高中英语选择性必修 第三册 Units 2、3

二十六选择性必修第三册Units2.3

（20分钟20分）

阅读理解（共8小题;每小题2.5分，满分20分）

A

（2025・广西名校联合调研）

Iwasateenagerwhenitfirsthappened.ltwastheearlyhoursofthemorning,

stillsomehoursbeforeIhadtogetoutofbedforschool.Iwokeupandtriedtoturn

overinbed,butmybodywouldn'tletme——Iwasunabletomove,fromheadtotoe.

Althoughmybrainwasconscious,mymuscleswerestillasleep.Mybedroom

felthotandrestrictive,asifthewallswereclosingin,andIfeltwrappedand

panicked.Finally,afterabout15seconds,theparalysislifted.Later,Ifoundanamefor

whathadhappenedtome:sleepparalysis（睡眠瘫痪症）.It'sasurprisinglycommon

conditioninwhichpartofourbrainwakesupwhileourbodyremainstemporarily

frozen.

Atnight,ourbodycyclesthroughfourstagesofsleep.Thefinalstageiscalled

rapideyemovementsleep,orREM,auniquephaseofsleepwhenwedream.During

REM,ourbrainparalyzesourmuscles,probablytostopusphysicallyactingoutour

dreamsandhurtingourselves.

Althoughscientistsaren'tstillsurewhythesensorypartofourbrainemerges

fromREMaheadoftime,whichmakesusfeelawake,doctorssayparalysisismore

likelytooccurwhenwefailtofollowournormalsleeppattern.Somesufferersalso

findthatithappenstothemmoreoftenwhentheyaresleepingontheirbacks,though

theexplanationforthisisunclear.

Afterthatinitialscaryincident,itwentontobecomeafrequentoccurrencein

mylife,withanepisodetakingplaceeverytwoorthreenights.Themoreithappened,

thelessfrighteningitbecameformeuntiliteventuallybecamelittlemorethanan

inconvenience.

Butsleepparalysiscanbefarmorelife-affecting.Theconditionwouldcome

withextremelyfrighteninghallucinations,whicharealsonormallythemostdramatic

andunforgettableepisodesoftheirsleepparalysis.Peoplehallucinatestrangespecies,

devils,ghosts,andeventhreateningaliens.

【语篇属性】

语篇

说明文

类型

人与自我（睡眠瘫痪症）

语境

语篇

"文章主要解释了什么是睡眠瘫痪症，其发生的原因和对生活产生的影响

内容

Para.1Asateenager,!wasunabletomove,fromheadtotoe.

Para.2Later,Ifoundanameforwhathadhappenedtome:sleepPara.lysis.

语篇DuringREM,ourbrainparalyzesourmuscles,probablytostopus

Para.3

结构physicallyactingoutourdreamsandhurtingourselves.

Doctorssayparalysisismorelikelytooccurwhenwefailtofollowour

Para.4

normalsleeppattern.

Afterthatinitialscaryincident,itwentontobecomeafrequent

Para.5

occurrenceinmylife.

Para.6Butsleepparalysiscanbefarmorelife-affecting.

【命题意图】

此题设置是把信息定位到第二段，本段主要讲述了作

1.Howdidtheauthorfeel者经历的一次睡眠瘫痪。本题要求考生根据对文章信

whensleepparalysis息的理解,从第二段中推断出作者在睡眠瘫痪发生时

occurred?的感受。本题旨在考杳考生根据文章所提供的信息进

行推理的能力。

此题设置是把信息定位到第三段，本段主要讲述了我

2.Whydoesthebrain们晚上经历的快速眼动睡眠的特征。本题要求考生根

probablyparalyzeour据对文章信息的理解，推断出大脑会在快速眼动期间

musclesduringREM?麻痹我们的肌肉的原因。本题旨在考查考生根据所读

内容对句际之间逻辑联系的理解能力。

此题设置是把信息定位到第六段，本段主要讲述了睡

3.Whatdoesthe

眠瘫痪对生活的不良影响。本题要求考生根据对文章

underlinedword

信息的理解推断出“hallucinations”在特定语境中的具

“hallucinations”in

体含义。题目设计旨在考查考查根据上下文及生活常

Paragraph6referto?

识理解、猜测词汇意义的能力。

4.Which此题设置是把信息定位到第六段，本段主要讲述了睡

aspectofsleepparalysis眠瘫痪对生活的不良影响。本题要求考生根据对文章

willmostlikelybe信息的理解，推断文章接下来有可能的续写内容。本题

coveredinthefollowing主要考查考生根据所读内容以及基于对文章的理解,

paragmph?推断文章后续发展的能力。

l.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhensleepparalysisoccurred?

A.Weakandtired.

B.Scaredandtrapped.

C.Dizzyandrestricted.

D.Angryandimpatient.

【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据第二段“Mybedroomfelthotandrestrictive,asif

thewallswereclosingin.andIfeltwrappedandpanicked.Finally,afterabout15

seconds,theparalysislifted."可知，当睡眠瘫痪发生时作者感到害怕并被困住。故

选B。

2.WhydoesthebrainprobablyparalyzeourmusclesduringREM?

A.Topromoterelaxation.

B.Toboostbloodcirculation.

C.Toenhancemusclestrength.

D.Topreventphysicalinjuries.

【解析】选Do细节理解题。根据第三段“DuringREM,ourbrainparalyzesour

muscles,probablytostopusphysicallyactingoutourdreamsandhurtingourselves.

可知，大脑在快速眼动期间麻痹我们的肌肉是为了防止身体伤害。故选D。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“haHucinations“inParagraph6referto?

A.Visionsofsomethingunreal.

B.Scenesofterribleaccidents.

C.Picturesofeverydayobjects.

0.Memoriesofdailyexperiences.

【解析】选Ao词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Peoplehallucinatestrangespecies,

devils,ghosts,andeventhreateningaliensJ可知，睡眠瘫痪会让人产生幻象故画线

词意为“幻象二故选A。

4.Whichaspectofsleepparalysiswillmostlikelybecoveredinthefollowing

paragraph?

Altshealthbenefits.

B.Itspossiblecauses.

C.Itseffectiveprevention.

D.Itscommonsymptoms.

【解析】选Co推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段提到了睡眠瘫痪

对生活的不良影响，推测下一段最可能涉及睡眠瘫痪的有效预防。故选C。

【阅读障碍】

【词汇积累】

restrictive•.限制（性）的约束（性）的

paralyze也使麻痹;使瘫痪

life-affecting影响生5舌的

hallucination〃.幻觉,幻想;错觉

hallucinate丫乙使产生幻觉

【长难句分析】Althoughscientistsaren'tstillsurewhythesensorypartofourbrain

emergesfromREMaheadoftime,whichmakesusfeelawake,doctorssayparalysis

ismorelikelytooccurwhenwefailtofollowournormalsleeppattern.

分析:本句是主从复合句，其中，主句是doctorssay...sleeppattern;Althoughscientists

aren'tstillsure是Although引导的让步状语从句;whythesensorypartofourbrain

emergesfromREMaheadoftime是why引导的宾语从句;whichmakesusfeel

av/ake是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代thesensorypartofourbrain

emergesfromREMaheadoftime;whenwefailtofollowournormalsleeppattern是

when引导的时间状语从句。

翻译:虽然科学家们仍然不确定为什么我们大脑的感觉部分会在快速眼动中提前

出现，这让我们感到清醒，但医生们说，当我们不能遵循正常的睡眠模式时,更有可

能发生瘫痪。

B

（2025・山东新高考联合质量测评）

Switchingfoodanddrinkpurchasestoverysimilarbutmoreenvironmentally

friendlyalternativescouldreducethegreenhousegasemissionsfromhousehold

groceriesbymorethanaquarter（26%）,accordingtoanewAustralianstudyfrom

TheGeorgeInstitutepublishedinNatureFood.Makingbiggerchanges-like

swappingafrozenmeatlasagne（宽面条）forthevegetarianoption-couldpushthe

reductiontoasmuchas71%.

LeadauthorDrAllisonGainessaid,“Dietaryhabitsneedtochangesignificantly

ifwearetomeetglobalemissionstargets,particularlyinhigh-incomecountrieslike

Australia,theUK,andtheUS.^^Butwhileconsumersareincreasinglyawareofthe

environmentalimpactofthefoodsystem,theylackreliableinformationtoidentify

themoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoptions.

Researcherscalculatedtheprojectedemissionsofannualgrocerypurchases

from7,000AustralianhouseholdsinTheGeorgeInstitutedFoodSwitchdatabaseand

globalenvironmentalimpactdatasets.Morethan22,000productswereassignedto

major,minorandsub-catcgoriesoftbods(e.g.fcbreadandbakery5'bread'and"white

bread',respectively)toquantifyemissionssavedbyswitchingbothwithinand

betweengroups.Makingswitcheswithinthesamesub-categoriesoffoodscouldlead

toemissionreductionsof26%inAustralia,equivalenttotakingover1.9millioncars

offtheroad.Switcheswithinminorcategoriesoffoodscouldleadtoevenbigger

emissionreductionsof71%.

Theresultsofthestudyshowthepotentialtosignificantlyreduceour

environmentalimpactbyswitchinglike-for-likeproducts.uItshowedthatyoucan

switchtoloweremissionsproductswhilestillenjoyingnutritiousfoods,DrGaines

added.

Afreeapp,calledecoSwitch,hasbeendevelopedcurrentlyavailableinAustralia,

basedonthisresearch.Shopperscanusetheirdevicetoscanaproductbarcodeand

checkits'PlanetaryHealthRating',ameasureofitsemissionsshownasascore

betweenhalfastar(highemissions)tofivestars(lowemissions).

“WhileccoSwitchisamuch-neededfirststepinprovidingenvironmental

transparency(透明度)forgroceryshoppers,thevisionisforcompulsivedisplayofa

single,standardisedsustainabilityratingsystemonallsupermarketproducts,“

concludedprofNeal,ProfessorofClinicalEpidemiologyatImperialCollege

London.

【语篇属性】

语篇

新闻报道

类型

人与社会（更环保的食品和饮料替代品）

语境

语篇文章报道了一项新的澳大利亚研究，该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品

内容和饮料替代品来减少家庭杂货购买所产生的温室气体排放

Para.1Eco-friendlyfoodanddrinkreduceemissions.

Para.2Consumerslackinformationoneco-friendlyoptions.

Para.3Researcherscalculatedemissionreductionsfromfoodswitches.

语篇

Para.4Thestudyshowsbenefitsoflower-emissionproducts.

结构

Para.5EcoSwitchappinAustraliashowsproducts'emissionratings.

ProfNealenvisionsstandardisedsustainabilityratingsystemonall

Para.6

supermarketproducts.

5.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbylistingnumbersinParagraph1?

A.Theimpactoffoodindustry.

B.Theneedofchangingdailydiet.

C.Thestatusofenvironmentalproblems.

D.Theinfluencingfactorsofgasemissions.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段“乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的

一项新的澳大利亚研究将食品和饮料的购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品,

可以将家庭杂货的温室气体排放量减少四分之一以上（26%）。做出更大的改变

——比如把冷冻肉干层面换成素食——可能会使碳排放减少多达71%。”可知,

作者在第一段列举数字是想说明改变日常饮食的需要。故选B项。

6.Whydoresearchersmakeadetailedclassificationforproducts?

A.Tosetupacomprehensivedatabase.

B.Tofigureoutthedetailedfoodcategories.

C.Toidentifyemissionsreducedbyswitchingfood.

D.Toensurelessairpollutioncausedbyfoodoptions.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“超过22000种产品被分配到食品的

主要、次要和子类别（例如'面包和烘焙'‘面包'和'白面包'）,以量化通过在组内和组

间转换而节省的排放量。在相同的食品子类