2025-2026年陕西省人教版初中英语第12单元语法专项练习题

2025-2026年陕西省人教版初中英语第12单元语法专项练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The12thunitofthe2025-2026ShaanxiPeople'sEducationPressjuniorhighschoolEnglishcurriculumfocusesonthegrammaticalstructureof______.A.presentperfecttensewith"have"B.pastcontinuoustensewith"was/were"C.futuresimpletensewith"will"D.secondconditionalwith"if"解析：本题考查单元主题定位。根据题干"2025-2026年陕西省人教版初中英语第12单元"及"语法专项练习题"可知，该单元语法重点为"现在完成时态的用法"，选项A正确。选项B为过去进行时，选项C为一般将来时，选项D为第二条件句，均不属于第12单元核心语法内容。现完成时态在本单元重点讲解其构成（have/has+过去分词）、基本用法（强调过去动作对现在的影响）、时间状语（already/yet/ever/never）、与一般过去时的区别等知识点，故A为正确答案。2.Whentheteacherenteredtheclassroom,thestudents______alreadyfinishedtheirhomework.A.hadbeenB.wereC.haveD.had解析：本题考查"现在完成时的被动语态"。根据句意"老师进教室时，学生们已经完成作业"，存在"动作发生在过去，且对现在有影响"的完成时态特征，同时"homework"是动作的承受者，需使用被动语态。选项A"hadbeen"为过去完成时的被动语态，符合"过去的过去"时间关系；选项B"were"为一般过去时；选项C"have"缺少助动词；选项D"had"为一般过去时。根据"过去的过去"时间特征及被动语态要求，A为唯一正确选项。3.She______toLondontwice,butshehasn'tbeentherethisyear.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.hasgoneto解析：本题考查"现在完成时与一般过去时的区别"。根据句意"她去过伦敦两次，但今年没去"，需区分"完成"与"未完成"的语义差异。选项A和D"hasgone"表示"已经去（某地）"，强调人不在原处；选项C"went"为一般过去时，表示"过去去了"；选项B"hasbeen"表示"去过（某地），强调经历"，符合"两次"经历但"今年未在伦敦"的语义。根据时间状语"twice"和"thisyear"的语义关系，B为正确答案。4.IfI______moretime,Iwouldhelpyoucleantheroom.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.amhaving解析：本题考查"第二条件句的虚拟语气"。根据句式"If+一般过去时，主句would+动词原形"可知，条件状语从句需使用一般过去时态。选项A和D为现在时，选项C为将来时，均不符合虚拟语气规则；选项B"had"为一般过去时，符合第二条件句结构要求。第二条件句表示与现在事实相反的假设，如"如果我有钱，就会买新车"，故B为正确选项。5.Thestudents______beentotheGreatWall,buttheyhaven't______thereyet.A.have/goneB.have/beenC.had/goneD.have/goneto解析：本题考查"现在完成时与一般过去时的混用"。根据句意"学生们去过长城，但他们还没去过"，前半句"havebeento"表示"去过某地"；后半句"haven'tbeenthere"强调"未经历"，需使用否定形式。选项A和D中"havegoneto"表示"去了某地（人不在）"，与后半句矛盾；选项C"hadgone"为过去完成时，不符合"现在未去"的语义；选项B"havebeen"和"haven'tbeen"分别表示"去过"和"未去过"，符合语义逻辑。故B为正确答案。6.Mybrother______acarforthreeyears,buthestilldoesn'tlikedriving.A.hashadB.hasbeendrivingC.hasdrivenD.hasgone解析：本题考查"现在完成时的持续状态用法"。根据句意"我弟弟买了三年车，但仍然不喜欢开车"，需表达"动作从过去持续到现在"的完成时态。选项A"hashad"表示"拥有某物"，符合"三年"的持续时间；选项B"hasbeendriving"为现在完成进行时，强调持续动作，但"三年"更符合一般完成时；选项C"hasdriven"表示"已经开车"，但未体现持续状态；选项D"hasgone"表示"去了某地"。根据"三年"的时间状语，A为最符合语境的选项。7.Ifit______tomorrow,we______tothezoo.A.rains/willgoB.willrain/goC.rains/goD.wouldrain/willgo解析：本题考查"第一条件句的虚拟语气"。根据句式"If+一般现在时，主句一般将来时"可知，条件状语从句需使用一般现在时。选项B和D使用将来时或虚拟将来时，不符合规则；选项C省略了助动词，语法错误；选项A"rains/willgo"符合第一条件句结构，表示"如果下雨，我们就去动物园"的将来事实性假设。故A为正确答案。8.Theteachertoldusthatthemeeting______at9o'clockyesterdaymorning.A.wouldstartB.startedC.hasstartedD.wasstarting解析：本题考查"一般过去时的被动语态"。根据句意"老师告诉我们会议昨天早上9点开始"，存在"过去时间+被动意义"的语法特征。选项A"wouldstart"为过去将来时；选项B"started"为一般过去时主动语态；选项C"hasstarted"为现在完成时；选项D"wasstarting"为过去进行时。会议"开始"是动作发生在过去，且主语"meeting"是动作承受者，需使用被动语态，故B为正确选项。9.She______tothelibrarythreetimesthismonth,butshe______therelastweek.A.hasgone/wentB.hasbeen/hasbeenC.hasgone/hasbeenD.hasbeen/went解析：本题考查"现在完成时与一般过去时的对比"。根据句意"这个月她去过图书馆三次，但上周没去"，前半句"havebeen"表示"经历"，后半句"went"表示"过去未发生"。选项A和C中"havegone"与"went"混用，逻辑矛盾；选项B中两次使用"havebeen"，不符合"上周没去"的语义；选项D"hasbeen/went"分别表示"去过"和"过去未去"，符合语义逻辑。故D为正确答案。10.IfI______you,I______studyharderfortheexam.A.am/willB.were/wouldC.am/wouldD.were/will解析：本题考查"虚拟语气的第二条件句"。根据句式"If+一般过去时，主句would+动词原形"可知，条件状语从句需使用一般过去时。选项A和C使用现在时，不符合规则；选项D使用将来时，错误；选项B"were/would"符合第二条件句结构，表示"如果我是你，我会更努力学习"。故B为正确答案。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thecompany______10newemployeesthisyear,andthey______allfromsouthernChina.2.Ifit______tomorrow,we______stayathome.3.She______toJapanlastyear,butshe______thereagainthissummer.4.Thestudents______beentothemuseum,butthey______seenthedinosaurexhibit.5.IfI______moremoney,I______buyacar.6.Mybrother______acomputerfortwoyears,buthe______ityet.7.Theteachertoldusthatthemeeting______at8o'clockyesterdayevening.8.Ifyou______me,I______helpyouwiththehomework.9.She______tothelibrarythreetimesthisweek,butshe______thereyesterday.10.Thestudents______beentotheGreatWall,butthey______beentheretwice.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthathappenedinthepast.(×)2."Havebeento"meansyouareinaplacenow,while"havegoneto"meansyouarenotthere.(×)3.Thesecondconditionalisusedforrealsituations,notforunrealones.(×)4."Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillgotothezoo"isafirstconditionalsentence.(√)5.Thepastcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatwerehappeninginthepastwhenanotheractionhappened.(√)6."Shehasbeentothelibrarythreetimes"meanssheisinthelibrarynow.(×)7.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatstartedinthepastandcontinuetothepresent.(√)8."IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder"isasecondconditionalsentence.(√)9."Themeetingstartedat9o'clock"isinthepassivevoice.(×)10."Shehasgonetothelibrary"meanssheisnotinthelibrarynow.(√)四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"havebeento"and"havegoneto".2.Howdoyouformthepresentperfecttense?3.Whatisthefunctionof"already"and"yet"inthepresentperfecttense?4.Describethestructureofthesecondconditional.5.Whendoweusethepresentperfectcontinuoustense?6.Howcanyouformthepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustense?7.Whatisthemeaningof"ifIwereyou"?8.Whydoweuse"will"inthefirstconditional?五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceinthepresentperfecttense:"Shefinishedherhomeworkyesterday."2.Changethefollowingsentenceintothepassivevoice:"Thestudentscleanedtheclassroom."3.Transformthefollowingsentenceintothesecondconditional:"Heistiredbecauseheworkedlate."4.Usethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetodescribetheaction:"Therainhasbeenfallingfortwohours."5.Completethesentence:"IfI______moremoney,I______travelaroundtheworld."6.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"hasbeento":"Shewenttothemuseumlastweek."7.Changethefollowingsentenceintothepassivevoice:"Theyarebuildinganewbridge."8.Transformthefollowingsentenceintothefirstconditional:"Itwillraintomorrow,sowewillcancelthepicnic."【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.D3.B4.B5.B6.A7.A8.B9.D10.B二、填空题1.hashired/havebeen2.rains/will3.went/hasn'tbeen4.havebeen/haven't5.had/would6.hashad/hasn'tused7.began8.were/would9.hasbeen/hasn'tbeen10.hasbeen/haven'tbeen三、判断题1.×（现在完成时描述过去动作对现在的影响）2.×（havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了某地）3.×（第二条件句表示与现在事实相反的假设）4.√（第一条件句表示将来可能发生的真实情况）5.√（过去进行时描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作）6.×（havebeento表示经历，不强调现在位置）7.√（现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在）8.√（第二条件句结构为if+一般过去时，主句would+动词原形）9.×（一般过去时主动语态）10.√（havegoneto表示去了某地，人不在原处）四、简答题1."Havebeento"meansyouhavevisitedaplaceandreturned,while"havegoneto"meansyouarecurrentlyawayfromaplace.2.Presentperfecttense:have/has+pastparticiple(e.g.,"Ihavefinished").3."Already"isusedinaffirmativesentences,"yet"innegativesentences,bothindicatingcompletion.4.Secondconditional:If+pasttense,...would+verb(e.g.,"IfIwererich,Iwouldtravel").5.Presentperfectcontinuous:has/have+been+presentparticiple(e.g.,"Therainhasbeenfalling").6.Pastcontinuouspassive:was/were+being+pastparticiple(e.g.,"Themeetingwasbeingheld").7."IfIwereyou"isasecondconditionalexpressinghypothetica