人教版高中英语选修八全册重点单词解析

人教版高中英语选修八全册重点单词解析Unit1ALandofDiversity本单元围绕美国的多元文化展开，涉及移民、文化融合等主题，词汇具有较强的历史感和描述性。1.occur(vi.)*释义：发生；出现；存在于(tohappen;totakeplace;toexistinaparticularplaceorsituation)*用法：sth.occurs(tosb.)某事发生；某人想到（主意等）。注意其过去式和过去分词为occurred，需双写“r”。*例句：Greatchangeshaveoccurredinmyhometownsincethen.Anideaoccurredtoherthatshecouldaskherteacherforhelp.*辨析：occur,happen,takeplace:occur较为正式，可指具体事件或抽象事物的“发生”；happen最常用，口语化，强调偶然性；takeplace常指有计划、有安排的事情“发生”。2.majority(n.)*释义：多数；大半(thelargernumberorpartofsth.)*用法：themajorityof+可数名词复数/不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其后的名词。也可单独使用，指代“多数人/物”。*例句：Themajorityofstudentssupportthisdecision.Themajoritywas/wereinfavoroftheproposal.(此处单复数均可，强调整体用单数，强调个体用复数)*反义词：minority(少数)3.elect(vt.)*释义：选举；选择(tochoosesb.todoaparticularjobbyvoting;todecidetodosth.)*用法：electsb.(as)+职位名词；electtodosth.*例句：Hewaselectedpresidentofthestudents'union.Theyelectedtostayathomeratherthangoout.*派生词：election(n.选举),elected(adj.当选的)4.indicate(vt.)*释义：指出；标示；表明；暗示(toshowsth.,especiallybypointing;tosuggestthatsth.istrue)*例句：Aredlightindicatesthatthebatteryisrunninglow.Hishesitationindicatedthathewasunwillingtoagree.*派生词：indication(n.指示；迹象),indicator(n.指示器；指标)5.boom(n.&vi.)*释义：(n.)繁荣；激增；(vi.)迅速发展；兴旺*例句：Thecityexperiencedaneconomicboominthe1990s.TheITindustryisboomingnowadays.*搭配：ababyboom(婴儿潮),economicboom(经济繁荣)Unit2Cloning:WhereIsItLeadingUs?本单元聚焦克隆技术，词汇多与科学、伦理、技术相关，部分词汇抽象且易混淆。1.differ(vi.)*释义：不同；相异(tobedifferentfromsth.insomeway)*用法：differfromsb./sth.(insth.)在某方面与……不同*例句：FrenchdiffersfromEnglishinmanyways.Opinionsdifferonthismatter.*派生词：different(adj.),difference(n.),differential(adj.差别的；n.差别)2.exact(adj.)*用法：在句中可作定语或表语。*例句：Weneedtheexactmeasurementsbeforewecanstartbuilding.Hermemoryisveryexact.*派生词：exactly(adv.),exactness(n.)*辨析：exact,accurate,precise:exact强调与事实完全相符，丝毫不差；accurate强调准确性，与标准或真实情况接近；precise强调精确性，细节清晰明确。3.undertake(vt.)*释义：着手；从事；承担；承诺(tostarttodosth.thatwilltaketimeandeffort;toagreetodosth.)*用法：undertakesth./todosth./that从句*过去式/过去分词：undertook,undertaken4.arbitrary(adj.)*释义：任意的；武断的；随心所欲的(basedonpersonalopinionorchoiceratherthanonreason)*用法：多用来修饰decisions,choices,rules等。*例句：Thedecisiontoclosethefactoryseemsarbitrary.Hemakesarbitrarydecisionswithoutconsultinganyone.*派生词：arbitrarily(adv.)5.resist(vt.&vi.)*用法：resiststh./doingsth.*例句：Thesoldiersresistedtheenemyattackbravely.Icouldn'tresistlaughingwhenIheardthejoke.*派生词：resistance(n.抵抗；阻力),resistant(adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的)Unit3InventorsandInventions本单元主题为发明与发明家，词汇多与创造、设计、过程、专利等相关。1.distinguish(vt.&vi.)*释义：区分；辨别；使杰出；使具有特色(torecognizethedifferencebetweentwopeopleorthings;tomakesb./sth.differentorspecial)*用法：distinguishbetweenAandB;distinguishAfromB;distinguishoneself(assth.)因……而杰出*例句：It'shardtodistinguishbetweenthetwomodels.Whatdistinguishesthisbookfromothers?Shedistinguishedherselfasagreatpianist.*派生词：distinguished(adj.卓越的；著名的),distinguishable(adj.可区分的)2.convenient(adj.)*释义：方便的；便利的；就近的(suitedtoyourneedsortoaparticularsituation)*用法：beconvenientforsb./sth./todosth.注意：convenient的主语通常是事物，而不是人。表达“某人方便做某事”常用Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.*例句：Abicycleisoftenmoreconvenientthanacarincrowdedcities.Isitconvenientforyoutomeettomorrow?*派生词：convenience(n.方便；便利设施),conveniently(adv.)3.associate(vt.&vi.&n.)*释义：(vt.&vi.)联想；联系；交往；(n.)同事；伙伴*用法：associateAwithB把A和B联系起来；associatewithsb.与某人交往*例句：Peopleoftenassociatethesmellofbakingwiththeirchildhood.Idon'tliketoassociatewithdishonestpeople.Heisoneofmybusinessassociates.*派生词：association(n.协会；联想；联系),associated(adj.相关的；联合的)4.expectation(n.)*释义：预料；期望；指望(thebeliefthatsth.willhappenorthatsb.willdosth.)*用法：常与介词of,for连用，或接that从句。*例句：There'sageneralexpectationthattheeconomywillimprove.Wehavehighexpectationsforourchildren.*派生词：expect(v.),expected(adj.),expecting(adj.)5.file(n.&vt.&vi.)*释义：(n.)文件；档案；文件夹；(计算机)文件；(vt.&vi.)归档；提交；锉*例句：Ineedtofindthatfileonthenewproject.Pleasefiletheselettersinthecabinet.Hefiledfordivorcelastmonth.Unit4Pygmalion本单元改编自经典戏剧，词汇富有文学色彩，涉及人物描写、情感表达、社会阶层等。1.classify(vt.)*释义：编排；分类；归类(toarrangethingsingroupsaccordingtotheirtype)*用法：classifysth.(assth.)*例句：Booksinthelibraryareclassifiedbysubject.Thisinformationisclassifiedastopsecret.*派生词：classification(n.分类；类别),classified(adj.分类的；保密的)2.remark(n.&vt.&vi.)*释义：(n.)谈论；言论；评述；(vt.&vi.)说起；评论*用法：makearemark(on/aboutsth.)对……发表评论；remarkon/uponsth.评论某事；remarkthat从句*例句：Hemadearuderemarkaboutherappearance.Thejudgeremarkedonthehighstandardoftheentries.Sheremarkedthatitwasgettinglate.*派生词：remarkable(adj.非凡的；显著的)3.hesitate(vi.)*用法：hesitatetodosth.犹豫做某事；hesitateabout/oversth.对某事犹豫不决*例句：Shehesitatedtotellhimthetruth.Don'thesitatetocontactmeifyouneedhelp.Hehesitatedoverthechoicebetweenthetwojobs.*派生词：hesitation(n.犹豫),hesitant(adj.犹豫的)*释义：(n.)妥协；折中；让步；(vi.&vt.)妥协；折中解决5.condemn(vt.)*释义：谴责；指责；宣判；迫使……接受困境(toexpressstrongdisapprovalofsb./sth.;tosayofficiallythatsb.isguiltyofacrimeandgivethemapunishment;toforcesb.toliveinanunpleasantsituation)*用法：condemnsb./sth.(for/assth.)因……谴责某人/某物；condemnsb.tosth.判处某人……；迫使某人接受……*例句：Thebombingwascondemnedbytheentireworld.Hewascondemnedtodeathformurder.Shewascondemnedtoalifeofloneliness.*派生词：condemnation(n.谴责)Unit5Meetingyourancestors本单元围绕考古学展开，词汇涉及人类起源、考古发现、工具技术、社会结构等。1.alternative(adj.&n.)*释义：(adj.)可供替代的；非传统的；(n.)可供选择的事物*用法：alternativeenergy替代能源；analternativeplan另一项计划；havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只能做某事*派生词：alternatively(adv.)2.assume(vt.)*释义：假定；设想；承担；就职；呈现(tothinkoracceptthatsth.istruebutwithouthavingproof;totakeonaparticularrole,responsibility,etc.;tostarttohaveaparticularqualityorappearance)*用法：assumesth./that从句/sb.tobesth.*例句：Iassumeyou'reheretoseethedoctor.Let'sassumethattheplanisfeasible.Heassumedresponsibilityfortheproject.*派生词：assumption(n.假定；承担),assuming(conj.假定；假如)*辨析：assume,suppose,presume:assume指主观上毫无根据的武断推测或认为；suppose指根据一定的事实进行的推测，有时含试探性；presume指有一定的根据，认为是当然的事。3.attach(vt.&vi.)*释义：系；贴；连接；附加；使依恋(tofastenorjoinonethingtoanother;toaddsth.tosth.else;tobeconnectedtoorpartofsth.)*用法：attachsth.tosth.把某物系/贴/连接到某物上；attachimportance/significance/valuetosth.认为某事重要/有意义/有价值；beattachedtosb./sth.喜爱某人/某物*例句：Attachthelabeltoyoursuitcase.Weattachgreatimportancetoeducation.Sheisdeeplyattachedtoherfamily.*派生词：attachment(n.附件；依恋)4.explicit(adj.)*释义：明确的；清楚的；直言的；详述的(clearandeasytounderstand;statingsth.cle