1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题⚠️试卷结构和现在考研英语一差别很大，一共8个大题，总分100分：

SectionIStructureandVocabulary（10分）

SectionIIReadingComprehension（15分）

SectionIIIStructureandVocabulary（10分）

SectionIVClozeTest（10分）

SectionVVerbForms（10分）动词形式填空

SectionVIError-detectionandCorrection（10分）辨错改错

SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslation（15分）汉译英

SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation（20分）英译汉SectionIStructureandVocabulary(10points)Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.EXAMPLE:

Iwascaught\\\\therainyesterday.

[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]at

ANSWER:[A]Theskyscraperstandsout\\\\thebluesky.

[A]in[B]against[C]under[D]beneathTheyhavealwaysbeenongood\\\\withtheirnext-doorneighbors.

[A]friendship[B]relations[C]connection[D]termsHello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputme\\\\tothemanager.

[A]across[B]up[C]through[D]overWhydoyoulookso\\\\?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.

[A]miserable[B]unfortunate[C]sorry[D]rudeEggs,thoughnourishing,have\\\\offatcontent.

[A]largenumber[B]alargenumber[C]thehighamount[D]ahighamountJimalways\\\\hisclassmatesinadebate.

[A]backsout[B]backsaway[C]backsup[D]backsdownMostofthepeoplewho\\\\twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.

[A]havelivedout[B]havelivedthrough[C]havelivedon[D]havelivedoffTherearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe\\\\whenyouarecamping.

[A]putup[B]putupwith[C]putoff[D]putawayIsittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddown\\\\newofficeblocks?

[A]toaccommodate[B]toprovidefor[C]toincrease[D]tomakeroomforBeinginnogreathurry,\\\\.

[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery

[B]thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

[C]wetookthelong,scenicroute

[D]ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicrouteSectionIIReadingComprehension(15points)Therearethreereadingpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemfourchoicesaregiven.Youshouldchoosethebestone.Passage1Forcenturiesmendreamedofsomeformofmechanicalflight.TheancientEgyptiansmighthavestartedtheideawiththeirpicturesofwingedgods,butthefirstrealattempttobuildaflyingmachinecamemuchlater.About400yearsago,LeonardodaVincidesignedamachinewithwings,butitwasneverbuilt.Thefirstsuccessfulflyingmachinewasthehot-airballoon,builtinFrancein1783.TwoFrenchmen,theMontgolfierbrothers,madeit.Theirballoonwasmadeofclothandpaper.Whentheylitafireunderit,hotairfilledtheballoonanditrose.Thefirstpassengerswereasheep,aduckandachicken.Laterthatyear,twomenwentupinaballoonandstayedintheairfortwentyminutes.Balloonscouldgoupanddown,buttheycouldnotbecontrolled.Theywentwhereverthewindtookthem.Menwantedamachinetheycouldsteer.In1852,aFrenchmannamedGiffardbuiltasteam-poweredairship.Itwaslikealongballoonwithanengineandapropellerunderneath.Hecouldcontrolitsdirection.Butsteamenginesweretooheavy.In1900,CountZeppelinbuilthisfirstairship.Itwasarigidairship,madeofanaluminiumframecoveredwithcloth.Insideweremanyseparategasbagsfilledwithhydrogen.TheZeppelincouldcarrymanypassengersandtravellongdistances.Buthydrogengasburnseasily.SeveralZeppelinsexploded.Theageoftheairplanebeganin1903,whentheWrightbrothersmadetheirfirstsuccessfulflight.Theirplanewasabiplane,withtwowingsoneabovetheother.Itwaspoweredbyasmallpetrolengine.Itflewonly120feet,butitwasthefirstpowered,controlledflightinhistory.Questions

11.LeonardodaVinci\\\\.

[A]builtthefirstflyingmachine

[B]designedaflyingmachinecenturiesago

[C]madethefirsthot-airballoon

[D]flewinaballoonThefirstpassengersintheMontgolfierballoonwere\\\\.

[A]twoFrenchmen[B]wingedgods

[C]animals[D]LeonardodaVinciBalloonswerenotsatisfactorybecause\\\\.

[A]theycouldnotrisehigh

[B]theycouldnotbedirected

[C]theyburnedeasily

[D]theyusedsteamenginesCountZeppelin’sairship\\\\.

[A]hadarigidframe

[B]usedsteampower

[C]wasasmallballoon

[D]wasmadeofclothonlyTheWrightbrothers’plane\\\\.

[A]wasanairship

[B]usedhydrogengas

[C]hadapetrolengine

[D]flewfortwentyminutesPassage2Ascientistoncesaid:“Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlycontrolledvehiclesfromouterspace.”IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects),questionsimmediatelycomeup.“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus,then?Whydon’ttheylandrightontheWhiteHouselawnanddeclarethemselves?”peopleasked.Inreply,scientistssaythat,whilethismaybewhatwewant,itmaynotnecessarilybewhattheywant.“Themostlikelyexplanation,itseemstome,”saidDr.Mead,“isthattheyaresimplywatchingwhatweareupto—thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonustoseethatwedon’tsetinmotionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideoursolarsystem.”Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:“Whyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithus?Wemayfeelwe’remoreimportantthanweare!Theymaywanttoobserveusonlyandnotinterferewiththedevelopmentofourcivilization.Theymaynotcareifweseethemandtheymaynotcaretosay‘hello’.”SomescientistsalsosuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlifereserve.Justaswesetasidewildernessareasandwildlifereservestoallowanimalsandgrowingthingstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem,perhapsEarthwassetasideagesagoforthesamepurpose.Arewebeingobservedbyintelligentbeingsfromothercivilizationsintheuniverse?Aretheywatchingourprogressinspacetravel?Doweliveinagigantic“zoo”observedbyourvisitors,buthavingnowaytoknoworcommunicatewiththem?Neverbeforeinourhistoryhavewehadtoconfrontideaslikethese.Thesimplefactisthatwe,whohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeintheuniverse,maynotbeso.Nowwehavetorecognizethat,amongthestarsintheheavens,theremayverywellbeworldsinhabitedbybeingswhoaretousaswearetoants.Questions

16.Peoplewhoaskthequestion“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus...anddeclarethemselves?”thinkthat\\\\.

[A]therearenosuchthingsasUFOs

[B]UFOsarevisitorsfromsolarsystem

[C]there’snoreasonforUFOsnottolandonEarth

[D]theyareafraidofushumanbeingsAccordingtoDr.Mead,theattitudeofbeingsfromouterspacetowardusisoneof\\\\.

[A]unfriendliness[B]suspicion

[C]superiority[D]hostilityThetoneofthewriteristhatof\\\\.

[A]doubt[B]warning

[C]indifference[D]open-mindednessPassage3Theuseofthemotorisbecomingmoreandmorewidespreadinthetwentiethcentury;asanincreasingnumberofcountriesdevelopbothtechnicallyandeconomically,soalargerproportionoftheworld’spopulationisabletobuyanduseacar.Possessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeofmobility,enablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportandis,therefore,notcompelledtoworklocally.Hecanchoosefromdifferentjobsandprobablychangeshisworkmorefrequentlyasheisnotrestrictedtoachoicewithinasmallradius.Travellingtoworkbycarisalsomorecomfortablethanhavingtousepublictransport;thedrivercanadjusttheheatinginwinterandtheairconditioninginsummer,tosuithisownneedsandpreference.Thereisnoirritationcausedbywaitingfortrains,busesorundergroundtrains,standinginlongpatientqueues,orsittingonwindyplatforms,foraslongashalfanhoursometimes.Withthebuildingofgood,fastmotorwayslongdistancescanbecoveredrapidlyandpleasantly.Forthefirsttimeinthiscenturyalso,manypeoplearenowabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideattheweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighbourhood.Thisfeelingofindependence,andthefreedomtogowhereyouplease,isperhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.Whenconsideringthedrawbacks,perhapspollutionisofprimeimportance.Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedandused,sotheemissionfromtheirexhaust-pipescontainsaneverlargervolumeofpoisonousgas.Someofthecontentsofthisgas,suchaslead,notonlypollutetheatmospherebutcauseactualharmtothehealthofpeople.Manyoftheminorillnessesofmodernindustrialsociety,headaches,tiredness,andstomachupsetsarethoughttoarisefrombreathingpollutedair;doctors’surgeriesarefullofpeoplesufferingfromillnessescausedbypollution.Itisalsobecomingincreasinglydifficulttodealwiththeproblemoftrafficintowns;mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfromtrafficcongestion.Infact,anyadvantagegainedincomfortisoftencancelledoutincitydrivingbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams:endlessqueuesofcarscrawlingoneafteranotherthroughallthemainstreets.Asanincreasingnumberoftrafficregulationschemesaredevised,thepoorbewildereddriverfindshimselfdivertedandforcedintoone-waysystemswhichcauseevengreaterdelaysthanthetrafficjamstheyaresupposedtocure.Themountingcostofpetrolandtheincreasedlicencefeesandroadtaxalladdtothedriver’sworries.Infact,hemustsometimeswonderifthemotorcarissuchablessingandnotjustamenace.Questions

19.Moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuyandusecarsbecause\\\\.

[A]anincreasingnumberofcarsarebeingproduced

[B]thecostofcarsisgettingcheaperwiththedevelopmentoftechnology

[C]lotsofcountrieshavebecomemoredeveloped

[D]theuseofcarshasprovedtobemoreeconomicalTheadvantagesofhavingacararebestexperiencedinthedriver’s\\\\.

[A]freedominchoosinghisjob

[B]comfortduringthetravels

[C]enjoymentofhisleisuretime

[D]feelingofself-relianceWhatisconsideredbythewriterasthegreatestmenacetothepeoplecausedbythewidespreaduseofmotorcars?

[A]airpollution[B]trafficjams

[C]harmfulgases[D]highcostThewritermentions\\\\asadrawbackofacar.

[A]waitingforbuses

[B]wastingtimeonplatforms

[C]trafficcongestion

[D]noindependenceAccordingtothepassage,whatmakesthedriverpuzzled?

[A]Therisingpriceofpetrol.

[B]Complicatedtrafficrulesandroaddesign.

[C]Thestomachupsetcausedbypollutedair.

[D]Thelicencefeesandroadtax.Theword“menace”inthelastsentencemeans\\\\.

[A]blessing[B]nuisance

[C]threat[D]troubleThepassageismainlyabout\\\\.

[A]theadvantagesofcars

[B]thedisadvantagesofcars

[C]thedevelopmentofcars

[D]bothadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcarsSectionIIIStructureandVocabulary(10points)Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.I’dratheryou\\\\bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

[A]wouldgo[B]shouldgo[C]went[D]hadgoneIt’shightimethatwe\\\\home.

[A]willgo[B]wouldgo[C]havegone[D]wentIfyouhadspokenclearly,you\\\\.

[A]wouldbeunderstood

[B]wouldhavebeenunderstood

[C]wereunderstood

[D]couldbeunderstoodThebusinessofeachday,\\\\sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.

[A]itbeing[B]beit[C]wasit[D]itwasCareydidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe\\\\thebabyforhersisteruntil9:30.

[A]musthavelookedafter

[B]wouldhavetolookafter

[C]hadtolookafter

[D]shouldhavelookedafter\\\\,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.

[A]Ashelikeshermuch

[B]Muchthoughhelikesher

[C]Thoughmuchhelikesher

[D]MuchashelikesherThevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield\\\\.

[A]inview[B]inquestion[C]incase[D]ineffectThenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf\\\\.

[A]oflastyear’s[B]thoseoflastyear’s

[C]ofthoseoflastyear[D]thatoflastyear’sWithoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,peoplewould\\\\beabletowalk.

[A]innotime[B]byallmeans[C]innoway[D]onanyaccountWhiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping\\\\togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

[A]occasionally[B]simultaneously[C]eventually[D]promptlySectionIVClozeTest(10points)Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethebestone.Chequeshave1replacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain2whenheacceptsachequeandheisquite3hisrightsifonoccasion,herefusestodoso.Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled4.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge5ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,hedecidedtobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpaybycheque.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite6butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager’soffice.Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactlythesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlesschequenotlongago.Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldbuyanecklacesomewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogo,themanagertoldhimthatthepolicewouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterstay7hewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.8,thepolicearrivedsoonafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthe9,butexplainedthatapersonwhohadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecentrobberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutanotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote10:“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”Fortunately,myfriend’shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethief’s.Hewasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelay,buttotakethepearlnecklacewithhim.[A]really[B]indeed[C]largely[D]faithfully[A]danger[B]chance[C]risk[D]trouble[A]within[B]beyond[C]without[D]outof[A]indifficulty[B]indoubt[C]inearnest[D]inquestion[A]amount[B]stock[C]number[D]store[A]inorder[B]inneed[C]inuse[D]incommon[A]whether[B]if[C]otherwise[D]unless[A]Really[B]Sureenough[C]Certainly[D]However[A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconvenience[D]behaviour[A]read[B]told[C]wrote[D]informedSectionVVerbForms(10points)Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninbrackets.Ihopeherhealth\\\\(improve)greatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.WhilewewereinLondonthatyear,theLondonBridge\\\\(repair).Lotsofemptybottleswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut\\\\(drink).Thepolice\\\\(find)thatthehousehadbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.Itriedtogether\\\\(interest)inpolitics,butinvain.Theboywascaught\\\\(cheat)intheexamination.Iremember\\\\(take)toBeijingwhenIwasachild.Sheislookingforwardto\\\\(go)toEurope.Itisnouse\\\\(argue)withhim.Thesun\\\\(rise),thebirdsbegantosing.SectionVIError-detectionandCorrection(10points)Eachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebrackets.Thenwritedownthecorrectformontheline.Neitherhistrainingnorhisexperienceasarailwayengineerqualifyhimforhisjob.

[A]Neither[B]hisexperience[C]qualify[D]forUndernocircumstancesweshoulddoanythingthatwillbenefitourselvesbutharmtheinterestsofthestate.

[A]Undernocircumstances[B]weshould[C]willbenefit[D]harmThedentistsaidthatifmytoothwentworseIshouldhavetohaveitpullout.

[A]said[B]wentworse[C]shouldhave[D]pullSittinguplatelastnight,Tomnotonlyreadtheassignmentbutalsomanypoemsbyoneofhisfavouritepoets.

[A]Sittingup[B]read[C]theassignment[D]manypoemsHowIwishJohnknewhowtoapplygrammaticalrulesproperlyandrecognizethefactthatheisnearlyalwaysinthewrong.

[A]knew[B]apply[C]recognize[D]isDespitethefactthattheSouthPoleisassnow-coveredandstormy-weatheredastheNorthPole,iscolderthantheNorthPole.

[A]Despite[B]snow-covered[C]stormy-weathered[D]iscolderThepopulationofmanymetropolitancitieshasmorethandoubleditinthepastdecade.

[A]metropolitan[B]has[C]morethandoubled[D]itDespitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreaseit.

[A]Despite[B]prefers[C]increasing[D]decreaseAstronautscanbeaffectedbyloneliness.Theymayhavetositinthespacecraftforweekswithverylittletodoandnoonetotalk.

[A]canbeaffected[B]mayhaveto[C]todo[D]totalkOneofthearticlesisinteresting,informative,anditiseasytoread.

[A]Oneof[B]is[C]informative[D]itisSectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。只要我们刻苦学习，我们就能掌握这门外语。我们应当敢于正视困难，不要害怕困难。我们现在讨论的问题是如何充分利用现有的设备。毫无疑问，这件事应该尽快处理。SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation(20points)ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.Havetherealwaysbeencities?(1)Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.(2)Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.(3)Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.(4)Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodernAmericancity?Actually,theproblemisnotsuchanewone.Longbeforethiscenturystarted,therehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscentury,therehasalsobeenthedevelopmentoflargesuburbanareassurroundingthecities,fortherichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecities,sectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistricts,the“rightsideoftown”andtheslums.Ofcourse,everyonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.(5)Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.Perhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcourse,thereistheproblemofpersuadingpeopletomoveoutofthemoftheirownfreewill.(6)Andthereis