高考英语：说明文之解决问题型 专项练习（含答案）

【教师版】五年解决问题型说明文的汇总

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

（2025•全国二卷•高考真题）Doesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunused

food?Minedoes.MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase

“therearechildrenstarvinginAlYica“wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthana

prayeratdinnerlime.

Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries.

Fromtechnologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingfor

waystousemoreofwhatwc'rcalreadygrowing.Butlastmonth,onepopularNewYorkCity

restauranttriedadifferentway:Itchangeditsmenutoexclusively（专门）offerfoodthatwould

otherwisebethrownaway.

FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage'sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwaslED,

andserveditemslikefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver'svegetable

salad.Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.

AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33

poundsoffoodwasteforevery$1,000inrevenue（收入），ar.dofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonated

orrecycled.Upto84.3%issimplythrownout.RestaurantslikeSilointheUKhaveexperimented

withzero-wastesystems,butwastEDtook（heconcepttoitslogicalconclusion.

ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED?smenuwastechnicallymadefrom

garbage.Instead,alltheingredients（四己料）usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethat

mostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweet

potatoes,ctiidcucumberbullswereallrc-appiuprialudand,withthehelpofanumberofgood

chefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.

ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasa

short-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.Nevertheless,itservesas

areminderthattherearemanywaystoaddressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmake

anamazingmealoutofalmostanything.

1.Whatcanbeinterredabouttheauthor'searlylife?

A.Hewitnessedfoodshortage.B.Heenjoyedthelocalcuisine.

C.Hedonatedfood（oAfricans.D.Hehelpedtocookathome.

2.WhydidBlueHillcarryouttheexperiment?

A.Tocustomizedishesforguests.B.Tomakethepublicawareoffoodwaste.

C.Totestafoodprocessingmethod.D.ToimprovetheUK'szero-wastesystems.

3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Whytheingredientswereused.B.Whichdisheswerebestliked.

C.Whatthedishesweremadeof.D.Wheretheingredientswerebought.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutwastED?

A.Ithasendedasplanned.B.Itiscreatingnewjobs.

C.Ithasregainedpopularity.D.Itiscriticizedbytopchefs.

（24-25高三上•山东潍坊•开学考试）Newtechnoicgiestendtocauseacycleofconcern,

disorder,andconHiclbeforeeventuallybeingaccepted.Recentwritingsaboutartificial

intelligence（AI）andotheradvancesincomputersciencesuggestthatwearepreparingto

welcomethefinalstageofthislatestroundofinvention.

TheLastHumanJob.sociologistAllisonPugh'snewbookcenteredoncaregivingand

humanconnectionintheageofautomation,warnsreadersagainstunreservedacceptanceofthese

technologicaladvances,citing^connectivelabor”asvaluablehumanworkthatwillnotbeeasily

replacedbyalgorithms（算法）.“AbsentfromdiscussionsaboutAlandautomation/'Pughargues,

“istheimpactthatthesesystemsmighthaveontheemotionalunderstandingswebuildof

ourselvesandothers.”

Pughsetsthestagebyarguingfbrthevalueofhumanconnectionandtheimportanceof

bulliseeingandbeingseenbyvllicib.t4Piaulitiuiici5（从业者）saidllicygainedasenseufpuipusc

simplyfromtheopportunityofobservingpeopleattheirmostdefenseless/*sheobserves.Shethen

providesasummaryofhowcareworkisbeingincreasinglyautomated,showinghow

quantificationandmeasurementhavetakenovermanyaspectsofhuman-facingjobs,leavinglittle

roomfordoctors,teachers,andotherstobuildconnection.

“Whenonegoestoadoctororateacher,theencounterisfullofthepotentialforshame,a

risk（hatmakesitall（hemorepowerfulwhenpractitionerssnowempathic（同埋心的）retlecnon/*

试卷第2页，共10页

writesPugh.Inchapter8,sheexplainshowsuchinteractionscanbedoneright.Research

conductedbyherselfandothersidentifiesthreekeyaspectssupportingconnectivelabor:

^relationaldesign"，orhowpeoplearcsetuptointeractwithoneanother;^connectiveculture,“or

sharedpracticesandbeliefsthatinfluencehowpeopleinteract;and“resourcedistribution/*which

includestimegivenforinteraction,worker-to-clientrates,andtheextentoftechnologyanddata

use,amongotherfactors.

Pughconcludesbyarguingthatweneedasocialmovementforconnection.4iWeneedto

fightforwhatwemightcallour'socialhealth',"shemaintains.

5.WhatisthemainconcernofAllisonPugh'snewbook?

A.TheimpactofAIonfutureemployment.B.Theapproach(olivingandworkingwithAI.

C.Theincreasingroleoftechnologyincaregiving.D.Thevalueofconnectivelaborin

theageofautomation.

6.Whydocstheauthormention“practitioners”inparagraph3?

A.lbexplainhowtodocarework.B.Toargueagainsttheautomationtechnology.

C.Toprovethesignificanceofhumanconnection.D.Todiscussthechallengesof

privacyincaregiving.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it"inparagraph4referto?

A.Theencounter.B.Theshame.C.Therisk.D.Thepotential.

8.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theoverviewofchapter8.B.Theeffectivewaytointeract.

C.Thenewtrendofcaregiving.D.Thefactorsofavoidingshame.

(2024•广东江苏•高考真题)IntheraceiodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygo

cxliiiul,researchersandcitizenscicnlislshavecollcclcdbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsof

biodiversityarcoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyarc

usefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudy

hasfoundthat(histypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecies

withtheaidofamobileapplication,saidBarnabasDam,whoisleadauthorofthestudyand

assistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."These

observationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatconiesfromphysicalspecimens（标本），and

sinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingto

globalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Arctheyusablc?^^

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Damand

histeamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wcwereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有

偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplant

insteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,“saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetter

globalcoverage.Moreovei;thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,and

species.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobile

devicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.These

dataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“QuitealotJDaruexplained."Biodiversityappscaruseourstudyresultstoinformusers

ofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.To

improvethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohavean

expertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”

9.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarclimitedinnumber.D.Theyarcusedforpublicexhibition.

10.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Obscivationaldata.D.Mubiltappliualions.

11.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

12.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheideninyot（heusers.D.Giveguidance（ocitizenscientists.

试卷第4页，共10页

（2024•全国甲卷•高考真题）TheSaintLukastraindoesn'tacceptpassengers—itaccepts

onlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattravelto

remotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduring

thattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural（乡村）populationswithbasicmedicalcare,

X-rayscansandprescriptions.

“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,“saysEmileDucke,

aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripin

Novemberthroughthevastregions（区域）ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.

Russia'spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.The

governmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblenLparticularlyinthe

poorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor'sappointmentsbyvideo

chatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremote

partsof（hecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.

TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10

monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtothe

regionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock（补给）.Thenilstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Most

stationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.

Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain'sequipmentallowsfbrbasiccheckups.

“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespace

butstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,"saysDucke."Theywerethebestchancefbrmany

niralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”

13.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?

A.1（iunsauiusscuunliies.B.Ilicseivessealsfvitheseniuis.

C.Itfunctionsasahospital.D.Ittravelsalongariver.

14.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?

A.Itisheavilypopulated.B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.

C.Itisamoderncity.D.Itneedsmedicalaid.

15.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?

A.Aboutayear.B.Aboutlenmonths.

C.Abouttwomonths.D.Abouttwoweeks.

16.WhatisDucke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas5services?

A.Appreciative.B.DoubtfulC.Ambiguous.D.Cautious.

（2023•新课标I卷•高考真题）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigital

minimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteach

youhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideil'srightfbryou.

lbdoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophical

foundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingso

manypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionof

thedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodfbradoptingthisphilosophy:the

digitaldeclutier.Thisprocessrequiresyou（ostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfbrthirty

days.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosen

onlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,rilguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigital

decIutter.Indoingso,I,lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreed

toperformadigitaldecluttcr.You'llheartheseparticipants5storiesandlearnwhatstrategies

workedwellfbrthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpariofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyouculrivate

（培养）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchasthe

importanceofsolitude（独处）andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethe

timemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,

whicharcdesignedlohelpyuuactonthebigideasofihccliaplcr.Yuucanviewthesepracticesas

atoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticular

circumstances.

17.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''declutter''inparagraph3mean?

试卷第6页，共10页

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

19.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

20.Whatdoes（heauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

（2023•新课标II卷•高考真题）Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeople

livinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknear

whereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarcrelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudy

showsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundred

park-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhad

withnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding（编码）

experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceofuWesaland

listenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile''wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach''and

“listeningtowaves.”

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”

begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmost

oftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeof

water,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecicalcsausablelanguage,whichhelpspeopleicuugnizc

andtakepartintheactivitiesthatarcmostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,the

experienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalona

weekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomestic

formofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsback

intoourdailylives.Andtorthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninreract

withit,“saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

21.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribea（thebeginningofthetext?

A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.

C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.

22.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?

A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.

C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofinepatternsinthevisitors'summaries.

23.Whatcanwclearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?

A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.

B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeraclwithnature.

C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.

D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.

24.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?

A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.

C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.

（2022•新高考全国I卷•高考真题）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondon

arcbeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimprove

elderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aserious

illnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewhere

hensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"Iusedtokeep

henswhenIwasyoungerandliadlupreparellicirbreakfasteachinorniiigbclbicIwentto

school.”

“【liketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehens

outanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed”

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfbcus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethe

hensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit

teelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.

试卷第8页，共10页

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,

andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkonthe

project,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wcarc

lookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehcrc.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities?,

25.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.lbraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

26.HowhastheprojectafTectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

27.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon“meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

28.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

（2022•新高考全国H卷•高考真题）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebanned

textingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuade

peopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestill

lexlingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaucidcnls,which

hadfallenforyears,arcnov/risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefofthe

NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"only

increasing,unfortunately."

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytothe

needtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersand

publichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddriving

likedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledthe

Tcxtalyzcr.Itwouldworklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthe

phonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.

Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjust:exted,emailedordoneanythingelse

thatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,“saidFelixW.Ortiz,

whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbill

becomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

30.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverv/asgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

32.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.

试卷第10页，共10页

《【学生版】五年解决问题型说明文的汇总》参考答案

题号1234567891()

答案ABCADCABBC

题号11121314151617181920

答案CDCDDABACA

题号21222324252627282930

答案BDCBDBCAAB

题号3132

答案DB

1.A2.B3.C4.A

【难度】0.65

【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、说明文

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目

“waslED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮

食的关注。

1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica

wherethephrase“therearcchildrenstarvinginAfrica^^wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminder

offactthanaprayeratdinnertime.（这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历----在那里，“非

洲还有孩子在挨饿”这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒）”可

知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。

故选Ao

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfood

waste.（每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识）”可知，BlueHill餐厅进行这

个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选

Bo

3.主:旨大意题。根据文章第五段“ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED\menu

wastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,all（heingredients（配料）usedwereexamplesof

meatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,

fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallrc-appropriatcdand,withthe

helpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.（值得注意的是，从技术上讲，

wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不

会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被

答案第1页，共10页

重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴广可知，本段主要介绍了waslED

菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主

要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwas

designedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregular

menu.（尽管wastED餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目：此

后，BlueHill餐厅已回归常规菜单）“可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐

厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目"wastED”已经衣计划结束了。故选A。

5.D6.C7.A8.B

【难度】0.65

【知识点】职业内容、社会问题与社会现象、说明文

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会学家AllisonPugh的新书《最后的人类工作》.

该书强调在自动化时代保持人际关系和连接性劳动的重要性，呼吁社会为“社会健康”而•战。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段中LastHumanJob,sociologistAllisonPugh'snewbook

centeredoncaregivingandhumanconnectionintheageofautomation,warnsreadersagainst

unreservedacceptanceofthesetechnologicaladvances,citing''connectivelabor“asvaluable

humanworkthatwillnotbeeasilyreplacedbyalgorithms（算法）.（社会学家AllisonPugh的新书

《最后的人类工作》聚焦于自动化时代的看护和人际关系，该书警告读者不要亳无保留地接

受这些技术进步，称“连接性劳动”是有价值的人类工作，不会轻易被算法取代）”可知，这本

新书主要关注的是自动化时代连接性劳动的价值。故选D项。

6.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Pughsetsthestagebyarguingforthevalueofhumanconnection

andtheimportanceofbothseeingandbeingseenbyothers.'Practitioners（从业者）saidthey

gainedasenseofpurposesimplyfromtheopportunityofobservingpeopleattheirmost

dcfwsclss,"sheubbcivcs.（Pugh通过论证人际关系的价值以及看到和被他人看到的重耍性

奠定了基础。她说：“从业者说，他们获得了一种目的感，仅仅是因为有机会观察人们最无

助的时候。可知，此处先指出Pugh论证了人际关系的价值，以及看到和被他人看到的重

要性，然后提到从业者的想法，他们通过看到他人而获得目的感。由此推知，作者提到从业

者是为了证明人际关系的重要性。故选C项。

7.词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“Whenonegoestoadoctororateacher,theencounterisfull

oithepotentiallorshame（当一个人去看医生或老师时，这种相遇允满了羞耻的可能性）”和下

答案第2页，共10页

文“allthemorepowerfulwhenpractitionersshowempathic（同理心的）reflection（当从业者表

现出共情反思时，这一切都更加强大）”可推知，正是与他人的相遇有可能会有羞耻感，所以

从业者具备的共情反思才会使遭遇变得强大，划线词指代的是前面提到的相遇。故选A项。

8.主旨大意题。根据第四段中''Researchconductedbyherselfandothersidentifiesthreekey

aspectssupportingconnectivelabor:"relationaldesign”,orhowpeoplearcsetuptointeractwith

oneanother;''connectiveculture/'orsharedpracticesandbeliefsthatinfluencehowpeople

interact;and“resourcedistribution,nwhichincludeslimegivenfbrinteraction,worker-lo-client

rates,andtheextentoftechnologyanddatause,amongotherfactors.（她和其他人进行的研究确

定了支持连接性劳动的三个关键方面：“关系设计”，即人们如何与他人互动；'‘连接性的文

化”，或影响人们互动方式