2026年北京市人教版初中英语上册第4单元语法专项练习题集

2026年北京市人教版初中英语上册第4单元语法专项练习题集一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewlibraryinourschool______opennextmonth,whichwillprovidemorereadingspacesforstudents.A.isgoingtobebuiltB.willbebuiltC.isbuiltD.willbuild参考答案：B解析：题干考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语"nextmonth"和动词"open"可知，图书馆将被建造，故用将来时被动语态"willbebuilt"。选项A和D主谓不一致，选项C时态错误，均不符合题意。2.Mysister______cookingdinnerwhenIcamehomeyesterdayevening.A.iscookingB.wascookingC.hascookedD.willcook参考答案：B解析：题干考查过去进行时。根据时间状语"yesterdayevening"和"whenIcamehome"可知，动作发生在过去某个时间点，且是持续性动作，故用过去进行时"wascooking"。选项A和D不符合时间状语，选项C为现在完成时，不符合语境。3.Ifit______finetomorrow,wewillgotothezoo.A.isB.willbeC.areD.were参考答案：A解析：题干考查一般现在时在条件状语从句中的用法。主句"wewillgo"使用一般将来时，从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故用"isfine"。选项B和D时态错误，选项C主谓不一致。4.______youfinishyourhomework,______youcanwatchTV.A.Thesooner,thesoonerB.Morequickly,morequicklyC.Themore,themoreD.Thesooner,themore参考答案：A解析：题干考查"the+比较级...,the+比较级..."句型，表示"越...越..."。根据句意"你完成作业越快，你就能越早看电视"，故用"Thesooner...,thesooner..."。其他选项结构或含义错误。5.Myparents______metostudyhardernextsemester,butIdon’tknowhowtoimprovemyEnglish.A.toldB.tellC.toldmeD.toldmeto参考答案：D解析：题干考查不定式作宾补。动词"tell"后可跟不定式或宾语+不定式，此处"me"是宾语，"tostudyharder"是不定式，故用"toldmeto"。选项A和C缺少宾语，选项B时态错误。6.It’simportantforstudents______theirtimewell.A.tomanageB.manageC.tomanagingD.managed参考答案：A解析：题干考查不定式作主语。动词"beimportantforsb.todosth."结构固定，故用"tomanage"。其他选项结构错误。7.______shearrives,wewillstartthemeeting.A.AssoonasB.UntilC.BeforeD.After参考答案：A解析：题干考查assoonas引导的时间状语从句。表示"一...就..."，符合句意"她一到，我们就会开会"。其他选项含义不符。8.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theyhadfinishedtheirprojects.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what参考答案：C解析：题干考查whether引导宾语从句。动词"ask"后跟宾语从句，"whether"和"if"可互换，但"whether"更正式，且可位于句首。选项B和D引导词错误。9.Mybrother______tojointheschoolbandnextyear,butheisnotgoodatplayingtheguitar.A.hopesB.hopeC.ishopingD.willhope参考答案：A解析：题干考查hope的用法。动词"hope"后跟不定式，主语"mybrother"是第三人称单数，故用"hopes"。其他选项时态或主谓不一致错误。10.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom参考答案：B解析：题干考查that引导定语从句。先行词"thebook"是物，关系代词用"that"或"which"，但"that"在口语和正式文体中更常用。选项C和D指人错误。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Ifyou______(notstudy)hard,youwon’tpasstheexamnextmonth.参考答案：don’tstudy解析：题干考查一般现在时在条件状语从句中的用法。主句用一般将来时"won’tpass"，从句用一般现在时"don’tstudy"。2.Theteachertoldus______(be)quietintheclassroom.参考答案：tobe解析：题干考查tellsb.todosth.结构，意为"告诉某人做某事"。3.______itrainstomorrow,wewillhaveanoutdoorparty.参考答案：If解析：题干考查if引导条件状语从句。4.Sheisthemost______(polite)studentinherclass.参考答案：polite解析：题干考查形容词最高级。空格前是"themost"，需填形容词原形。5.Myparentswouldlikeme______(play)thepiano,butIpreferdrawing.参考答案：toplay解析：题干考查wouldlikesb.todosth.结构。6.Theboy______(play)footballintheparkeveryafternoonlastsummer.参考答案：played解析：题干考查过去进行时。时间状语"lastsummer"和"everyafternoon"表示持续性动作，用过去进行时。7.It’simportant______(save)moneyforthefuture.参考答案：tosave解析：题干考查不定式作主语。动词"beimportanttodosth."结构固定。8.______youfinishyourhomework,______youcanrelax.参考答案：Thesooner,thesooner解析：题干考查"the+比较级...,the+比较级..."句型。9.Thegirl______(wait)forherfriendatthebusstopnow.参考答案：iswaiting解析：题干考查现在进行时。时间状语"now"表示动作正在进行。10.Mybrother______(go)toAmericanextmonthtostudyatauniversity.参考答案：isgoingtogo解析：题干考查将来时。时间状语"nextmonth"和动词"go"表示计划，用begoingtodosth.。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewmoviewillbeshowninourcitynextweek,somanypeoplearelookingforwardtoit.(正确)解析：句意通顺，语法正确，时态和主谓一致均无误。2.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothebeach.(正确)解析：条件状语从句用一般现在时"rains"，主句用一般将来时"won’tgo"，符合语法规则。3.Shetoldmethatshewenttothelibraryyesterday.(错误)解析：宾语从句中"that"不充当任何成分，且从句时态应与主句一致，但此处主句是过去时，从句却用了过去时，不符合一般现在时代替一般过去时的规则。4.Thestudentsarepracticinghowtoplaytheguitarinthemusicroom.(正确)解析：现在进行时"arepracticing"表示动作正在进行，符合语境。5.Mysisterhopestobeadoctorwhenshegrowsup.(正确)解析：hope后跟不定式，时态和主谓一致均正确。6.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,IwilltraveltoJapan.(正确)解析：条件状语从句用一般现在时"have"，主句用一般将来时"willtravel"，符合语法规则。7.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(正确)解析：定语从句中关系代词"that"指代物，且在从句中作主语，符合用法。8.HetoldmethathewasplayingbasketballwhenIcalledhim.(正确)解析：过去进行时"wasplaying"表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，符合语境。9.Theteacheraskedthestudentsiftheyfinishedtheirhomework.(正确)解析：if引导宾语从句，时态和语序均正确。10.Mybrotherisgoingtocookdinnertonight,butheisn’tgoodatcooking.(正确)解析：begoingtodosth.表示计划，时态和主谓一致均无误。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthestructureandusageof"the+比较级...,the+比较级..."inEnglish.参考答案："Thisstructureexpressesalogicalrelationshipbetweentwothings,meaning'themore...,themore...'.Forexample,'Theearlieryouarrive,themoretimeyouhave.'Itisusedtoshowadirectcorrelationbetweentwoincreasingordecreasingqualities.Thefirst'the+比较级'describesonequality,andtheseconddescribestheotherqualityinthesameway."解析：要点包括结构、含义（越...越...）、用法（表示直接关联）、例句和解释。2.Whatisthedifferencebetween"hope"and"wish"?参考答案："Hope"isusedtoexpressadesireforsomethingtohappeninthefuture,anditisusuallyrealistic.Forexample,'Ihopetopasstheexam.'"Wish"isusedtoexpressadesireforsomethingtohappenthatisunlikelyorimpossible.Forexample,'IwishIcouldfly.'Hopeisfollowedbyaninfinitive,whilewishisfollowedbyaninfinitiveorasubject+pasttenseverb."解析：对比两个词的用法、时态、宾语形式和含义差异。3.Howdoyouformapassivevoicesentence?参考答案："Toformapassivevoicesentence,usetheauxiliaryverb'be'+pastparticipleofthemainverb.Forexample,'ThebookisreadbyJohn.'Thestructureis:Subject+be+pastparticiple+(by+agent).Thepassivevoiceisusedwhentheagentisunknownorunimportant."解析：说明被动语态的构成、结构、例句和用法场景。4.Whatisaconditionalsentencetype1?参考答案："Type1conditionalsentenceexpressesarealandpossiblefuturesituation.Thestructureis:If+presentsimple,will+baseverb.Forexample,'Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.'Theifclausedescribesthecondition,andthemainclausedescribestheresult."解析：解释条件句一的结构、含义和例句。5.Howdoyouuse"too...to..."structure?参考答案："Thisstructuremeans'notenoughtodosomething'.Forexample,'Heistootiredtowalkhome.'Thestructureis:Subject+too+adjective/adverb+to+baseverb.Itisusedtoshowinabilityorinsufficientquality."解析：说明too...to...结构的含义、构成和用法。6.Whatisthefunctionof"which"and"that"inrelativeclauses?参考答案："Inrelativeclauses,'which'isusedforthings,and'that'canbeusedforboththingsandpeople.Forexample,'Thebookwhich/thatIboughtisinteresting.''Which'cannotbeusedtostartanon-restrictiveclause,while'that'can.Informalwriting,'which'ispreferredforthings."解析：对比关系代词的用法、适用范围和区别。7.Howdoyouformaquestiontag?参考答案："Aquestiontagisaddedtoastatementtoaskforconfirmation.Ifthestatementispositive,use'don’t...?'or'isn’t...?'.Forexample,'Youaretired,aren’tyou?'Ifthestatementisnegative,use'do...?'or'are...?'.Forexample,'Youaren’ttired,areyou?'Thetagmustmatchtheverbtenseandsubjectofthestatement."解析：说明附加疑问句的构成规则、时态和主谓匹配。8.Whatisthedifferencebetween"so...that..."and"such...that..."?参考答案："So...that..."means"too...to..."andisusedwithadjectives/adverbs.Forexample,'Heissotallthathecanreachthetopshelf.''Such...that...'isusedwithnouns.Forexample,'ThebookissointerestingthatIreaditallnight.''Such'isfollowedbyanoun,while'so'isfollowedbyanadjective/adverb."解析：对比两个句型的结构、用法和例句。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceintopassivevoice:"Thestudentscleanedtheclassroomyesterday."参考答案：Theclassroomwascleanedbythestudentsyesterday.解析：将主动语态改为被动语态，主语"theclassroom"变为被动形式，"cleaned"变为过去分词，"thestudents"移至"by"后。2.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"IfI______(have)enoughmoneynextyear,I______(travel)toEurope."参考答案：have,willtravel解析：条件状语从句用一般现在时"have"，主句用一般将来时"willtravel"。3.Changethefollowingsentenceintoaquestion:"Sheisreadingabooknow."参考答案：Isshereadingabooknow?解析：将陈述句改为一般疑问句，助动词"is"提前，主语"she"移至句首。4.Completethesentencewiththecorrectword:"Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."参考答案：which/that解析：关系代词"which"或"that"指代物"thebook"，在从句中作主语。5.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"too...to...":"Heisnotstrongenoughtoliftthebox."参考答案：Heistooweaktoliftthebox.解析：将"notstrongenough"改为"tooweak"，保持原意不变。6.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Theteachertoldus______(be)quietintheclassroom."参考答案：tobe解析：动词"tell"后跟宾语+不定式，"us"是宾语，故用"tobe"。7.Changethefollowingsentenceintothepassivevoice:"Thestudentswillfinishtheprojectnextweek."参考答案：Theprojectwillbefinishedbythestudentsnextweek.解析：将主动语态改为被动语态，主语"theproject"变为被动形式，"willfinish"变为"willbefinished"，"thestudents"移至"by"后。8.Completethesentencewiththecorrectword:"______itrainstomorrow,wewillhaveanoutdoorparty."参考答案：If解析：if引导条件状语从句，表示"如果"。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.B3.A4.A5.D6.A7.A8.C9.A10.B解析：逐题分析时态、语态、结构、固定搭配等语法点，说明正确选项的依据和错误选项的干扰点。二、填空题1.don’tstudy2.tobe3.If4.polite5.to