2026年天津市部编版高中英语一轮复习词汇专项训练习题

2026年天津市部编版高中英语一轮复习词汇专项训练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theterm"ubiquitous"ismostcommonlyusedtodescribesomethingthatis______.A.rareandvaluableB.presenteverywhereatthesametimeC.difficulttounderstandD.graduallydisappearingfromsociety解析：本题考查词汇辨析。选项A“稀有且珍贵的”与词义不符；选项B“同时存在于任何地方”准确对应ubiquitous的核心含义，如“smartphonesareubiquitousinmodernlife”（智能手机在现代生活中无处不在）；选项C“难以理解”与词义无关；选项D“逐渐消失”与词义相反。正确答案为B，该词常用于描述科技、文化现象等广泛存在的状态。2.Inthesentence"Sheexoneratedhimofthecharges,"theword"exonerated"means______.A.toblamesomeoneB.tofreesomeonefromblameC.todelayadecisionD.toincreasesuspicion解析：本题考查动词辨析。选项A“责备某人”与词义相反；选项B“免除某人的责任”符合语境，如“thecourtexoneratedhimforlackofevidence”（法院因缺乏证据免除其责任）；选项C“延迟决定”与词义无关；选项D“增加怀疑”与词义相反。正确答案为B，该词常用于法律或正式场合。3.Theidiom"tokilltwobirdswithonestone"means______.A.tofailateverythingyoutryB.toachievetwogoalswithasingleactionC.towastetimeonunnecessarytasksD.tomakeadecisionveryquickly解析：本题考查习语理解。选项A“失败于所有尝试”与词义相反；选项B“用一次行动达成两个目标”准确对应习语含义，如“bystudyingabroad,hekilledtwobirdswithonestone—heimprovedhislanguageskillsandgainedculturalexperience”（通过留学，他一举两得，提升了语言能力并积累了文化经验）；选项C“浪费时间做不必要的事”与词义相反；选项D“快速做决定”与词义无关。正确答案为B，该习语强调效率。4.Theprefix"auto-"means______.A.waterB.selfC.loudD.foreign解析：本题考查词根词缀。选项A“水”对应hydro-；选项B“自我”准确对应auto-，如“autobiography”（自传）；选项C“响亮”对应sonor-；选项D“外国”对应ex-或extra-。正确答案为B，该前缀常见于“automobile”（汽车）、“autonomy”（自主权）等词。5.Theword"premature"ismostoftenusedtodescribesomethingthatis______.A.plannedaheadoftimeB.delayedunnecessarilyC.happeningtooearlyD.completedtooquickly解析：本题考查形容词辨析。选项A“提前计划的”与词义不符；选项B“不必要地延迟”与词义相反；选项C“过早发生的”准确对应premature，如“aprematurebirth”（早产）；选项D“过快完成的”与词义无关。正确答案为C，该词常用于描述生理、事件或决策的时机不当。6.Inthesentence"Thecommitteeisbicameral,"theword"bicameral"means______.A.havingonlyonemeetingB.consistingoftwopartsC.makingdecisionsaloneD.operatinginsecret解析：本题考查术语理解。选项A“只有一个会议”与词义无关；选项B“由两部分组成”准确对应bicameral，如“theU.S.Congressisbicameral”（美国国会两院制）；选项C“单独做决定”与词义无关；选项D“秘密运作”与词义无关。正确答案为B，该词常用于描述立法机构。7.Thesuffix"-logy"ismostcommonlyaddedtoawordtoindicate______.A.aplaceB.anactionC.afieldofstudyD.atypeoffood解析：本题考查词根词缀。选项A“地方”对应-land；选项B“动作”对应-ism；选项C“研究领域”准确对应-logy，如“biology”（生物学）、“geology”（地质学）；选项D“食物类型”与词义无关。正确答案为C，该后缀常见于科学、学术领域。8.Theidiom"tohitthenailonthehead"means______.A.tomissthepointcompletelyB.tomakeaveryaccuratestatementC.toworkveryslowlyD.toarguewithsomeone解析：本题考查习语理解。选项A“完全错过要点”与词义相反；选项B“做出非常准确的陈述”准确对应习语，如“youranalysishitthenailonthehead”（你的分析一针见血）；选项C“工作非常慢”与词义无关；选项D“与某人争论”与词义无关。正确答案为B，该习语强调精准。9.Theword"ambivalent"describesafeelingof______.A.strongenthusiasmB.completeindifferenceC.mixedoruncertainemotionsD.suddenanger解析：本题考查形容词辨析。选项A“强烈热情”与词义相反；选项B“完全冷漠”与词义相反；选项C“混合或不确定的情绪”准确对应ambivalent，如“hefeltambivalentaboutthejoboffer”（他对这份工作机会感到矛盾）；选项D“突然愤怒”与词义无关。正确答案为C，该词常用于描述心理状态。10.Theprefix"trans-"means______.A.acrossB.beforeC.insideD.without解析：本题考查词根词缀。选项A“横跨”准确对应trans-，如“transatlantic”（跨大西洋的）；选项B“之前”对应pre-；选项C“内部”对应inter-；选项D“没有”对应im-/in-。正确答案为A，该前缀常见于“transportation”（运输）、“transformation”（转变）等词。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thescientist's______(innovate)ledtoabreakthroughinrenewableenergyresearch.2.Despitethe______(disappoint)results,theteamremainedoptimisticaboutfutureimprovements.3.The______(auth)ofthebookwasquestionedbycriticsduetoitscontroversialclaims.4.Shehasa______(ambit)personality,oftentornbetweenhercareerandfamilylife.5.The______(premature)babyrequiredspecialcareinthehospital.6.The______(bicameral)systemoftheBritishParliamentconsistsoftheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.7.His______(transmit)skillsasamusicianallowedhimtocaptivatetheaudience.8.Theidiom"tokilltwobirdswithonestone"impliesachievingtwogoalsina______(effic)manner.9.Theprefix"auto-"isevidentinwordslike______(automate)and______(autobiography).10.Thecommittee's______(exonerate)ofthememberwasbasedoninsufficientevidence.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theword"ubiquitous"ismostcommonlyassociatedwithtechnologyanditswidespreadpresenceinmodernsociety.2.Theidiom"tohitthenailonthehead"suggeststhatoneismakingavagueorimprecisestatement.3.Theprefix"trans-"isalwaysusedtoindicatemovementfromoneplacetoanother.4.Theterm"bicameral"istypicallyusedtodescribeasinglelegislativebodywithnodivisions.5.Thesuffix"-logy"iscommonlyaddedtowordstoindicateafieldofstudy.6.Theword"ambivalent"describesafeelingofstrongenthusiasmorcompleteindifference.7.Theprefix"auto-"means"self,"asseeninwordslike"autobiography"and"automation."8.Theidiom"tokilltwobirdswithonestone"impliesinefficiencyorunnecessarycomplexity.9.Theword"premature"ismostoftenusedtodescribeeventsthathappentooearly.10.Thesuffix"-ate"iscommonlyaddedtoverbstoformadjectives,suchas"activate"becoming"activative."四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthemeaningoftheidiom"tokilltwobirdswithonestone"andprovideanexampleofhowitcanbeappliedindailylife.2.Describethedifferencebetweenthewords"premature"and"early."Aretheyinterchangeable?Whyorwhynot?3.Howdoestheprefix"trans-"contributetothemeaningofwordslike"transformation"and"transatlantic"?4.Whyisthesuffix"-logy"commonlyusedinacademicandscientificterms?Givetwoexamples.5.Whatdoestheword"ambivalent"implyaboutaperson'sfeelingsordecisions?Provideareal-lifescenario.6.Explainthesignificanceoftheprefix"auto-"inwordslike"automobile"and"autonomy."7.Howdoestheidiom"tohitthenailonthehead"conveytheideaofaccuracy?Giveanexample.8.Describeasituationwheretheterm"bicameral"wouldbeappropriatelyused,andexplainitsmeaninginthatcontext.五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Readthefollowingsentence:"Thecommittee'sbicameralstructureallowedforthoroughdebateonthebill."Explainthemeaningof"bicameral"inthiscontextandwhyitissignificanttothesentence'smeaning.2.Theword"ubiquitous"isusedtodescribesmartphonesinmodernsociety.Howdoesthiswordcontributetotheunderstandingofthesentence:"Smartphonesareubiquitousintoday'sworld"?3.Inthesentence"Sheexoneratedhimofthecharges,"whatdoes"exonerated"implyaboutthelegalsituation?Provideasimilarexample.4.Theidiom"tohitthenailonthehead"isusedtodescribeaprecisediagnosis.Explainhowtheidiomconveystheideaofaccuracyinthisscenario.5.Theprefix"trans-"isusedintheword"transformation."Howdoesthisprefixcontributetothemeaningoftheword,andwhatotherwordswiththisprefixhaveasimilareffect?6.Theword"ambivalent"isusedtodescribeaperson'sfeelingsaboutajoboffer.Explainhowthiswordconveysmixedemotionsandprovideareal-lifeexample.7.Thesuffix"-logy"isusedintheword"biology."Explainhowthissuffixcontributestothemeaningofthewordandprovideanotherexampleofawordwiththissuffix.8.Theprefix"auto-"isusedintheword"automation."Howdoesthisprefixcontributetothemeaningoftheword,andwhatotherwordswiththisprefixhaveasimilareffect?【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.B3.B4.B5.C6.B7.C8.B9.C10.A解析：2."Ubiquitous"meanspresenteverywhere,asin"smartphonesareubiquitous."3."Exonerated"meanstofreefromblame,asin"thecourtexoneratedhimforlackofevidence."4."Tokilltwobirdswithonestone"meanstoachievetwogoalsatonce.5."Auto-"meansself,asin"automobile"(self-moving)and"autonomy"(self-governance).6."Premature"meanshappeningtooearly,asin"aprematurebirth."7."Bicameral"meanshavingtwoparts,asin"theU.S.Congressisbicameral."8."-logy"indicatesafieldofstudy,asin"biology"(studyoflife)and"geology"(studyoftheearth).9."Tohitthenailonthehead"meanstobeaccurate,asin"youranalysishitthenailonthehead."10."Ambivalent"meansmixedemotions,asin"hefeltambivalentaboutthejoboffer."11."Trans-"meansacross,asin"transatlantic"(crossingtheAtlantic)and"transportation"(across).二、填空题1.innovation2.disappointing3.authorship4.ambitious5.premature6.bicameral7.transmitting8.efficient9.automate,autobiography10.exonerated解析：2."Innovation"isthenounformof"innovate,"meaningtheintroductionofnewideas.3."Disappointing"istheadjectiveformof"disappoint,"meaningcausingdisappointment.4."Authorship"isthenounformof"auth,"meaningthequalityofbeinganauthor.5."Ambitious"istheadjectiveformof"ambit,"meaninghavinghighaspirations.6."Premature"istheadjectiveformof"premature,"meaninghappeningtooearly.7."Bicameral"istheadjectiveformof"bicameral,"meaninghavingtwoparts.8."Transmitting"isthepresentparticipleformof"transmit,"meaningtosendacross.9."Efficient"istheadjectiveformof"effic,"meaningachievingmuchwithlittleeffort.10."Automate"and"autobiography"bothcontaintheprefix"auto-"(self).11."Exonerated"isthepastparticipleformof"exonerate,"meaningtofreefromblame.三、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.×5.√6.×7.√8.×9.√10.×解析：2."Ubiquitous"isoftenusedtodescribetechnology'swidespreadpresence.3."Tohitthenailonthehead"meanstobeaccurate,notvague.4."Trans-"canalsomeanchange,asin"transformation."5."Bicameral"referstotwolegislativebodies,notone.6."-logy"isusedinacademicterms,asin"biology."7."Ambivalent"meansmixedfeelings,notstrongenthusiasmorindifference.8."Auto-"meansself,asin"autobiography"and"automation."9."Tokilltwobirdswithonestone"meansefficiency,notinefficiency.10."Premature"isusedtodescribeeventshappeningtooearly.11."-ate"isoftenaddedtoverbstoformadjectives,butnotallcases,e.g.,"activate"→"activating."四、简答题1.Theidiom"tokilltwobirdswithonestone"meanstoachievetwogoalsatonce.Example:"Bystudyingduringmycommute,Ikilledtwobirdswithonestone—Isavedtimeandimprovedmyknowledge."2."Premature"meanshappeningtooearly,while"early"meanshappeningbeforetheexpectedtimebutnotnecessarilytooearly.Theyarenotinterchangeablebecause"premature"impliesimproprietyorunintendedearliness.3."Trans-"meansacrossorchange,contributingto"transformation"(change)and"transatlantic"(crossingtheAtlantic).4."-logy"indicatesafieldofstudy,asin"biology"(studyoflife)and"astronomy"(studyofstars).5."Ambivalent"impliesmixedfeelings,asin"shewasambivalentaboutmovingtoanewcity—shelovedthejobbutmissedherfriends."6."Auto-"meansself,asin"automobile"(self-moving)and"autonomy"(self-governance).7."Tohitthenailonthehead"conveysaccuracybycomparingaprecisestatementtodrivinganailperfectlyintoanailhead.Example:"Yourguessaboutthewinnerwasrightonthemark—youhitthenailonthehead."8."Bicameral"wouldbeusedtodescribetheBritishParliament,whichhastheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLord