八年级下册英语人教第14讲：unit 7语法篇（学生版）

Unit7语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。形容词、副词用法1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。(a)直接加er,est：(b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：(c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more/most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)(一)原级的用法1、只能修饰原级的词very,quite,pretty,really,too,so,enough 如：=1\*GB3①Iampretty____________(healthy).=2\*GB3②Englishisso_______________(difficult).2、感叹句中用原级。如Whatan_______________(interesting)book!3、as+形容词/副词原级+as（与…一样）4、notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as（A不如B…） 如：=1\*GB3①Heisastallasme.=Heisthesame_________asme.他与我一样高。=2\*GB3②Heisasoldasme.=Heisthesame___________asme.他与我一样大。=3\*GB3③Heisn'tas/sooldasme.他没我大。5、less+形容词/副词的原级+than(A不如B…)可以与notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as互换。=1\*GB3①Heisn'tasoldasI.=Heis______________________thanme. =Heis__________thanme.=I'm____________thanhe/him. =2\*GB3②Hedoesn'trunasfastasI.=Heruns______________________thanme. =Heruns____________thanme.=Irun_________thanhim.他跑得没我快。 =3\*GB3③Chineseisn'tasdifficultasEnglish.=Englishis______________thanChinese.语文没有英语难。（二）比较级的用法1、than两者（人/物）进行比较时用比较级，表示“一个比另一个更…”或“较…”。句式为：A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B。如果上下文明确，比较级也可单独使用。=1\*GB3①Heis____________(tall)thanhisfather.他比他父亲高。=2\*GB3②Thisshirtistoosmall.Doyouhavea___(big)one?这件衬衣太小了。你有大一些的吗？2、or句式：特殊疑问句，AorB？如：Whois___________(young),LucyorLily?露西和莉莉，谁更小一些？3、修饰比较级的词：alot,much,far…得多alittle,abit…一点儿even甚至still仍然如：=1\*GB3①I'malittle____________(tall)thanhim.我比他高一点。=2\*GB3②Thatmustbealot_________________(interesting)thantakingabus.4、ofthetwo比较级前要加the 用the+比较级+ofthetwo(thetwins/parents)特指两者中较（高/矮……）的一个。 =1\*GB3①Tinais____________(tall)ofthetwins. =2\*GB3②Mikeis____________(smart)ofthetwoboys.5、比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越…”单音节词：betterandbetter越来越好多音节词：moreandmorebeautiful =1\*GB3①Heisgetting___________and___________(tall).他变得越来越高了。 =2\*GB3②Thefilmis___________and_____________(interesting).这部电影越来越有趣了。6、the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越…，越…”如Themore,thebetter.越多越好。The______________(careful)youare,the_______________(few)mistakesyoumake.7、any(范围外)/anyother(范围内)=1\*GB3①Shanghaiisbiggerthan________cityinChina.上海比中国的任何一个城市都要大。=2\*GB3②Shanghaiisbiggerthan______cityinJapanese.上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大。8、两者相比比较的对象要一致。HehaslongerhairthanI(do).=Hishairislongerthanmine.Therearemorestudentsinourclassthanintheirclass. =1\*GB3①Mywatchis_____________(expensive)than___________(you).我的手表比你的贵。 =2\*GB3②Ihave__________(few)storybooksthan____________(you).我的故事书比你的少。9、not…anymore=nomore不再(次数的不再重复)not…anylonger=nolonger不再（时间的不再延长）（三）最高级的用法1.of/in三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级，形容词的最高级前面要加the，后面用of/in.of+同类人/物in+表地点的范围，副词的最高级前面可用the，也可省略。Tomisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.汤姆是他班上最高的男生。Tomisthetallest(boy)ofalltheboys(inhisclass).2.orwhich/who引导的选择疑问句有三者相比，也可用最高级。=1\*GB3①Whichis________(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?太阳、地球、月亮，哪个最大？=2\*GB3②Whois_________________(tall),Tom,MikeorJohn?3.oneofthelongestrivers最长的河流之一句式：oneof+the+形容词的最高级+名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”如：Xi'anisoneoftheoldestcitiesinChina.西安是中国最古老的城市之一。4.thesecondlongestriver第二长的河句式：the+序数词+形容词的最高级+名词，表示“第几……的”如：TheYellowRiveristhesecond______________(long)riverinChina.5.当形容词的最高级前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词时，不用定冠词the.如：Thisismybestbookofall.这是我所有书中最好的一本。（四）级别的转换1.原级与比较级的转换=1\*GB3①Thisroomisfivetimesasbigasthatone.=Thisroomisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.=2\*GB3②Englishisn'tsoeasyasmath.=Englishis____________________thanmath.=Englishis___________thanmath.=Englishis____________________thanmath.=Mathis___________thanEnglish.2.比较级与最高级的转换句式：=1\*GB3①比较级+than+anyother+单数名词比较级+than+theother+复数名词比较级+than+theothers=2\*GB3②Nobodyelse+比较级+thanPeteristhetalleststudentinourclass. =Peteristallerthan_________________________inourclass. =Peteristallerthan_________________________inourclass. =Peteristallerthan________________inourclass. =________________________istallerthanPeterinourclass.一、下列哪些形容词和副词的最高级需要在前面加most,请圈出。long wide fat heavy slowly beautifulbrightly useful quickly happy 二、用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级填空。1.Whichis__________(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?2.Whichis___________(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?3.Thiscakeis____________(cheap)ofall.4.Hedoeshishomework___________(carefully)thanhissister.5.Tomruns______________(quickly)inhisclass6.Nowhislifeisbecoming_____________and____________(difficult).7.Thingsaregetting__________and____________(bad).基础演练一、单项选择1.Chinahasamuch

populationthan

.A.larger;RussiaB.more;RussiaC.larger;thatofRussiaD.more;thatofRussia2.---IsEnglishmoreimportantthanMaths?---No,Idon'tthinkso.Englishis

Maths.A.muchimportantthanB.moreimportantasC.asimportantasD.asmoreimportantas3.---Ieat

vegetablesand

meatthanIdidlastyear.---That'swhyyou'regettingfatter.A.fewer;moreB.more;lessC.least;moreD.many;much4.Whenautumncomes,thedaysget

.A.longandlongB.longerandlongerC.shortandshortD.shorterandshorter5.Mr.Liasksustorememberthat

carefulweare,

mistakeswewillmake.A.themore;thefewerB.thefewer;themoreC.themore;themoreD.theless;thefewer6.Ofalltheanimals,Ithinkdogsare

.A.themostfriendlyB.mostfriendlyC.morefriendlyD.friendly7.Mysisteris

thanI.A.threekilosheavierB.threekilosheavyC.heavierthreekilosD.heavythreekilos8.Thebridgeis

.Itwilltaketenminutesto

it.A.118metres'long;gopastB.118metreslong;goacrossC.118-metre-long;acrossD.118metres'long;gothrough9.Ourschoolis

thantheirsbuttheirsismuchmorebeautifulthanours.A.threetimesbigB.thethirdtimesbiggerC.thethirdtimesbigD.threetimesbigger10.---Allofusareproudoftheprogresshe'smadeduringthepastfewyears.---Yes,we'resurehewillbeeven

.A.successfulB.moresuccessfulC.mostsuccessfulD.successfully巩固提高二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)11.这只大象比这只熊猫重很多倍。Thiselephantweighs

thanthispanda.12.足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。Footballis

gamesinourschool.13.我的房子是他的房子的三倍大。Myhouseis

big

his.14.但是谁能弹钢琴弹得最好或唱歌唱得最美呢？Butwhocanplaythepiano

orsing

beautifully?15.我认为数学比英语难得多。Ithinkmathis

thanEnglish.16.TomistallerthanJim.(改为同义句)Jimis

thanTom.17.SusanisfiveyearsoldandLindaisfiveyearsold,too.(改为同义句)Susanis

Linda.18.Mikeisthetallestboyintheclass.(改为同义句)Noboyis

Mikeintheclass.19.ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.(改为同义句)Shanghaiisbiggerthan

cityinChina.20.Janeistheyoungestinherclass.(改为同义句)Janeisyoungerthan

inherclass.一、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)1.Mybrotheristwoyears

(old)thanme.2.Isyoursister

(young)thanyou?3.Whosepencilboxis

(big),yoursorhers?4.Benjumps

(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.5.DoesNancysing

(well)thanHelen?二、单项选择6.Todayheis

thanyesterday.A.verybetterB.alittlebetterC.wellD.best7.Thewhitehorseisso

.A.strongB.strongerC.alittlestrongerD.strongest8.Cathydidquite

intheEnglishtest.Idideven

.A.better;wellB.well;wellC.well;betterD.better;better9.OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Maryis

one.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallestB.thetallerC.tallerD.thetallest10.The

thebetter.I'mshortofmoney.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensive11.Hefeels

todaythanyesterday.A.moretiredB.tiredC.moretirederD.muchtired12.Ofthetwotoys,thechildchose

.A.themoreexpensiveoneB.onemostexpensiveC.aleastexpensiveD.themostexpensiveofthem13.Thelineis

thanthatone.A.morelongerB.notlongC.muchlongerD.manymorelonger14.Shanghaiisbiggerthan

cityinJapan.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.theother15.—Whodiditbetter,BillorHenry?—IthinkBilldidjust

Henry.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.asbetterasD.morebadlythan三、完形填空Theelephantsarethelargestanimalsontheland.Theyarein16

now.Lotsofpeoplearedestroying(破坏)theplacewherethey17

.Mostoftheplaceswheretheylivehavebecomefarmsandhouses,theycan'tgetenoughplacestolivein18

enoughfoodtoeat.Sometimesthereare19

elephantsinanareaandthegovernmentkillsthem.Theelephantshavelongtusks(长牙).Theirtusksareworth(值)alotofmoney.Peoplearekillingthem20

tusks.Peoplecanusethetusksforpianokeysand21

beautifulthings.Sothereare22

elephantsintheworld.PeopleinCanadacanmakeadifference.Theycangototheplacewhereelephantsliveandstoppeoplefromkillingtheelephants.Whenpeoplefindouttheproducts(产品)madefromelephant'stuskstheymightstop23

theproducts.Thenpeoplemightstopkillingelephants.It'sourduty24

theelephants.Wehavetoreallystopkillingelephants,too.Thereare25

than3,000Africanelephantsand2,000Asianelephantsintheworld.16.A.dangerB.excitementC.safeD.interest17.A.eatB.liveC.restD.birth18.A.butB.soC.inD.and19.A.toomuchB.alittleC.toomanyD.muchmore20.A.withB.forC.toD.at21.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.another22.A.lessandlessB.moreandmoreC.fewerandfewerD.littleandlittle23.A.makingB.takingC.givingD.buying24.A.tokeepB.toteachC.touseD.toprotect25.A.moreB.lessC.fewerD.much__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________阅读理解(东城区南片初二下期末考试题)ATomhasreceivedfourmessagestoday.Readandfindwhattheyare.HiTom,I'vejustfinishedareallyfantasticbookbyBritishwritercalledPhillipPuliman.Ithinkyouwouldlikethebook.Doyouwanttoborrowit?I'llbeatRoom314tomorrowafternoon.MarcosTom,Canyouphoneyourmum?Shephonedat7:30p.m.Shesaysyouneedn'tcallbackatonce,butshe'dliketohearfromyou.Don'tphoneafter10p.m.She'sgotheadache,soshe'sgoingtobedearly.HansHelloTom,Iamhomeagainaftermyholiday.Theweatherwasn'tgreatinFrance,butthatwasn'ttheproblem.Ibrokemylegontheseconddayoftheholiday.Ihadtostayatthehotelwhileotherswereoutallday.Iwasreallybored.Whencanyoucomeroundandseeme?DavidTom,I'mgoingtobelate.Don'twaitformeatthebar.I'llgostraighttotherestaurantandseeyouthere.Jess1.Marcosleavesthemessageto

.A.shareabookwithTomB.getTom'sphonecallsoonC.tellTomhisstoryinFranceD.askTomtolookafterhismum2.WhereisJessgoingtomeetTom?A.Atthebar.B.Attherestaurant.C.Athishome.D.AtRoom314.3.WhowantstoseeTomsoon?A.Marcos.B.Hismother.C.David.D.Hans.BMichael'sbirthdaywascomingsoon,soheaskedhisdadforabicyclesothathewouldnotneedtowalktoschoolanymore.However,Michael'sdadhadlosthisjobanddidnothavemuchmoney.Michaelgotabookinstead.OnebrightandsunnydaywhileMichaelwaswalkingpastastoreonhiswaytoschool,hesawabigboyonabike.Thebikewastoosmallfortheboy.Astheboywasturningaroundacorner,thebikeskidded(侧滑)onasmallpoolofwaterandhefelloffthebike.TheboywasalsoinMichael'sschool.Theboy'snamewasWilliam.Williamseemedtohavebrokenhisleg.MichaelpickedupWilliam'sbikeandrodetothenearbyhospitaltogethelp.Afewminuteslater,anambulancecameandbroughtWilliamtothehospital.MichaelrodeWilliam'sbiketoschoolsohewouldnotbelateforclass.Afterschool,MichaelquicklyrodethebicycletoWilliam'shousewithabookandamagazine.Williamwasnottooseriouslyhurt.Hewenthomeafterhislegwasputinacast(石膏).ToMichael'ssurprise,Williamwasgettinganewbikeonhisbirthdayintwomonths'timeandMichaelcouldhaveWilliam'soldbike.Michaelwasveryhappy.Fromthenon,MichaelandWilliambecamegoodfriends.MichaelvisitedWilliameverydaytillWilliam'sleggotwellagain.4.WhatdidMichaelgetonhisbirthday?A.Abike.B.Amagazine.C.Abook.D.Afriend.5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.WilliamhitMichaelonhiswaytoschool.B.WilliamgavehisoldbicycletoMichael.C.Michaelbrokehislegintheaccident.D.Michaelwaslateforschool.6.Fromthestory,weknowthatMichaelis

.A.braveB.activeC.hard-workingD.warm-heartedCMonkeysThatLendaHandHaveyoueverdroppedsomethingwhilebothyourhandswerefullandwishedyouhadanotherhandtopickitup?Somepeoplecannotusetheirarmsorhandstodosimplejobsbecausetheyhavebeenhurtoraresick.Usuallytheydependonotherpeopletohelpthem.Thisproblemmadetwowomenthinkabouthowtheycouldhelppeoplewhocannotdoeverydaythingsforthemselves.In1979Dr.M.J.WillardandJudiZazulabeganlookingatsomesmall,friendlymonkeyscalledcapuchinmonkeys.Thesemonkeyshavehandslikepeople'shands,andtheyliketobearoundpeople.Couldthemonkeysbetrainedtodothingsthatpeoplecouldnotdoforthemselves?Thewomenwantedtofindoutiftheirideawouldwork.Sotheyspentalongtimetrainingsomecapuchinmonkeys,andtheyfoundthattheseanimalsmadegreathelpers.Todaythefirststepintrainingayoungcapuchinmonkeyistohaveitstayhomewithpeopleandwatchhowtheylive.Themonkeyslearnhowtobehavearoundpeople.ThenthemonkeysgotoaspecialschoolinBoston.Theretheylearnhowtodomanyeasychores.Theyaretaughthowtocarryfoodandpickupdroppedobjects.Theylearnhowtoopendoorsandturnlightswitchesonandoff.TheyevenlearnhowtouseCDplayersandVCRs.Afteramonkeyfinishesitstraining,itgoestolivewithapersonwhoneedshelp.Ifthepersonwantsalightturnedon,themonkeydoesit.Ifthepersonneedsaglassofwater,themonkeybringsit.IfthepersonwantstowatchTV,themonkeyturnsiton.Themonkeybecomesaveryimportantpartofthatperson'slife.Infact,themonkeyoftenbecomestheperson'sgoodfriend.7.Capuchinmonkeysarepeople'sgreathelpersbecause

.A.theylearnmorequicklythanothermonkeysB.theyhavehandslikepeople'shandsC.theyliketowatchhowpeopleliveD.theyaresmall,cuteandnaughty8.Theunderlinedword"behave"meansto

.A.learnskillsB.actwellC.avoidhurtsD.providehelp9.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howcapuchinmonkeyscanhelppeopledothings.B.Whycapuchinmonkeys'handsarelikepeople'shands.C.Wherescientiststraincapuchinmonkeystohelppeople.D.Whenpeoplefoundcapuchinmonkeyswerehelpful.DHersheychocolatehasbecomefamousaroundtheworld.ButdidyouknowthattheHersheychocolatefactoryisonlyaboutonehundredyearsold?Anddidyouknowthatthefounder(创办人)ofHersheyChocolate,MiltonHershey,hadmanyfailures(失败)inbusinessbeforehestartedhisfamouscompany?MiltonHersheygrewupinafarmcountryofPennsylvania.Beforehestartedmakingchocolate,MiltonHersheywasaprinter.Heworkedforasmallnewspaperandthenhedecidedtochangeajob.Laterhegotajobatacandyfactory.Afterworkingafewyearsatthefactory,hedecidedtoopenhisownlittlecandybusiness.Hisfirstbusinesshadtoclosedownbecauseitwasnot