机电工程专业英语

Unit

1

The

History

of

CNC

and

NCDevelopmentDialogue1.1Mechatronics1.2Supplementary

Material1.3Dialogue1.1Mechanics

+

ElectronicMechatronics=colleague同事after-sales

services售后服务customer

services客服服务according

to根据What

is

the

term

of

methatronics?Mechatronics

is

the

combination

ofmechanical

engineering,

electronicengineering

and

softwareengineering.The

main

idea

of

the

dialogueMechatronics Mechanics

+

ElectronicTo

know

something

about

a

company.After-sales

service

is

also

key

work

for

a

company.Mechatronics1.2I’m

Pro.Smith.

Before

introducingthe

term

of

Mechatronics,

I’dlike

to

ask

you

two

questions.Text

What

is

the

definition

ofmechatronics?Mechatronics

is

the

combination

of

mechanical

engineering,

electronicengineering

and

software

engineering.What

do

youthink

ofMechatronics?Look!

The

various

fieldsthat

make

upMechatronicsThe

portmanteau

"Mechatronics"

was

firstcoined

by

Mr.

Tetsuro

Mori,

a

seniorengineer

of

the

Japanese

company

Yaskawa,

in

1969.portmanteau混成词coin创造The

advantages

of

usingthe

mechatronicsmodules.Through

collaboration

themechatronic

modules

performthe

production

goals

and

inheritflexible

and

agile

manufacturingproperties

in

the

productionscheme.Describe

the

architecturesmentioned

in

this

passage.The

most

known

architecturesinvolve

hierarchy,

polyarchy,heterarchy

and

hybrid.AssignmentCopy

the

newwords.Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4and

Q5Summary of

MechatronicsMechatronics

is

the

combination

of

mechanicalengineering,

electronic

engineering

and

softwareengineering.

Nowdays

it

is

widely

used

in

the

industrialfileds.Supplementary

Material1.3Let’s

look

at

some

pictures

andthen

try

to

describe

whatintelligent

manufacturingsystem

is.Types

of

CNC

EquipmentVertical

machining

center

（立式加工中心）Horizontal

machining

center（卧式加工中心）Turning

center（车削中心）HomeworkCopy

the

new

words.Understand

the

whole

text

by

thequestions

that

we

referred

in

the

text.Unit

2

Cutting

ToolsDialogue2.1Cutting

Tools2.2Dialogue2.1Job

ApplicationTaking

part

in

an

interviewAre

there

any

vacancies

in

yourfactory?Vacancy

n.空缺；空位What

was

your

major?major

n.

专业My

major

was

mechanical

manufacturing,

andI

think

I

am

good

at

operating

milling

machine.mechanical

manufacturing机械制造milling

machine铣床How

to

take

part

in

an

interview?The

main

idea

of

the

dialogueHow

to

take

part

in

interview?Some

key

words

about

interview.To

know

something

about

milling

machine.Cutting

Tools2.2Today,

I’ll

describe

thedifferent

cutting

tools.Cutting

ToolsMetal

cutting

tools

must

possess

a

variety

of

different

properties

in

order

to

cut

thedifferent

metals

under

varying

conditions

ofseverity.1.

hardness

at

high

temperature.2.

wear

resistance.3.

impact

strength．The

properties

of

cuttingtoolsAll

metal

cutting

tools

begin

to

lose

hardness

when

heatedto

sufficiently

high

temperatures．达到一定高温度时，所有的金属切削刀具便开始软化。What

should

we

care

for

when

we

use

the

cutting

tools?1.Hardness2.Degree3.Selection

of

a

cutting

tool

materialThe

various

materials

from

which

most

metalcutting

tools

are

madeCarbon

tool

steelHigh-speed

steelCast

alloysCemented

carbidesCeramicsDiamondsTool

life，or

the

number

of

parts

produced

by

a

cutting-tool

edge

before

regrinding

is

required，is

a

very

important

cost

factor

in

manufacturing

a

part

or

product.刀具寿命，即切削刀刃在需要重新打磨之前能加工的零件数，是生产某个零件或产品的重要成本因素In

order

to

detect

the

time

when

a

cutting

tool

shouldbe

changed，most

modern

machines

are

equippedwith

indicators

that

show

the

horsepower

used

duringthe

machining

operation．detect------发现

horsepower-----马力Now

let’s

make

asummary

about

what

wehave

learned

in

this

lesson.cutting

toolsdifferent

materials

to

be

used

whenwemake

cutting

tools.(

1

)

Carbon

tool

steel(

2

)

High-speed

steel(

3

)

Cast

alloys(

4

)

Cemented

carbides(

5

)

Ceramics(

6

)

DiamondsUnit

3

Industrial

RobotsDialogue3.1Industrial

Robots3.2In

your

opinion,

what

does

robot

look

like?Dialoguewelcome

to

our

industrial

robot

show.industrial

robot

工业机器人show

展览Comparing

industrial

robots

with

robotsThese

robots

can

do

many

things

for

usTo

handle

materialsTo

spray

paintTo

rescue

people

from

the

fireand

even

help

to

explore

deep

oceans

andouter-space.How

does

robot

work?Robots

are

a

programmable

mechanicalmanipulator.

Being

programmed

withhuman

instructions,

they

can

move

alongseveral

directions

and

do

factory

workusually

done

by

human

beings.Industrial

Robots3.2Industrial

RobotThese

robots

do

not

look

or

behave

like

humanbeings,

but

they

do

the

work

of

humans.一、Definition

of

industrial

robots1Webster’s

dictionarymechanical

deviceoperated

automaticallyperform

in

a

seeminglyhuman

way机械装置自动操作以类人方式工作2The

Robot

Institute

of

America

(RIA)一、Definition

of

industrial

robotsreprogrammable

manipulator可重复编程的操作机designed

to

move

material,……设计用来搬运材料等through

variable

programmed

motions通过各种编程动作3Four

key

wordsprogrammable

manipulatorend-effectorfactory

workstand-alone

operation一、Definition

of

industrial

robotsExercises二、The

makeup

of

industrial

robots操作机manipulator末端执行器

end-effector机座

noumenon行走机构

motion

device腕部

wristthe

most

distal

group

ofjoints臂部

armthe

main

frame二、The

makeup

of

industrial

robots操作机manipulator驱动系统drive

system液压式、气动式电动式、特种式控制系统control

system人工智能系统man-made

aptitude

system感觉系统（硬件）决策、规划系统（软件）backThe

industrial

robot

is

a(),capable

of

moving

along

several

directions,equipped

at

its

end

with

a

device

called

the),

and

performs

()ordinarily

done

by

human

beings,

and

capable

of).pr可og编ra程mma的bl操e

m作an机ipulator(

e末e末n端d-执ef行fe器ctor

f工f工a厂ct作or业y

work(独st立an操d-作alone

operation一、Definition

of

industrial

robotsEnd-EffectorRobot

toola

welding

heada

spray

guna

machining

toola

gripper

containing

on-off

jaws焊头喷枪加工工具可开闭的钳爪GuessUnit

4

CAD

and

CAMCAD

and

Applications4.2Dialogue4.1Dialogue4.1Topic

Introduction:Mr.

Robert,

general

manager

of

Sino-German

Auto

PartsManufacturing

Cooperation,

is

visiting

the

training

centerand

CAD/CAM

lab

of

a

school.Welcome

to

our

schoolScheduleintroduce

each

othervisitthe

training

centervisit

the

CAD/CAM

labintroduce

each

otherMr.

Jiangdean

of

the

electromechanical

departmentMr.

Robertgeneral

manager

of

Sino-German

Auto

PartsManufacturing

CooperationMr.

Jinmanager

of

the

personnel

departmentvisit

the

training

centerlook

at

the

equipmentNC

lathe

with

a

MITSUBISHI

M50

L

NC

system

of

JapaneseNC

milling

machine

with

an

FANUC

systemvisit

the

training

centerask

students

to

operate

the

Machining

Centervisit

the

CAD/CAM

labconfiguration

of

computersPentium

58664-128M

MemoryAutoCAD,Master

CAM

,

EDA

and

PLC

softwarePro-engineer

in

teacher’

computerMulti-media

(

big-screen

projectionvisit

the

CAD/CAM

lablessons

given

in

the

computer

roomcomputer

fundamentals

and

applicationsCAD/CAMNumerical

ProgrammingEDAPLCComputer

NetworksE-commerceConsolidationgeneral

managerpersonnel

departmentelectromechanical

integrationbe

good

at

operationsbe

rich

in

practical

experienceCAD

intermediate总经理人事部机电一体化擅长操作实践经验丰富CAD中级AssignmentPerform

the

dialogue.Recite

the

words

andphrases.CAD

and

Applications4.2Teaching

Aim:

To

make

the

students

know

the

developmenthistory

of

CAD.

To

learn

about

three-dimensional

solidmodeling

and

application

of

CAD.brief

history

of

CADCAD

is

a

product

of

the

computer

era.It

originated

from

early

computer

graphic

systems

tothe

development

of

interactive

computer

graphics.CAD是计算机时代的产品。它从早期的计算机绘图系统发展到现在的交互式计算机图形学。in

the

beginningCAD

systems

were

no

more

than

a

graphics

editor

withsome

built-in

design

symbols.the

1970sthe

invention

of

three-dimensional

solid

modelingmarked

the

beginning

of

a

new

era

in

CAD

.三维实体建模的发明标志着CAD一个新时代的开始。application

of

CADCAD

implementations

on

personal

computer

(

PCs

)

havebrought

CAD

to

the

masses.在个人计算机上，CAD已经走向大众化。PracticeCADAPT个人计算机线框计算机辅助设计自动编程语言personal

computerwire-frameAssignmentRecite

some

key

wordsand

phrases.Unit

5Heat

Treatment

of

SteelsDialogue5.1Heat

Treatment

of

Steels5.2Dialogue5.1Do

you

know

heat

treatment?How

many

types

of

heat

treatmentare

there?Heat

treatment

is

a

method

by

which

theheat

treatment

can

change

the

physicalproperties

of

a

material.There

are

four

main

operations:annealingnormalizinghardeningtemperingWhat

is

critical

temperature?It

is

the

temperature

at

which

a

certain

change

takesplace

in

the

physical

condition

of

the

steel.PracticeRead

the

dialogue

again

and

translate

someimportant

sentences.Heat

Treatment

of

Steels8.2Discuss

“Heat

Treatment

of

Steels”the

heating

and

cooling

operations

performed

ona

metal

for

the

purpose

of

altering

suchcharacteristics

ashardnessstrengthductilityAtool

steel

intended

to

be

machinedintoapunch

may

first

be

softened

sothat

it

can

be

machined．要想把一块工具钢加工成一只冲头，可先使其变软，以便能进行机械加工When

a

steel

part

is

to

be

either

hardened

or

softened

,

its

temperature

must

be

taken

above

the

critical

temperature

line；Temperature50--100When

the

heating

time

is

completed，the

steel

must

be

cooled

downto

room

temperature．room

temperature常温，室温Annealing

leaves

the

steel

in

the

softest

possible

condition(dead

soft)．dead

soft极软AssignmentFinish

the

exercises

II,III.Recite

some

key

phrases.Unit

6Properties

of

MaterialsDialogue6.1Properties

of

Materials6.2Dialogue6.1Welcome

to

our

factory!In

what

area

is

basic

stretch

forming

mainly

used?Basic

industrial

stretch

forming

is

used

mainly

in

theaircraft

industry?what

are

advantages

of

stretch

draw

forming?The

advantages

of

this

process

are

the

lack

of

spring-backin

the

finished

part,

the

utilization

of

a

single

action

pressWhat

is

the

classical

disadvantage?Stretch

draw

forming

is

applied

only

to

certain

panel

designProperties

of

Materials6.2What

are

the

physical

properties

of

amaterial??The

physical

properties

of

a

materialcolor，density，specific

heat，coefficient

ofthermal

expansion，thermal

and

electricalconductivity，magnetic

properties，andmelting

point．What

are

the

mechanical

properties

of

amaterial?Mechanical

properties

fall

into

five

broadcategories：StrengthHardnessElasticityDuctilityToughness(1)Strength

is

the

ability

of

a

material

toresist

penetration

and

abrasion．(2)Hardness

is

the

ability

of

a

material

toresist

penetration

and

abrasion．Elasticity

is

the

ability

to

spring

back

tooriginal

shape．Ductility

is

the

ability

to

undergo

permanentchanges

of

shape

without

rupturing．(5)Toughness

is

the

ability

to

absorbmechanically

applied

energy．AssignmentRecite

some

key

wordsand

phrases.Unit

7

What

Manufacturing

IsAll

About?Dialogue7.1What

Is

Manufacturing?7.2Dialogue7.1We’ve

been

to

the

automatic

factory.Do

you

remember

what

it

likes?Automatic

FactoryThere

are

no

people

working

at

all.All

the

parts

are

made

by

automatic

machines.All

machines

are

moved

by

automaticmaterials-handing

equipment.All

assembly

work

is

also

done

on

an

automaticassembly

line.The

quality

control

is

checked

automatically.the

assembly

lineAll

the

assembly

work

is

done

automatically

withnobody

working

inside.Everything

here

is

done

automatically.Even

the

quality

control

is

done

automatically.Why

is

there

no

light

inthe

workshop?Most

machines

don’t

needlight

for

their

work.They

don’t

needcomfortable

temperature.How

can

all

this

be

made

possible?It

is

the

computer

that

has

made

it

possible.Teaching

Aim:To

make

the

students

understand

the

definition,effect

and

importance

of

manufacturing.What

Is

Manufacturing?7.2screwsuitcasepianoblue

jeanschairLight

bulbsManufactured

products

are

all

round

us.Effect

of

manufacturingWhat

will

our

life

be

without

manufacturing?have

no

bicycle

to

ridehave

no

television

to

watchhave

no

sneakers

to

wearThere

would

be

no

clothes,

no

furniture,no

airplanes,

even

the

lifesaving

devicessuch

as

artificial

hearts.Definition

of

manufacturingManufacturing

is

making

products.Making

parts

and

putting

them

togetheris

manufacturing.Unit

8

The

Advantages

and

Disadvantages

of

CNCDialogue8.18.2

The

Advantages

and

Disadvantages

of

CNCDialogue8.1Welcome

to

ourfactory!CNC

machine

toolsCNC

lathesCNC

millersCNC

machining

centerCNC

lathes数控车床CNC

millers

数控磨床CNC

machining

center数控加工中心How

to

operate

CNC

tools?It

is

not

very

difficult,

if

we

are

diligent

inThe

Advantages

and

Disadvantages

of

CNCMachines8.2How

many

advantages

of

CNCmachines

are

there?There

are

six

advantages.The

best

advantage

of

CNC

machines

isProduction

is

significantly

increasedconventionalprofileconventional

machine普通的；常规的外形；轮廓常规机床what

are

the

disadvantages

ofCNC

machine?They

are

quite

expensive．They

have

to

be

programmed，set

up，operated，and

maintained

by

highly

skilledpersonnel．which

enables

them

to

answer

the

increasinglystrong

requirements

for

production

speed

andquality

that

competitive

markets

demandproduction

speed

生产速度markets

demand市场需求OralIndividualWr

ten

&

CollectiveRetell

thewhole

textWrite

a

groupreport

on

CNC

machineORUnit

9

Introduction

to

PLCIntroduction

to

PLC9.2Dialogue9.1Dialogue9.1Topic

Introduction:Tom

and

Mary

are

visiting

an

line

of

computer

integratedmanufacturing.

They

want

to

get

some

information

aboutCIM.CIM=Computer

Integrated

ManufacturingKey

Questions:1.

What

does

the

word

“integrated”

mean

in

thephrase

CIM?In

the

phrase

“computer-integrated

manufacturing”,“integrated”

may

be

used

to

mean

“

all

themanufacturing

activities

are

made

into

a

whole

system.”That

is,all

the

manufacturing

activities,including

rawmaterial

handling（材料搬运）,production

planning（生产计划）,production

of

parts

and

components（元器件的生

产）,assembly（装配）

,quality-inspection（质量检测）,and

so

on,are

controlled

and

integrated

by

a

computersystem.Key

Questions:2.

Can

you

tell

the

difference

of

“inventory”,“inventor”,

and

“invention”?“

Inventory”

means

a

detailed

list

of

articles,

or

theamount

of

stock

which

are

named

in

the

inventory,

theword

“inventor”

means

a

person

who

has

inventedsomething,

and

the

word

“invention”,

the

action

that

aninventor

has

taken,

or

the

thing

that

the

inventor

hasinvented.Important

words

and

phrases:inventor发明人invention发明inventory详细目录，财产清单，存货，库存量计算机辅助设计computer

assisted

design计算机辅助工程

computer

assisted

engineering计算机辅助生产计划computer

assisted

production

planningAssignmentPreview

the

text:Introduction

to

PLCIntroduction

to

PLC9.2Teaching

Aim:

To

understand

the

history,

application

andarchitecture

of

PLC.

To

remember

some

important

words

andphrases.Hi~

everyone!Unit

9IntroductiontoPLC可编程逻辑控制器MechanicalControl机械控制Pneumatic

Control气动控制ElectromechanicalControl机电控制ElectronicControl电子控制Computer

Control计算机控制PLC可编程控制机械控制包含有凸轮和调速器，尽管它们曾用于对非常复杂机器的控制，也比较经济，但现在它们仅仅用于简单的固定循环控制中。一些自动机床，如攻螺纹机床，仍旧使用基于凸轮的控制。机械控制的缺点是装置制造较困难而且容易磨损。Mechanical

Control机械控制气动控制对于某些应用仍很流行。它利用压缩空气、阀门及开关构成简单的控制逻辑，但它的速度相对较慢。由于采用标准件构成控制逻辑，因此它比一个机械控制装置更易于加工制造。气动控制元件同样易于磨损。ControlPneumatic气动控制正像机械控制那样，机电控制也使用开关、继电器、定时器、计时器等构成控制逻辑，因为采用了电流来控制，所以它更快、更灵活。使用机电控制的控制器称为继电器装置。Electromechanical

Control机电控制除了将机电控制装置中的机电控制元件用触点开关代替外，电子控制类似于机电控制，控制速度更快且更可靠。ElectronicControl电子控制计算机控制是最普通的控制系统。其控制逻辑是使用软件将其程序化后存入计算机内存中。它不仅用于机床及制造系统控制，而且也可用于数据通信。具有庞大计算量的非常复杂的控制策略也能被程序化。首先要解决与外界的连接。在控制电路内部计算机使用低电压和小电流，机床的外部电路则需要高电压和大电流，接口不仅要进行不同电压转换，而且必须对车间中通常存在的电噪声加以过滤。这种接口对不同应用来说也必须是用户定做的。Computer

Control计算机控制Practice

11.

What

is

PLC?Wh2.aWhtat

airesthePadLdvaCntages

of

PL?C?3.

What

are

the

main

parts

made

up

ofprogrammable

controllers?Practice

2relay

devicemanufacturing

facilitydigital

processingexpansion

slotmemory

speedbasic

componentladder

diagram电气兼容性内存速度制造设备软件编程基本部件梯形图继电器electrical

compatibility

数字化处理wiring

layout

布线software

programming

扩展槽Practice

3Programmable

logic

controllers

(PLCs)

were

first

introduced 1968in

1978

as

a

substitute

for

hardwired

relay

panels.Like

a

general-purpose

computer,

a

programmable

controller fiveconsists

of

six

major

parts.Programmable

logic

controllers

replace

most

of

this

wiring by

software

programming.

PLCs

are

widely

accepted

in

industry

for

controlling

froma

single

device

to

a

complex

manufacturing

facility.Group

PresentationGroup1:

Retell

the

general

idea

andhistory

of

PLCGroup2:

Try

to

describe

a

PLC

panelGroup3:

Deal

with

the

architecture

of

PLCFP1

C16

Control

Panel1.CD/DC

Power

InputCD/DC电源输入Mode

Select模式选择Output输出I/O

Expansion

Slots输入/输出扩展槽I/O

Status

LED输入/输出LED状态Label标签Input输入DC

Power

Output直流电源输出Programmable

Interface编程接口Adjustable

Input可调节输入11.

PLC

Status

LEDPLC

LED状态Programmable

Controller

ArchitectureInput

CPUMemoryOutputPowerSupplyPeripheralsOralIndividualWr

ten

&

CollectiveRetell

the

wholetextWrite

a

groupreport

oncontrol

devicesORUnit

10

Automatic

Control

SystemsDialogue10.1Automatic

Control

Systems10.2Dialogue10.1I’m

Prof.

Andrew.I’ll

give

a

talk

on

CIM.CIMComputer

Integrated

ManufacturingWhat

does

the

word

“integrated”

mean?What

is

the

meaning

of

CIM(

Computer

Integrated

Manufacturing

)?The

word

“integrated”

as

an

adjective

here

means“entire

or

whole

or

comprehensive.”The

phrases

CIM

means

the

manufacturing

process

beingcontrolled

by

a

computer

system

as

a

whole.That

is

,

a

computer

can

be

used

as

a

controller

ofeverything

in

manufacturing.Why

do

we

have

to

use

such

a

system?What

is

the

aim

of

CIM’

s

use?The

aim

of

its

use

is

first

of

all

to

manufacture

products

moreefficiently.A

manufacturer

has

to

produce

the

best

product

at

the

lowest

cost

in

order

to

compete

with

others.

(

The

aim

of

its

use

is

first

of

allto

manufacture

products

more

efficiently.A

manufacturer

has

to

try

their

best

to

make

their

products

ofhigh

volume,

large

variety

but

at

low

costs.)How

can

computer

help

them

to

achieve

the

goal?Computer

can

help

them

almost

in

every

way.That

is,

there

will

be

a

thoroughly

computer-integrated

manufacturing

system.Why

do

we

choose

CIM?Need

for

flexibilityTo

stay

competitive,

manufacturers

need

to

be

flexible.They

must

be

able

to

adapt

to

changing

markets

and

maketheir

products

changes

quickly

and

easily.Volume/varietyProducts

changesGenerally

there

are

two

reasons

for

doing

this:

designand

engineering

changes.4).correctionsAssignmentRead

the

dialogue

andanswer

questions;Preview

the

text

of

unit

9.Automatic

Control

Systems10.2Teaching

Aim:To

learn

about

open

system

and

closed

system.To

learn

about

the

advantages

and

bright

future

of automatic

control

systems.Automatic

control

systemopen

systemclosed

systemDifference

between

the

two

systemsIn

the

open

system,

the

output

of

the

process

has

noeffect

upon

the

input

to

the

process.在开环系统中，过程的输出量对于输入量无影响。In

the

closed

system,

the

energy

input

to

the

system

issome

function

of

the

output

itself.This

effect

is

commonly

termed

feedback;

hence

the

systemis

a

feedback

control

system,在闭环系统中，输入量是输出量的函数。这种影响通常称之为反馈，故闭环系统就是个反馈系统。Advantage

of

automatic

control

systemAutomatic

controllers

have

performed

great

functions

inindustry.They

have

made

it

possible

to

produce

a

more

uniform

qualityof

product.Because

they

are

on

the

job

100

percent

of

the

time,

whereasa

human

operator

finds

it

necessary

to

take

rest

and

finds

itdifficult

to

remain

alert

on

repetitious

jobs.It

need

not

rest

and

would

not

become

tired.Bright

future

of

automatic

system

in

applicationThe

workers

and

technicians

of

our

country

have

designedand

made

various

automatic

devices,

which

have

made

itpossible

to

increase

production,

to

reduce

production

costsand

to

secure

the

safety

of

operating

workers.Furthermore,

with

the

wide-spread

application

of

automaticcontrollers,

more

and

more

workers

are

free

from

routineoperations

and

they

can

concentrate

on

production

inbreadth

and

depth.PracticeTranslate

the

following

sentences

into

Chinese.In

the

open

system,

the

output

of

the

process

has

no

effect

upon

theinput

to

the

process.在开环系统中，过程的输出量对于输入量无影响。The

closed

system

is

used

in

every

completely

automatic

controlapplication.闭环系统则在每一个完善的自动控制中得到应用。Automatic

controllers

have

performed

great

functions

in

industry.自动控制器在工业上起着重大的作用。AssignmentRecite

some

words

and

translatesome

sentences

into

Chinese.Unit

11

Mold

TechnologyDialogue11.1Mold

Technology11.2Dialogue11.1Miss

LiTomDo

you

know

about

the

kinds

ofsteels?carbon

steelalloy

steelNameElementsUsagecarbon

steelironcarbonbolts,

toolsworkingparts

ofmachinesalloy

steelnickelchromiumgears,bearings,springswiresMold

Technology11.2What

are

the

main

plastic

mold

materialsin

mold

manufacturing?paper

matchplastermetal纸梗火柴塑料金属It

is

interesting

in

this

regard

that，in

many

cases，the

selection

of

the

mold

material

is

not

only

a

question

ofmaterial

properties

and

an

optimum

price-to-performanceratio

but

also

that

the

methods

used

to

produce

the

mold，and

thus

the

entire

design

can

be

influenced.在许多情况下，选择哪种模具材料不仅要考虑材料的特性和最佳的性价比，还要考虑模具的制造方法，因为他们影响整体设计。A

typical

example

can

be

seen

in

the

choice

between

castmetal

molds，with

their

very

different

cooling

systems，compared

to

machined

molds．In

addition，the

productiontechnique

can

also

have

an

effect；for

instance，it

is

oftenreported

that，for

the

sake

of

simplicity，a

prototype

mold

isfrequently

machined

from

solid

stock

with

the

aid

of

the

latesttechnology

such

as

computer-aided

design

(CAD)

andcomputer-integrated

manufacturing

(CIM)．一个典型的例子，铸造金属模和机械模的冷却系统区别很大，另外生产技术也有影响：例如，经常报道，为简单起见，固态胚料常用像计算机辅助设计和计算机一体化制造这样的最新技术制造成原型模具。In

contrast

to

the

previously

used

methods

based

onthe

use

of

patterns，the

use

of

CAD

and

CIM

oftenrepresents

the

more

economical

solution

today，not

onlybecause

this

production

capability

is

available

in-house

butalso

because

with

any

other

technique

an

order

would

haveto

be

placed

with

an

outside

supplier.与以前制造模型的方法相比，CAD和CAM的应用代表了当今更为经济的制造方法，不仅因为内部生产能力可以利用，而且因为若采用其他工艺