2025-2026学年北京市西城区高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2025-2026学年北京市西城区高一（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。A

Thereareplentyofwaysforstudentstoearnvolunteerhoursonlinewhilepursuingtheirinterests.Butwhatiftheirhobbiesdonotmatchthevolunteeropportunitiesofferedbytheirschool？Inthatcase，theycanexplorelocaloronlinevolunteeroptionsinstead.

Wehaveputtogetheralistofresourcestohelpyouandyourteenagechildrendiscoverbothin-personandvirtualcommunityserviceopportunities：

1.BeMyEyes

Idealfor：studentswholovehelpingothersandinteractingwithpeoplefromdiversecultures

Servicetype：Virtual

BeMyEyesisamobileappthatconnectsblinduserswithsightedvolunteersthroughlivevideocalls.Ithelpsthe285millionblindorvisuallyimpaired（受损的）peoplearoundtheworldtackledailychallenges.

Teenvolunteerscaninteractwithusersfromacrosstheglobeonthisplatform.Sincetheappservesusersinmanycountriesandlanguages，bilingualvolunteersarealwaysinhighdemand.Itisagreatopportunitytosocializeandpracticeforeignlanguageskills.

2.Zooniverse

Idealfor：studentsinterestedinspace，biology，nature，medicine，andsocialsciences

Servicetype：Virtual

Zooniverseisanengagingcitizen-scienceresearchplatformthatoffersvolunteeropportunitiesforhighschoolstudents.Participantscanhelpdiscoverdistantplanets，classifyanimals，andanalyzefossilteeth.

3.Catchafire

Idealfor：studentshopingtobuildprofessionalskillsinmarketing，IT，socialmedia，projectmanagement，websitedevelopment，andrelatedfields

Servicetype：Virtual

Highschoolstudentscanearnvolunteerhoursorparticipateinlong-termcommunityprojectshere.Theymayassistvariousorganizationswithmanagingsocialmediaaccounts，photoediting，writingthank-younotes，andothertasks.

VolunteeropportunitiesonCatchafireareespeciallybeneficialforseniorstudents，astheycangainpracticalworkexperiencewhilecontributingtomeaningfulcauses.

4.TeenLife

Idealfor：studentspassionateaboutanimalcare，supportingpeoplewithspecialneeds，helpingthehomeless，internationalaid，environmentalprotectionandliteracyeducation

Servicetype：Virtual&In-person

TeenLifeoffersaccesstomorethan10，000academicandpracticalvolunteeropportunitiesforteenagers.Thispowerfulsearchplatformconnectsparents，teens，andschoolcounselorsnationwide.DesignedforstudentsfromGrade7toGrade12，itprovidesbothofflineandonlinecommunityserviceprojects.1.Whichisbestforastudentwhowantstopracticeforeignlanguages？______A.Zooniverse. B.Catchafire. C.BeMyEyes. D.TeenLife.2.WhatcanstudentsdoonZooniverse？______A.Managesocialmediafororganizations.

B.Assisttheblindthroughlivevideos.

C.Engageinresearch-relatedactivities.

D.Supportpeoplewithspecialneeds.3.WhatmakesTeenLifedifferentfromtheotherthreeplatforms？______A.Itoffersbothvirtualandin-personservice.

B.Itisdesignedspecificallyforcollegestudents.

C.ItrequiresvolunteerstohaveprofessionalITskills.

D.Itprovidesopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopengineeringskills.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？______A.Tipsonimprovingacademicgrades.

B.Importanceofenvironmentalprotectionprojects.

C.Waysforteenagerstobuildinternationalfriendships.

D.Resourcesforstudentslookingforvolunteeropportunities.B

Ihavelongbeenskeptical（怀疑的）abouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.However，afewmonthsago，IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone，oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.

WhenIreadaboutchangingmyphonetoblack-and-whitemode，Idecidedtotryit.Theresultwassurprising.ThemomentIturnedoffthecolor，Inolongerfeltthesameurgentneedtocheckmyphone.Iexperiencedastrongsenseofrelief.Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut.

Afterthat，IbeganleavingmyphoneinanotherroomasImovedaroundthehouse.I'dgohourswithoutcheckingit，ratherthanjustminutes.TheamountoftimeIspentonmyphonedroppedbyabout40percent.

Scientistscallthiscondition"problematicsmartphoneuse，"whichreferstothedifficultycontrollingtheurgetouseaphone，oftentothepointthatitaffectsdailylife.Forme，checkingmyphonewasoftenawaytoreduceanxiety.

Lifeingrayscale（黑白模式）alsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.Forexample，Isometimeshungupcallsbymistakebecausebothbuttonsweregray.Photosalsolookedstrange，especiallythecolorfulimagessentbymyfamily.

However，Idiscoveredthatgameswerelessappealinginblackandwhite，andsocialmediaappsbecamelessinteresting.Gradually，Istartedusingmyphonelessandpayingmoreattentiontoreallife.

Afterafewweeks，Inoticedanotherchange.Ibeganreadingmorebooks，spendingmoretimewithmyfamily，andplanningsocialactivities.Ifoundmyselfenjoyingthesereal-worldexperiencesmorethanusingmyphone.

Now，Ifeelthatturningoffcoloronmyphonehasmadememoreawareofthebeautyofreallife.AlthoughIstillusemyphoneeveryday，Inolongerfeelcontrolledbyit.5.Whichsentenceinthepassageexplainswhytheauthorfelt"controlled"byhisphonebeforeusinggrayscale？______A.Afterafewweeks，Inoticedanotherchange.

B.Lifeingrayscalealsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.

C.Ihavelongbeenskepticalabouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.

D.IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone，oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut"inParagraph2mostlikelymean？______A.Theauthorfoundthephonelessusefulindailylife.

B.Theauthordecidedtostopusingthephonecompletely.

C.Theauthorbecamelessconnectedwithpeoplearoundhim.

D.Theauthornolongerreliedonthephoneasmuchasbefore.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sexperience？______A.Digitalbehaviorcanbeshapedbysmalladjustments.

B.Technologyshouldreplacereal-lifeinteraction.

C.Phonesarethemainsourceofmodernanxiety.

D.Personalhabitsaredifficulttochange.C

Expertbirdwatchershavechangesintheirbrainstructurecomparedwithbeginners，whichprobablyhelpthembetteridentifybirdsandmayevenprotectagainstage-relatedcognitive（认知的）decline.

Whenlearningorpractisingaskill，thebrainreorganisesitself，strengtheningandstreamliningrelevantpathways.Thisability，knownasneuroplasticity（神经可塑性），supportsthedevelopmentofexpertskills.Itiswhyprofessionalmusiciansshowstructuralchangesinbrainregionsinvolvedinhearing.

Tounderstandwhetherbirdingalsoshapesthebrain，ErikWingatYorkUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalysedbrainstructureandfunctionin48hobbyistbirders，halfexpertsandhalfbeginners，asjudgedbyascreeningtest.Participantswereaged22to79andbothgroupsweresimilarintermsofsex，age，andeducation.

Whileundergoingbrainscans，theparticipantswereshownanimageofabirdforlessthan4seconds.About10secondslater，theytriedidentifyingthesamebirdfromoneoffourimages，eachshowingadifferentspecies."Weintentionallypickedhighlyconfusablebirdspecies，"saysWing.

Thetaskwasrepeated72times.Intotal，theresearchersusedimagesof18birdspecies-sixofwhichwerelocaland12ofwhichweren't-astargets.

Asexpected，expertbirderscouldidentifybirdsbetterthanbeginners.Onaverage，theyaccuratelyidentified83percentoflocalbirdspeciesand61percentofthenon-localones.Incontrast，beginnerscorrectlyidentified44percentofbothgroupsofbirds.

Whileidentifyingnon-localbirds，activityinthreebrainareasincreasedinexpertbirders.Theseareasarethefrontpartofthebrain，aninnerregionrelatedtoattention，andabackpartofthebrainresponsibleforvisualprocessing.Theseareasalsoappearedmoreorganisedandstructurallycomplex."Itspeakstothewiderangeofcognitiveprocessesthatareinvolvedinbirding，"saysWing.

Asweage，structuralcomplexityandorganisationinthebraintendtodecrease.Butthisdeclinewaslesspronouncedinexpertbirders，suggestingbirdingmayhelpbuildcognitivereserve，thebrain'sabilitytodefenditselfagainstageingandadapttodamage.

"Itsuggeststhatmaintainingbrainactivitythroughspecialisedabilitiesisalsolinkedtoreducedeffectsofageing，"saysRobertZatorreatMcGillUniversity.However，todeterminewhetherthebrainchangesaretrulyduetobirding，researcherswouldneedtoscanthebrainmultipletimesovermonthsoryears，saysWing.8.Whydidresearcherschoose"highlyconfusablebirdspecies""？______A.Tokeepparticipants'attentiononbirds.

B.Tobettertestrealbird-identificationskills.

C.Toreducethetimeneededfortheexperiment.

D.Toconcentrateonrarebirdsfromothercountries.9.Whichfindingbestsupportstheideaof"cognitivereserve"？______A.Beginnersrelyonmemoryratherthanobservation.

B.Beginnershaveloweraccuracyinbirdidentification.

C.Expertsexperienceslowerage-relatedcognitivedecline.

D.Expertsshowincreasedactivityinthreedifferentbrainareas.10.Toimprovethestudy，researchersshould______.A.testonlylocalbirds

B.usefewerbirdspecies

C.involveonlyexpertbirders

D.followparticipantsoverseveralyears11.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？______A.WhyBirdsAreHardtoIdentify

B.HowNatureImprovesMentalHealth

C.BirdwatchingMayReshapetheBrain

D.TheAgeDifferenceBetweenExpertBirdersD

Pollutionismakingmanycitiesincreasinglyunlivableforpeople，butitisalsotearingantfamiliesandcommunitiesapart.Antsrecogniseoneanotherbydetectingathinlayerofhydrocarbonsontheirexoskeletons；eachcommunityhasitsowndistinctive"smell".However，anewstudyrevealsthatozoneemissions（臭氧排放）canchangethestructureofthesehydrocarbons.Afterantsareexposedtourbanaircontainingaround100partsperbillionofozone，theirnestmatesnolongerrecognisethem.Someareattackedbymembersoftheirowncommunity，whileothersneglectlarvae（幼虫）exposedtoozone，leavingthemtodie.

Thisstoryisacaseofanthropomorphism-projectinghumancharacteristicsontonon-humancreatures.Althoughmanyscientistscriticiseanthropomorphismasmisleading.othersdrawparallelsbetweenantsandhumanstoexplaintheevolution（进化）ofselflessnessandsocialnetworks.Famously，entomologistE.O.Wilsonusedantsasevidenceforhistheoryof"sociobiology，"whichsuggeststhatmanyanimalbehavioursresultfromevolutionarynecessity.EvolutionarybiologistStephenJayGould，however，criticisedthisideaas"biologicaldeterminism，"warningthatitcouldjustifyunfairgeneticpolicies.

Butsomethingfundamentalhaschanged.DeborahGordon，aStanfordbiologist，discoveredthatantbehaviourcanbeunderstoodalgorithmically（以算法的方式）.Workingwithcomputerscientists，sheshowedthatantsallocatetasksthroughdistributedsignallingnetworks.Ifaworkerantdiscoversalargefoodsource，sheleavesbehindachemicaltrailforotherstofollow.Otherantsdetectthesignalandrealisethatmorefood-searchingantsareneeded，droppingwhattheyaredoingtojointhetask.Thereisnoleader.Gordonnicknamedthisprocess"theanternet"becauseitworkslikethewaycomputernetworksmanagedataflow.

Algorithmicdeterminismhasreplacedbiologicaldeterminism，buttheresultforantsremainsthesame：humanscontinuetousethemasexamplesratherthanappreciatingthemascreatureswiththeirowndistinctformsofsociallife.Thisbringsusbacktopollution.Gordon'santernetdependsonantsfromthesamecommunitymeeting，exchanginginformation，anddeterminingwhethertoassisttheirsisters.Butwhenozonechangestheirhydrocarbons，theycannolongerrecogniseoneanotherandcooperateeffectively.Thecollapseofcommunicationcouldultimatelyleadtothedeathofthecommunity.

Tohumans，thismayseeminsignificant.Butwesharetheplanetwithothercreatures.Ifwefailtolimitozonepollution，wemaydestroyentiresocialsystemsbeyondourown.Perhapsitistimeweshouldstopusingantsasexamplesforourselvesandourmachines，andstartcaringaboutwhotheyreallyare.12.Whatabilityismostaffectedafterozoneexposureinants？______A.Theabilitytorecognizenestmates.

B.Theabilitytolocatefoodsources.

C.Theabilitytofindtheirnests.

D.Theabilitytocallforhelp.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"drawparallels"inParagraph2mostprobablymean？______A.Identifysimilarities. B.Createconflicts.

C.Conductexperiments. D.Developtheories.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe"anternet"describedinthepassage？______A.Itreducestheneedforantstodetectchemicals.

B.Itdependsheavilyonreliablecommunicationsignals.

C.Itrequiresaleadertoorganizefood-searchingbehaviour.

D.Itwasdevelopedbycomputerscientistsandlaterusedtostudyants.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardusingantsasexamplesforhumansormachines？______A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Positive. D.Indifferent.二、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共22.5分。

Whentheseaturtledidn'tdive，HerbandRhondaknewsomethingwaswrong.InAugust2022，thecouplewasoutontheirboatfishingintheChesapeakeBaynearthemouthoftheChoptankRiverwhenHerbbrieflysawaseaturtleatthe

(16)

ofthewater.RhondahadneverseenaseaturtleintheBaybeforeandwantedtogetacloserlook-maybeeventakea

(17)

—sotheyturnedback，hopingtheymightseeitagain.

(18)

，theturtlestayedinthesameplace，not

(19)

evenwhentheydrewnear.

(20)

，HerbandRhondacalledtheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources.TheDNRhelpedthem

(21)

theNationalAquariumAnimalRescue.Herbsentphotosandvideosoftheanimaltotheorganizationanditsmanager，KateShaffer，whoaskedhimtorecordhowoftentheturtlewasbreathing.Basedonthe

(22)

，Katerealizedtheturtlewasin

(23)

andneededimmediaterescue.Becausetheseaturtlewassolarge，theaquariumteam

(24)

helpfromtheMarylandNaturalResourcesPolicetobringitashore.

HerbandRhondastayedbesidetheturtlefortwohourswhilethepoliceteamrushedtothescene."Ourboathasanelectricmotor，sowecouldfloatbesideitwithoutdisturbingitandkeepaclose

(25)

，"Herbsaid.Rhondakeptspeaking

(26)

totheturtle.reassuringitthathelpwasontheway.ThepolicebroughttheturtletoshoreandmetKate.Sheconfirmedthatitsvitalsignswerenormal，soitcouldbetransportedtoBaltimore.

There，rescueandveterinarystaffcarriedoutacomprehensive

(27)

andbeganmedicaltreatment.Forawhile，theturtle'ssurvivalwasuncertain.Luckily，aftermonthsoftreatmentandcare，itsconditiongraduallyimproved.OnMay10，ninemonthsafterthediscovery，HerbandRhondajoinedtheaquariumrescueteamtosaygoodbyetotheturtle.

Theturtlecrawledontothesand，spunaroundasifshowing

(28)

toeveryone，andthenslippedbackintothesea.ToHerbandRhonda，thisturtleservesasa（n）

(29)

：whenweobserveandprotectthelivingcreaturesaroundus，wenotonlysavewildlifespeciesbutalsopreservethebeautyofnaturedeepinourhearts.Theexperienceleftadeepimpressiononthecouple.Theynowencourageotherstostay

(30)

andreportanyinjuredwildlifetheyencounter.Thiseventbecameanunforgettableexperienceforthem.16.A.surface B.bottom C.center D.edge17.A.break B.ride C.photo D.chance18.A.Obviously B.Unfortunately C.Hopefully D.Surprisingly19.A.moving B.breathing C.eating D.floating20.A.Excited B.Concerned C.Disappointed D.Relaxed21.A.join B.visit C.contact D.locate22.A.time B.plan C.environment D.information23.A.fear B.danger C.peace D.doubt24.A.refused B.avoided C.requested D.ignored25.A.watch B.touch C.track D.tie26.A.loudly B.softly C.nervously D.angrily27.A.survey B.review C.examination D.study28.A.courage B.interest C.worries D.thanks29.A.researcher B.observer C.volunteer D.reminder30.A.aware B.calm C.fresh D.friendly三、单句语法填空：本大题共3小题，共6分。31.

Beethoven

（compose）hisNinthSymphonybetween1822and1824.32.I

（start）makingmusicvideosthreeyearsagoandIamveryfondofit33.China

（make）greatprogressinAItechnologyoverthepastfewyears.四、单词拼写-单句：本大题共5小题，共10分。34.

Doyouknowthereason

wemustsavewater？35.Heasked

Icouldshowhimhowtooperatetheairconditioner.36.Theforest

manyrarebirdslivehasbeenbetterprotected.37.

allrolemodelspassdowntousisthenoblespiritofdevotionandresponsibility.38.

Themoment

therobotcompletedthetasksuccessfullyexcitedthewholeteam.五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共9分。39.

Iusedtohaveanextremelypoornaturalmemory.Iconstantlystruggledtoremembernames，dates，andvocabulary，andanynewknowledgeIlearnedwouldquicklyslipfrommymind.Discouragedbythisweakness，Idecidedtomasterprofessionalmemorytechniques.Asacompetitorinmysixties，IwontheAustralianMemoryChampionshipsinboth2017and2018.Overthepastdecade，Ihavebuiltkilometresofmemorypalacestostoreawiderangeofknowledge，includinggeography，foreignvocabulary，andmuchmore.

Thememorypalace，alsoknownasthemethodofloci，isanancienttechniqueoriginatinginAncientGreece.Simplyput，itisacustomizedmentalspacewherepeoplestoreandorganizeinformation.Unlikerotememorization，itrequiresdeepunderstandingratherthanblindrepetition.Ifollowseveralclearstepstobuildmyownmemorypalaces.First，Ichooseafamiliarlocation，suchasmyhouse，andarrangefixedspotsinaclearorder，suchasthefrontdoor，thebookcase，andthetable.Second，Iattachinformationtotheselocationsbycreatingvividandstrikingmentalassociations.Third，Irepeatedlytakeamentalwalkthroughthespaceinordertobecomefamiliarwiththesequence.Ialsofollowaruleofmarkingeveryfifthlocationforeasierrecall，whichhelpspreventmefrommissinganyinformation.

Ihavegainedmanybenefitsfromthispowerfultechnique.Itnotonlyhelpsmememorizeinformationefficientlybutalsoallowsmetokeepknowledgeforalongtime.Thisworksbecausethehippocampusinourbrainishighlysensitivetospatialinformation（空间信息）.Bylinkingknowledgetospecificlocations，Icantransfershort-termmemoriesintolong-termones，whilevividmentalassociationsfurtherstrengthenrecall.Inaddition，thismethodimprovescognitiveabilitiessuchasconcentrationandcuriosity.Withknowledgeclearlyorganizedinmymind，Iamabletoconnectunrelatedideasandstimulatecreativity.

Thistechniqueissuitableforeverylearner.EventhoughIamnotnaturallygoodatvisualizingimages，Icanstillmemorizeeffectivelythroughlogicalstoriesandassociations.Ihavebuiltvariousmemorypalacesforgeography，history，andforeignlanguageswithoutbeinglimitedbyphysicalspace.InsteadofdependingentirelyontheInternettosearchforinformation，Ifirmlyinternalizeknowledge.Withregularscientificreview，theinformationcanremaininmymemoryforyears.Inconclusion，thememorypalaceisaneasy-to-learnskillthatcangreatlyimprovebothlearningefficiencyandmemorycapacity.

（1）Whydidthewriterstartlearningprofessionalmemorytechniques？（不多于9个单词）

（2）Whatisamemorypalace？（不多于12个单词）

（3）Howdoesthewritersupporttheideathatmemorycanbeimproved？（不多于8个单词）

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthewriter'sexperience？（单词数不限）

六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。40.

假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校下周六将举行学生京剧演出，请给国际交换生Jim写一封邮件。内容包括：

（1）简要介绍京剧；

（2）发出观演邀请。

注意：

（1）词数不少于100；

（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim，

______

Yours，LiHua

答案和解析1~4.【答案】C、C、A、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据1.BeMyEyes部分Teenvolunteerscaninteractwithusersfromacrosstheglobeonthisplatform.Sincetheappservesusersinmanycountriesandlanguages，bilingualvolunteersarealwaysinhighdemand.Itisagreatopportunitytosocializeandpracticeforeignlanguageskills.（青少年志愿者可以在平台和世界各地用户交流。这款应用面向多国使用者，双语志愿者需求一直很大。这是社交、练习外语的绝佳机会。）可知BeMyEyes这款应用是社交、练习外语的绝佳机会，最适合想要练习外语的学生。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据2.Zooniverse部分Zooniverseisanengagingcitizen-scienceresearchplatformthatoffersvolunteeropportunitiesforhighschoolstudents.Participantscanhelpdiscoverdistantplanets，classifyanimals，andanalyzefossilteeth.（Zooniverse是有趣的公民科研平台，为高中生提供志愿岗位。参与者可以协助探索遥远行星、动物分类、分析化石牙齿。）可知学生可以参与科研相关活动，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据4.TeenLife部分Servicetype：Virtual&In-person（服务形式：线上+线下）可知TeenLife标注Virtual&In-person，线上线下两种形式，其余三个平台均只提供线上（Virtual）志愿。故选A。

（4）文章主旨题。根据第一段Thereareplentyofwaysforstudentstoearnvolunteerhoursonlinewhilepursuingtheirinterests.Butwhatiftheirhobbiesdonotmatchthevolunteeropportunitiesofferedbytheirschool？Inthatcase，theycanexplorelocaloronlinevolunteeroptionsinstead.（学生有很多途径在线积攒志愿时长。但如果学校提供的志愿项目和自身兴趣不匹配该怎么办？这种情况下，他们可以寻找本地或线上志愿机会。）以及全文可知，文章介绍为学生整理各类志愿渠道资源，之后介绍4个志愿平台。核心主题：给寻找志愿机会的学生提供资源。故选D。

这是一篇应用文，本文介绍四个面向青少年的线上/线下志愿平台。不同平台适合兴趣各异的学生，涵盖外语交流、公民科研、职场技能实践、公益帮扶等方向，帮助学生寻找契合自身的志愿活动。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。5~7.【答案】D、D、A【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的However，afewmonthsago，IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone，oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.（然而，几个月前，我开始担心自己在手机上花费了太多时间，频繁在网络新闻和短视频应用之间来回切换。）可知，这句话解释了作者在使用黑白模式前感觉被手机支配的原因。故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段的ThemomentIturnedoffthecolor，Inolongerfeltthesameurgentneedtocheckmyphone.Iexperiencedastrongsenseofrelief.（我一把手机调成黑白模式，就不再迫切地想要查看手机，内心感到十分放松。）可知划线句子"Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut"指作者不再像从前那样依赖手机。A.Theauthorfoundthephonelessusefulindailylife.作者发现手机在日常生活中用处不大；B.Theauthordecidedtostopusingthephonecompletely.作者决定完全停止使用电话；C.Theauthorbecamelessconnectedwithpeoplearoundhim.作者变得与周围的人不那么联系了；D.Theauthornolongerreliedonthephoneasmuchasbefore.作者不再像从前那样依赖手机。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者仅通过将手机调成黑白模式这一小小的改动，就减少了手机使用时长，更多关注现实生活，由此能推出细微调整可以改变电子使用习惯。故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者起初对手机成瘾持怀疑态度，后因过度使用手机而担忧。他尝试将手机调至黑白模式，大幅减少了使用时间，摆脱了被手机控制的状态。尽管黑白模式带来些许不便，但让他更专注于现实生活，重新感受到真实生活的美好。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。8~11.【答案】B、C、D、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第四段Weintentionallypickedhighlyconfusablebirdspecies（我们故意挑选了高度容易混淆的鸟类物种），并结合实验核心目的是对比不同水平观鸟者的识别能力可推知，选择易混淆物种是为了更好地测试参与者真实的鸟类识别能力。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第八段Butthisdeclinewaslesspronouncedinexpertbirders，suggestingbirdingmayhelpbuildcognitivereserve，thebrain'sabilitytodefenditselfagainstageingandadapttodamage.（但这种认知衰退在专家观鸟者身上表现得更不明显，这表明观鸟或帮助构建认知储备，即大脑抵御衰老、适应损伤的能力。）可知，专家经历的年龄相关认知衰退更慢这一发现，最能支撑认知储备的观点。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段However，todeterminewhetherthebrainchangesaretrulyduetobirding，researcherswouldneedtoscanthebrainmultipletimesovermonthsoryears（然而，要确定大脑变化是否真的由观鸟导致，研究者需要在数月甚至数年中多次扫描大脑），可知，想要完善研究，研究者需要在数年内跟踪研究参与者。故选D。

（4）标题判断题。根据文章首段Expertbirdwatchershavechangesintheirbrainstructurecomparedwithbeginners，whichprobablyhelpthembetteridentifybirdsandmayevenprotectagainstage-relatedcognitive（认知的）decline.（和新手相比，专家观鸟者的大脑结构存在变化，这很可能帮助他们更好识别鸟类，甚至可以抵御与年龄相关的认知下降。）全文围绕观鸟对大脑的改变这一研究展开可推知，最合适的标题为C选项"观鸟可能重塑大脑"。故选C。

这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项科学研究，发现观鸟爱好者的大脑结构与普通人存在差异，长期观鸟可以重塑大脑、提升认知能力、减缓大脑衰老。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。12~15.【答案】A、A、B、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Pollutionismakingmanycitiesincreasinglyunlivableforpeople，butitisalsotearingantfamiliesandcommunitiesapart.Antsrecogniseoneanotherbydetectingathinlayerofhydrocarbonsontheirexoskeletons；eachcommunityhasitsowndistinctive"smell".However，anewstudyrevealsthatozoneemissions（臭氧排放）canchangethestructureofthesehydrocarbons.Afterantsareexposedtourbanaircontainingaround100partsperbillionofozone，theirnestmatesnolongerrecognisethem.Someareattackedbymembersoftheirowncommunity，whileothersneglectlarvae（幼虫）exposedtoozone，leavingthemtodie.（污染让许多城市越来越不适合人类居住，同时也在瓦解蚁群家庭与社群。蚂蚁依靠感知外骨骼表层薄薄一层碳氢化合物来识别同伴，每个蚁群都有独特的"气味"。然而一项新研究表明，臭氧排放会改变这类碳氢化合物的结构。当蚂蚁暴露在臭氧浓度约十亿分之一百的城市空气中后，同巢蚂蚁无法再认出彼此。部分蚂蚁会遭到同族攻击，还有蚂蚁会忽视接触过臭氧的幼虫，任由幼虫死去。）可知，暴露在臭氧中后，蚂蚁受影响最大的能力是识别同巢同伴，故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段Thisstoryisacaseofanthropomorphism-projectinghumancharacteristicsontonon-humancreatures.Althoughmanyscientistscriticiseanthropomorphismasmisleading，othersdrawparallelsbetweenantsandhumanstoexplaintheevolution（进化）ofselflessnessandsocialnetworks.（这个现象是典型的拟人论——将人类特征投射到非人类生物身上。尽管许多科学家批评拟人论具有误导性，但另一些科学家会在蚂蚁和人类之间寻找相似之处，以此解释无私行为与社交网络的进化。）可知，drawparallels意为找出两者间的相似点，A.Identifysimilarities找出相似之处；B.Createconflicts制造冲突；C.Conductexperiments进行实验；D.Developtheories发展理论。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Workingwithcomputerscientists，sheshowedthatantsallocatetasksthroughdistributedsignallingnetworks.Ifaworkerantdiscoversalargefoodsource，sheleavesbehindachemicaltrailforotherstofollow.Otherantsdetectthesignalandrealisethatmorefood-searchingantsareneeded，droppingwhattheyaredoingtojointhetask.Thereisnoleader.Gordonnicknamedthisprocess"theanternet"becauseitworkslikethewaycomputernetworksmanagedataflow.（她与计算机科学家合作研究发现，蚂蚁依靠分布式信号网络分配任务。工蚁发现大量食物后会留下化学痕迹供其他蚂蚁追踪，其余蚂蚁感知到信号后，就知道需要更多觅食蚂蚁，于是放下手头工作前去协作。这套体系没有领导者。戈登将该运作过程命名为"蚁网"，因为它的运行模式和计算机网络管理数据流的方式相似。）以及第四段Gordon'santernetdependsonantsfromthesamecommunitymeeting，exchanginginformation，anddeterminingwhethertoassisttheirsisters.Butwhenozonechangestheirhydrocarbons，theycannolongerrecogniseoneanotherandcooperateeffectively.Thecollapseofcommunicationcouldultimatelyleadtothedeathofthecommunity.（戈登的蚂蚁网络依赖于同一群落中的蚂蚁相遇、交换信息，并决定是否帮助它们的姐妹。但当臭氧改变了它们的碳氢化合物时，它们便无法再相互识别并有效合作。通信的崩溃最终可能导致整个群落的死亡。）可知，蚁网高度依赖可靠的交流信号，故选B。

（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段Tohumans，thismayseeminsignificant.Butwesharetheplanetwithothercreatures.Ifwefailtolimitozonepollution，wemaydestroyentiresocialsystemsbeyondourown.Perhapsitistimeweshouldstopusingantsasexamplesforourselvesandourmachines，andstartcaringaboutwhotheyreallyare.（对人类而言，这件事或许微不足道。但我们与其他生物共享地球。如果我们不限制臭氧污染，或许会毁掉人类之外其他生物完整的社会体系。或许现在我们应当停止将蚂蚁当作人类和机器的参照范例，转而真正去关注蚂蚁本身。）结合前文人类长期只把蚂蚁当作类比样本，忽视臭氧污染对蚁群生存造成毁灭性打击的内容可知，作者对于拿蚂蚁类比人类或机器的行为持批判态度，故选B。

短文指出，污染中的臭氧会改变蚂蚁体表的化学物质，导致其无法被同伴识别，破坏家族协作，最终使蚁群走向崩溃。文章回顾人类常以蚂蚁类比自身，从"社会生物学"到"算法决定论"，却始终忽视其独立的生命价值。作者警示，若不控制臭氧污染，我们将摧毁其他生物的社会系统，呼吁人类停止利用蚂蚁，转而真正关注并保护它们。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。16~30.【答案】A、C、D、A、B、C、D、B、C、A、B、C、D、D、A【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.surface表面；B.bottom底部；C