）function.A.emotiveB.interpersonalC.metalingualD.performative12.Halliday’sideational,interpersonalandtextualfunctionsarecollectivelycalled（B）.A.designfeaturesB.metafunctionsC.senserelationsD.distinctivefeatures13.WhichisNOTgenerallylistedasadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?（D）A.ArbitrarinessB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Stimulus-boundness14.Theprimarymediumoflanguageis（B）.A.writingB.speech(vocalsounds)C.signlanguageD.printing15.Animalcommunicationisusuallydescribedas（C）.A.open-endedB.displacedC.finiteandstimulus-boundD.arbitraryanddual16.Thearbitraryrelationshipholdsbetween（D）.A.awordanditsspellingB.twosynonymsC.verbandnounD.asoundformanditsmeaning17.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthe（B）studyoflanguage.A.literaryB.scientificC.prescriptiveD.subjective18.Thebranchthatstudiesspeechsoundsinproduction,transmissionandperceptionis（B）.A.phonologyB.phoneticsC.morphologyD.semantics19.Thestudyofhowsoundsareorganizedandusedtodistinguishmeaninginalanguageis（B）.A.phoneticsB.phonologyC.syntaxD.pragmatics20.Thestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsis（A）.A.morphologyB.syntaxC.semanticsD.phonology21.Thestudyofrulesgoverningthecombinationofwordsintosentencesis（A）.A.syntaxB.morphologyC.semanticsD.pragmatics22.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageis（B）.A.syntaxB.semanticsC.phoneticsD.morphology23.Thestudyofmeaningincontext(speakermeaning)is（C）.A.semanticsB.phonologyC.pragmaticsD.syntax24.TheabstractsystemofalanguagesharedbyaspeechcommunityisSaussure’s（C）.A.paroleB.competenceC.langueD.performance25.Theactual,concreteuseoflanguagebyanindividualonanoccasionis（D）.A.langueB.competenceC.systemD.parole26.Thedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedby（D）.A.SaussureB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.Chomsky27.Anativespeaker’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguageiscalled（B）.A.performanceB.competenceC.paroleD.reference28.Studyinglanguageasitisataparticularpointintimeisa（C）study.A.diachronicB.historicalC.synchronicD.comparative29.Studyinglanguagechangeovertimeisa（B）study.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.descriptiveD.prescriptive30.Thelinear,left-to-rightrelationbetweenadjacentlinguisticunitsis（A）.A.syntagmaticrelationB.paradigmaticrelationC.hierarchicalrelationD.dependencyrelation31.Therelationamongitemsthatcanreplaceoneanotherinthesamepositionis（C）.A.syntagmaticrelationB.sequentialrelationC.paradigmaticrelationD.linearrelation32.Theapproachthatrecordshowpeopleactuallyspeakratherthanlayingdownrulesis（D）.A.prescriptiveB.traditionalC.normativeD.descriptive33.Traditionalgrammaristypicallycharacterizedas（B）.A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.structural34.Sociolinguistics,psycholinguisticsandappliedlinguisticsbelongto（B）.A.microlinguisticsB.macrolinguisticsC.phoneticsD.stylistics35.Thesixcorebranches(phonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,semantics,pragmatics)form（C）.A.macrolinguisticsB.anthropologicallinguisticsC.microlinguisticsD.stylistics36.Halliday’stermforwhataspeaker“cando”linguisticallyislinguistic（A）.A.potentialB.performanceC.paroleD.behavior37.Communicationbygestures,facialexpressionsandeyecontactis（B）communication.A.verbalB.non-verbalC.writtenD.phatic38.Whichscientificprinciplerequiresthatlinguisticanalysisbebasedonobservablelanguagedataratherthanprejudice?（C）A.ComplexityB.ArbitrarinessC.ObjectivityD.Prescription39.Generallinguisticsistoparticularlanguagesastheoreticallinguisticsisto（C）linguistics.A.descriptiveB.synchronicC.appliedD.comparative40.Articulatoryphoneticsismainlyconcernedwith（B）.A.soundwavesB.howspeechsoundsareproducedC.speechperceptionD.meaningofsounds41.Thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsis（C）phonetics.A.articulatoryB.auditoryC.acousticD.motor42.Auditoryphoneticsstudies（C）.A.howthespeakerarticulatesB.wavefrequencyC.howthelistenerperceivessoundsD.phonemesystems43.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsisthe（D）.A.uvulaB.alveolusC.velumD.glottis44.Soundsproducedwithvocal-cordvibrationare（D）.A.voicelessB.aspiratedC.nasalizedD.voiced45.Thesoftmovabletissueatthebackoftheroofofthemouthisthe（A）.A.velum(softpalate)B.hardpalateC.alveolarridgeD.epiglottis46.Theridgejustbehindtheupperteethisthe（D）.A.hardpalateB.softpalateC.uvulaD.alveolarridge47.Whichistheplaceofarticulationof[p]and[b]?（D）A.LabiodentalB.AlveolarC.VelarD.Bilabial48.[f]and[v]are（D）fricatives.A.dentalB.alveolarC.palatalD.labiodental49.[θ]and[ð]are（B）fricatives.A.labiodentalB.dentalC.alveolarD.glottal50.[s]and[z]are（C）fricatives.A.dentalB.palatalC.alveolarD.velar51.Thesound[h]isa（A）.A.voicelessglottalfricativeB.voicedalveolarplosiveC.voicelessbilabialfricativeD.voicedvelarnasal52.Thesound[ŋ]isa（B）.A.voicelessvelarplosiveB.voicedvelarnasalC.voicedalveolarlateralD.voicedbilabialnasal53.Thesound[tʃ]isa（A）.A.voicelesspostalveolaraffricateB.voicedpostalveolaraffricateC.voicelessalveolarfricativeD.voicedpalatalglide54.Whichpairconsistsofvelarplosives?（C）A.[p]and[b]B.[t]and[d]C.[k]and[ɡ]D.[f]and[v]55.Themannerofarticulationof[m],[n],[ŋ]is（C）.A.plosiveB.fricativeC.nasalD.lateral56.Thesound[l]isanalveolar（B）.A.nasalB.lateralC.plosiveD.fricative57.Aplosiveisproducedby（B）.A.narrowingcausingfrictionB.completeobstructionfollowedbyreleaseC.loweringthevelumD.freeairflowwithnoobstruction58.Intheproductionofvowels,theairstream（A）.A.meetsnoobstructionB.iscompletelyblockedC.isfullynasalizedD.alwayscausesfriction59.VowelsareclassifiedbyallEXCEPT（B）.A.tongueheightB.mannerofarticulationC.tonguefrontnessD.liprounding60.Thevowel[iː]isdescribedasa（A）vowel.A.highfrontunroundedtenseB.lowbackroundedlaxC.highbackroundedD.midcentralneutral61.Adiphthongisavowel（A）.A.thatglidesfromonevowelqualitytoanotherB.withnotonguemovementC.producedwithvocalobstructionD.thatisalwaysshort62.Adetailedtranscriptionusingdiacritics,enclosedin[],is（B）.A.broadtranscriptionB.narrowtranscriptionC.phonemictranscriptionD.orthography63.Asimplephonemictranscriptionenclosedin//iscalled（D）.A.narrowtranscriptionB.impressionistictranscriptionC.allophonicwritingD.broadtranscription64.Adjustingthearticulationinadvanceforafollowingsoundis（D）coarticulation.A.perseverativeB.delayedC.residualD.anticipatory65.TheIPAprinciplethatonesymbolrepresentsonesoundisknownas（A）.A.onesymbolonesoundB.dualityC.arbitrarinessD.complementarydistribution66.Whichofthefollowingisavoicedbilabialplosive?（C）A.[p]B.[m]C.[b]D.[v]67.Whichsoundisavoicelessdentalfricative?（D）A.[ð]B.[s]C.[ʃ]D.[θ]68.Thesmallestunitthatcandistinguishmeaninginalanguageisa（D）.A.phoneB.allophoneC.syllableD.phoneme69.Aphonemeisconventionallyenclosedin（B）.A.squarebrackets[]B.slashes//C.parentheses()D.braces{}70.Anactual,concretespeechsoundasitisproducedisa（D）.A.phonemeB.morphemeC.featureD.phone71.Thedifferentrealizationsofthesamephonemeindifferentenvironmentsareits（C）.A.minimalpairsB.distinctivefeaturesC.allophonesD.morphs72.Twowordsdifferingbyonlyonesoundinthesamepositionandhavingdifferentmeaningsforma（A）.A.minimalpairB.complementarypairC.freevariantD.allophoneset73.Aspirated[pʰ]andunaspirated[p]inEnglisharein（C）.A.contrastivedistributionB.freevariationC.complementarydistributionD.minimalcontrast74.Iftwosoundsdistinguishmeaningandoccurinthesameenvironment,theyarein（D）distribution.A.complementaryB.redundantC.identicalD.contrastive75.Twosoundsinterchangeableinthesameenvironmentwithoutchangingmeaningarein（B）.A.complementarydistributionB.freevariationC.contrastivedistributionD.minimalpair76.Minimalpairsareusedtoestablish（B）.A.allophonesofonephonemeB.separatephonemesC.freevariantsD.syllabletypes77.Binaryfeaturessuchas[±voice]and[±nasal]arecalled（A）features.A.distinctiveB.prosodicC.suprasegmentalD.phonetic78.Theprocessbywhichasoundbecomessimilartoaneighboringsoundis（C）.A.dissimilationB.metathesisC.assimilationD.deletion79.Changingtheorderoftwosoundsis（B）.A.epenthesisB.metathesisC.assimilationD.deletion80.Insertinganextrasoundintoawordis（D）.A.deletionB.metathesisC.dissimilationD.epenthesis81.Aphonologicalruleisconventionallywrittenas（D）.A.A=B+XB.X→Y/AC.B→A/Y__XD.A→B/X__Y82.Stress,toneandintonationare（B）features.A.segmentalB.suprasegmentalC.distinctivebinaryD.manner83.Thepartofasyllablebeforethenucleusisthe（D）.A.codaB.rhymeC.peakD.onset84.Therhymeofasyllableconsistsofthenucleusandthe（C）.A.onsetB.glideC.codaD.stress85.Thenoun’recordandtheverbre’cordaredistinguishedby（A）.A.wordstressB.toneC.aspirationD.vowellength86.Alanguageinwhichpitchdistinguisheswordmeaningisa（B）language.A.intonationB.toneC.stress-timedD.syllable-timed87.Risingandfallingpitchpatternsoveranutterancearecalled（C）.A.toneB.assimilationC.intonationD.juncture88.InEnglishtheaspirated[pʰ]occursmainly（D）.A.after[s]B.betweenvowelsC.incodaD.atthebeginningofastressedsyllable89.Phonologydiffersfromphoneticsinthatphonologyis（A）.A.language-specificandmeaning-relatedB.universalandphysicalC.articulationD.hearing90.Broadtranscribethephonemes,whilenarrowtranscriptionrecords（B）.A.spellingB.detailedallophonicdetailsC.wordclassD.syllablecount91.Thepluralendings[s],[z],[ɪz]are（D）ofthesamemorpheme.A.phonemesB.minimalpairsC.stressesD.allomorphs92.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisthe（A）.A.morphemeB.phonemeC.syllableD.phone93.Amorphemethatcanstandaloneasawordisa（B）morpheme.A.boundB.freeC.inflectionalD.zero94.Amorphemethatmustbeattachedtoanotherisa（B）morpheme.A.freeB.boundC.root-freeD.lexical95.Thepartofawordcarryingthemainlexicalmeaningisthe（B）.A.affixB.rootC.suffixD.stemmarker96.Theaffixes-s,-ed,-ing,-er,-estinEnglishare（A）affixes.A.inflectionalB.derivationalC.prefixalD.compounding97.Anaffixthatchangeswordclassormeaningandcreatesanewwordis（D）.A.inflectionalB.grammaticalC.zeroD.derivational98.HowmanyinflectionalaffixesdoesEnglishhave?（B）A.FourB.EightC.TenD.Two99.Anaffixinsertedinsidearootisa(n)（B）.A.prefixB.infixC.suffixD.circumfix100.Theformtowhichaninflectionalaffixisattachedisthe（A）.A.stemB.allomorphC.phoneD.coda101.Thebroadesttermforanyformtowhichanaffixcanbeattachedis（B）.A.stemB.baseC.onsetD.rhyme102.Theconcretephoneticrealizationofamorphemeisa（C）.A.phonemeB.featureC.morphD.syllable103.Thepluralofsheepisrealizedbya(n)（A）.A.zeromorphB.freemorphC.prefixD.infix104.Formingawordbyaddingaderivationalaffixis（C）.A.compoundingB.conversionC.derivationD.blending105.Combiningtwoormorefreewordsintooneis（B）.A.derivationB.compoundingC.clippingD.borrowing106.Changingwordclasswithoutchangingwordform(e.g.watern.→v.)is（D）.A.compoundingB.blendingC.acronymD.conversion107.smog(smoke+fog)isformedby（C）.A.clippingB.acronymC.blendingD.back-formation108.adfromadvertisementisformedby（D）.A.blendingB.borrowingC.coinageD.clipping109.NATO,readasoneword,isa(n)（C）.A.initialismB.blendC.acronymD.clipping110.BBC,pronouncedletterbyletter,isa(n)（D）.A.acronymB.compoundC.derivativeD.initialism111.Derivingeditfromeditoris（C）.A.conversionB.blendingC.back-formationD.borrowing112.Theanalysisthatsplitsaconstructionlayerbylayerintoimmediatepartsis（A）.A.ICanalysisB.componentialanalysisC.minimalpairtestD.distinctivefeatureanalysis113.Whichofthefollowingcontainsaboundroot?（B）A.happinessB.receiveC.booksD.unlock114.Inun-happi-ness,therootis（A）.A.happyB.un-C.-nessD.unhappi115.WhichaffixorderiscorrectinEnglish?（A）A.derivationalaffixbeforeinflectionalaffixB.inflectionalbeforederivationalC.prefixaftersuffixD.randomorder116.Themorphemes-sincats,[s],andindogs,[z],are（B）.A.twophonemesB.allomorphsC.freemorphemesD.separateroots117.Syntaxstudiestherulesthatgovern（A）.A.howwordsarecombinedintosentencesB.theinternalstructureofwordsC.speechsoundsD.meaninginisolation118.Grammaristraditionallydividedintomorphologyand（A）.A.syntaxB.phonologyC.semanticsD.phonetics119.Therelationamongelementsarrangedinalinearsequenceisthe（A）relation.A.syntagmaticB.paradigmaticC.hierarchicalD.dependency120.Therelationamonginterchangeableelementsatonestructuralslotis（D）.A.syntagmaticB.linearC.sequentialD.paradigmatic121.Therelationbywhichsmallerunitsarenestedlayerbylayerwithinlargeronesis（C）.A.linearrelationB.paradigmaticrelationC.hierarchicalrelationD.freevariation122.ICanalysisdividesaconstructionintoits（B）.A.ultimatephonemesB.immediateconstituentsC.minimalpairsD.semanticfeatures123.Atreediagramusedtoshowsentencestructureisalsocalleda（C）.A.minimalpairB.semanticfieldC.phrasemarkerD.phoneticchart124.Representingstructurewithnestedbrackets,e.g.[S[NP][VP]],is（D）.A.blendingB.transcriptionC.assimilationD.bracketing125.Therelationbetweenaheadanditsdependentmodifiersis（B）.A.freevariationB.dependencyrelationC.complementarydistributionD.minimalcontrast126.Theabstractstructurethatdirectlydeterminesmeaningisthe（C）.A.surfacestructureB.linearspellingC.deepstructureD.phoneticform127.Theconcrete,pronounceablelinearformofasentenceisits（D）.A.deepstructureB.phrasemarkerC.competenceD.surfacestructure128.Deepstructuresaregeneratedby（B）.A.transformationalrulesB.phrasestructurerulesC.spellingrulesD.phonologicalrules129.Deepstructureisconvertedintosurfacestructureby（C）.A.phrasestructurerulesB.lexicalredundancyC.transformationalrulesD.phonetictranscription130.Thebasicphrasestructureruleforasentenceis（A）.A.S→NP+VPB.S→V+NPC.NP→S+VPD.VP→S131.TherulePP→P+NPisa（A）rule.A.phrasestructureB.transformationalC.phonologicalD.morphological132.Turninganactivesentenceintoapassiveoneisachievedbya（A）rule.A.transformationalB.phrase-structurerulesC.lexicalD.phonetic133.Asentencewithonesurfaceformbuttwostructuralinterpretationsshows（A）.A.structuralambiguityB.lexicalsynonymyC.freevariationD.minimalpair134.“Flyingplanescanbedangerous”isambiguousbecauseof（C）.A.twophonemesB.stressshiftC.twodifferentstructuresD.assimilation135.Nouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsformthe（D）wordclasses.A.closedB.functionalC.minorD.open136.Prepositions,conjunctionsandpronounsbelongto（B）wordclasses.A.openB.closedC.lexicalD.major137.Aconstituentcanbeidentifiedbyreplacement,movementand（C）tests.A.assimilationB.aspirationC.coordinationD.nasalization138.Therecursivenatureofphrasestructurerulesaccountsforlanguage’s（D）.A.arbitrarinessB.displacementC.nasalityD.productivity139.InX-barterms,everyphraseXPhasa(n)（A）asitscore.A.head(X)B.codaC.glottisD.allophone140.Wh-movementandsubject-auxiliaryinversionareexamplesof（D）.A.PSrulesB.phoneticprocessesC.wordformationD.transformations141.WhichdoesNOTchangemeaningbutchangeswordorder/form?（B）A.AlexicalrelationB.AtransformationalruleC.AminimalpairD.Asemanticfeature142.Thedirectconstituentsof“Theboykickedtheball”atthetoplevelare（C）.A.The/boyB.kicked/theC.Theboy/kickedtheballD.ball/kicked143.Surfacestructureistopronunciationasdeepstructureisto（A）.A.meaningB.spellingC.phoneticsD.stress144.Twodifferentdeepstructuresrealizedbyonesurfacestructureyield（D）.A.synonymyB.complementarydistributionC.assimilationD.ambiguity145.LabeledICanalysisadds（B）toeachconstituent.A.diacriticsB.categorylabelssuchasNPandVPC.phoneticsymbolsD.translation146.Passivizationmovestheobjectintothepositionof（D）.A.verbB.prepositionC.determinerD.subject147.Theauxiliary(tense/modal)appearsintherule（A）.A.S→NPAuxVPB.VP→AuxSC.NP→AuxD.PP→AuxNP148.Aphrasethatcontainsnosmallerphraseofthesametypeisheadedbya（B）.A.minimalpairB.headwordC.syllablecodaD.zeromorph149.Hierarchicalstructureshowsthatsentencesarenotmerely（C）strings.A.meaningfulB.deepC.linearD.abstract150.Constituencyistoparts-wholelayeringasdependencyisto（D）.A.freevariationB.minimalcontrastC.nasalityD.head-modifiergovernment151.Whichisaclosed-classitem?（D）A.quicklyB.tableC.writeD.the152.Whichisanopen-classitem?（D）A.theB.ofC.andD.beautiful153.Thesamedeepstructurecanyieldseveralsurfacestructures,e.g.（C）.A.twounrelatedwordsB.minimalpairsC.activeandpassiveversionsD.homophones154.Bracketingandtreediagramsaretwonotationsforthesame（A）structure.A.hierarchicalB.phoneticC.segmentalD.acoustic155.Structuralambiguityisresolvedbydrawing（C）.A.onephonemeB.aminimalpairC.twodifferentphrasemarkersD.astressmark156.Phrasestructurerulesaresaidtobe（C）becausetheycanreapplyinsidetheirownoutput.A.finiteandclosedB.prescriptiveC.recursiveD.nasal157.Semanticsisthestudyof（A）.A.linguisticmeaningB.sentenceorderC.speechorgansD.soundwaves158.Theviewthatwordsaremerelynames/labelsforthingsisthe（D）theory.A.contextualistB.behavioristC.functionalD.naming159.OgdenandRichards’symbol–concept–referentmodelisthe（A）.A.semiotictriangleB.phrasemarkerC.minimalpairD.syllabletree160.Theviewthatmeaningisdeterminedbysituationanduseis（B）.A.namingtheoryB.contextualismC.behaviorismD.dualism161.Bloomfield’sstimulus–responseaccountofmeaningrepresents（D）.A.conceptualismB.namingtheoryC.mentalismD.behaviorism162.Theabstract,language-internalmeaningofanexpressionisits（A）.A.senseB.referentC.extensionobjectD.sound163.Theentityintheworldanexpressionpointstoisits（B）.A.senseB.referentC.conceptwordD.feature164.Therelationshipbetweenalinguisticexpressionanditsreferentis（B）.A.rhemeB.referenceC.codaD.onset165.Thesetofallentitiesatermcanrefertoisits（D）.A.intensionB.themeC.glideD.extension/denotation166.Thesetofessentialattributesdefiningatermisits（B）.A.extensionB.intensionC.codaD.phone167.Morningstarandeveningstarhavethesamereferencebutdifferent（A）.A.senseB.referentC.phoneD.stress168.AccordingtoLeech,thecentral,logical,dictionarymeaningis（C）meaning.A.connotativeB.affectiveC.conceptualD.thematic169.Meaningconveyedbyassociationbeyondtheconceptualcoreis（D）meaning.A.conceptualB.logicalC.binaryD.connotative170.Meaningreflectingthespeaker’sfeelingsandattitudeis（D）meaning.A.socialB.collocationalC.conceptualD.affective171.Meaningarisingfromwordorderandinformationarrangementis（A）meaning.A.thematicB.affectiveC.socialD.denotative172.Analyzingwordmeaninginto[±HUMAN],[±MALE]featuresis（D）.A.ICanalysisB.minimalpairtestC.assimilationD.componentialanalysis173.Incomponentialanalysis,manis（A）.A.[+HUMAN][+ADULT][+MALE]B.[+HUMAN][−ADULT][+MALE]C.[−HUMAN][+ANIMATE]D.[+ANIMAL][−HUMAN]174.Wordsofonedomainthatmutuallydelimitoneanotherforma（D）.A.minimalpairB.syllableC.phrasemarkerD.semanticfield175.Wordswiththesameornearlythesamemeaningare（B）.A.antonymsB.synonymsC.homophonesD.hyponyms176.Onewordwithseveralrelatedsensesshows（A）.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD.antonymy177.flower/flourare（B）.A.synonymsB.homophonesC.hyponymsD.complementaries178.bank(river)andbank(money)are（A）.A.completehomonymsB.synonymsC.polysemesD.antonyms179.Therelationbetweenflowerandrose/lily/tulipis（C）.A.antonymyB.synonymyC.hyponymyD.metathesis180.Thegeneralterminahyponymyrelationisthe（D）.A.co-hyponymB.codaC.allophoneD.superordinate181.Hotandcoldare（B）antonyms.A.complementaryB.gradableC.relationalD.binary-absolute182.Aliveanddeadare（C）antonyms.A.gradableB.relationalC.complementaryD.converse183.Husbandandwife,buyandsellare（D）antonyms.A.gradableB.complementaryC.gradedD.relational(converse)184.IfXistrueYmustbetrue,thenX（B）Y.A.presupposesB.entailsC.contradictsD.rhymeswith185.ArelationthatsurvivesthenegationofXis（D）.A.entailmentB.contradictionC.tautologyD.presupposition186.“Hedidn’tstopsmoking”stillassumeshesmokedbefore;thisis（C）.A.entailmentB.contradictionC.presuppositionD.synonymy187.Twosentencesthatcannotbothbetrueare（A）.A.contradictoryB.synonymousC.entailedD.tautological188.Theinformationstartingpointofasentence(oftengiveninformation)isthe（D）.A.rhemeB.referentC.codaD.theme189.Thepartthatsayssomethingnewaboutthethemeisthe（C）.A.themeB.onsetC.rhemeD.glottis190.big/smallallowverybigandamiddleground,sotheyare（A）.A.gradableantonymsB.complementariesC.relationalpairsD.homophones191.Whichrelationholdsbetweenanimalanddog/cat?（C）A.SynonymyB.ComplementaryantonymyC.Hyponymy(animalissuperordinate)D.Homophony192.Collocativemeaningdependsonaword’s（D）.A.logicaldefinitionB.phonemesC.syllablecountD.typicalco-occurrencewithotherwords193.Socialmeaningismainlydeterminedby（A）.A.registerandsocialsituationB.articulationC.distinctivefeaturesD.wordlength194.Astatementtruebyitslogicalformalone(e.g.boysareboys)isa（A）.A.tautologyB.contradictionC.presuppositionD.metathesis195.Senserelationsbetweenwordsbelongto（B）semantics.A.acousticB.lexicalC.articulatoryD.motor196.Denotationisclosestinmeaningto（B）.A.intensionB.extensionC.rhemeD.theme197.The“fatherofmodernlinguistics”is（A）.A.SaussureB.BloomfieldC.ChomskyD.Halliday198.Saussure’slectureswerepublishedas（C）.A.SyntacticStructuresB.LanguageC.CourseinGeneralLinguisticsD.HowtoDoThingswithWords199.ThePragueSchoolismostfamousforfounding（A）.A.phonologyanddistinctivefeaturesB.behaviorismC.X-bartheoryD.speechacttheory200.PrinciplesofPhonologywaswrittenby（A）.A.TrubetzkoyB.BloomfieldC.FirthD.Sapir201.Glossematicsisassociatedwiththe（D）School.A.PragueB.LondonC.AmericanD.Copenhagen202.TheleaderofAmericanstructuralismis（D）.A.SaussureB.HallidayC.MalinowskiD.Bloomfield203.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisconcerns（C）.A.deepandsurfacestructureB.vowellengthC.languageandthought/worldviewD.syllabletiming204.Transformational-generativegrammarwasfoundedby（C）.A.BloomfieldB.FirthC.ChomskyD.Hjelmslev205.Chomsky’sSyntacticStructuresappearedin（C）.A.1933B.1916C.1957D.1975206.ThedeviceChomskyproposedtoexplainchildlanguageacquisitionis（D）.A.IPAB.ICC.FSPD.LAD207.Chomsky’sclaimthathumansarebornwithinnatelinguisticprinciplesis（A）.A.UniversalGrammarB.glossematicsC.behaviorismD.distributionalism208.TheLondonSchool’sideaof“contextofsituation”iscreditedto（A）.A.M