2026年人教版高二英语第2单元词汇巩固习题

2026年人教版高二英语第2单元词汇巩固习题1.Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestoimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents,especiallyintermsofairpollution.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheconditionoftheairinthiscontext?A.FreshB.PurerC.PollutedD.Humid2.Inthearticle"ProtectingEndangeredSpecies,"theauthoremphasizestheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity.Whatdoesthistermrefertointheecosystem?A.ThevarietyofplantspeciesB.ThenumberofanimalsinahabitatC.ThegeneticdifferenceswithinspeciesD.Theclimatechangeeffects3.Duringtheschooldebatecompetition,theteamarguedthatglobalwarmingisamoreurgentissuethanlocalpollution.Whichsentencebestexplainsthedifferencebetweenthesetwoproblems?A.Globalwarmingaffectsonlycoastalcities.B.Localpollutioniscausedbyindustrialfactories.C.Globalwarminghaslong-termconsequencesfortheentireplanet.D.Localpollutionismorevisiblethanglobalwarming.4.Theenvironmentalistorganizationlaunchedacampaigntoreduceplasticwaste,whichisamajorthreattomarinelife.Whatistheprimarypurposeofsuchacampaign?A.Toincreasetheproductionofplasticproducts.B.Toencouragerecyclingandreuseofplastics.C.Tobanallplasticmaterialsworldwide.D.Tostudytheimpactofplasticonhumanhealth.5.Intheunit"SustainableDevelopment,"studentslearnedabouttheconceptofrenewableenergy.Whichofthefollowingenergysourcesisconsideredrenewable?A.CoalB.NaturalgasC.SolarpowerD.Nuclearenergy6.Thedocumentary"ThePlasticOcean"highlightstheproblemofmicroplasticsinseawater.Whataremicroplastics?A.Largeplasticbottlesfloatingintheocean.B.Tinyplasticparticleslessthan5millimetersinsize.C.Biodegradableplasticmaterials.D.Recycledplasticproducts.7.Theunit"EnvironmentalProtection"introducestheideaofcarbonfootprint.Whichactivitywouldreduceaperson'scarbonfootprint?A.Usingacarinsteadofpublictransportation.B.Burningfossilfuelsforheating.C.Plantingtreesandusingrenewableenergy.D.Eatingmeatdaily.8.Thearticle"GreenCities"discusseshowurbanplanningcanhelpreduceurbansprawl.Whatisurbansprawl?A.Thegrowthofcitiesinacontrolledmanner.B.Theexpansionofcitiesintosurroundingruralareas.C.Thereductionofcitypopulations.D.Theconstructionofskyscrapersinthecitycenter.9.Theunit"ClimateChange"explainstheroleofgreenhousegasesinglobalwarming.Whichgasismostresponsibleforthisphenomenon?A.OxygenB.NitrogenC.CarbondioxideD.Helium10.Theenvironmentalproject"ZeroWasteSchool"aimstoreducewastegeneration.Whichofthefollowingactionsbestsupportsthisgoal?A.Throwingalltrashinlandfills.B.Compostingorganicwaste.C.Usingdisposablecutlery.D.Buyingproductswithexcessivepackaging.1.Thegovernmentimplementedstrictregulationstoreduceairpollutioninmajorcities.2.Theunitfocusesontheimportanceofconservingwaterindailylife.3.Deforestationleadstolossofbiodiversityandcontributestoclimatechange.4.Thescientiststudiedtheeffectsofglobalwarmingonpolaricecaps.5.Recyclinghelpsinreducingtheamountofwastesenttolandfills.6.Theorganizationadvocatesfortheuseofrenewableenergytocombatclimatechange.7.Microplasticsareasignificantthreattomarineecosystems.8.Thereporthighlightstheneedtoreducecarbonemissionstoslowglobalwarming.9.Urbansprawlcanleadtoincreasedpollutionandresourcedepletion.10.Theprojectaimstopromotesustainablelivingamongstudents.1.Airpollutionisprimarilycausedbynaturalfactorssuchasvolcaniceruptions.(×)2.Biologicaldiversityisessentialforthestabilityofecosystems.(√)3.Globalwarmingisnotaseriousissuecomparedtolocalpollution.(×)4.Plasticwasteisharmlesstomarinelifeifproperlydisposedof.(×)5.Renewableenergysourcesaresustainableanddonotdepleteovertime.(√)6.Microplasticsarevisibletothenakedeyeandeasilyremovablefromtheocean.(×)7.Carbonfootprintmeasurestheamountofwasteapersonproduces.(×)8.Urbansprawlhelpsinreducingtrafficcongestionincities.(×)9.Greenhousegaseslikecarbondioxidedonotcontributetoglobalwarming.(×)10.Zerowastemeanscompletelyeliminatingalltypesofwaste.(×)1.Explaintheterm"airpollution"anditsimpactonhumanhealth.2.Describetheconceptof"biologicaldiversity"andwhyitisimportant.3.Howdoes"globalwarming"affectpolaricecaps?4.Whatarethebenefitsof"reducingplasticwaste"?5.Discusstheroleof"renewableenergy"inenvironmentalprotection.6.Whatare"microplastics,"andwhyaretheyharmfultomarinelife?7.Howcanindividualsreducetheir"carbonfootprint"?8.Explaintheterm"urbansprawl"anditsenvironmentalconsequences.1.Supposeyouareastudentleader.Writeashortspeech(50words)encouragingyourclassmatestoparticipateina"Reduce,Reuse,Recycle"campaign.2.Imagineyouarewritinganarticleabout"sustainablecities."Listthreekeymeasurescitiescantaketobecomemoresustainable.3.Describehow"globalwarming"affectsagricultureandwhatfarmerscandotoadapt.4.Explainthedifferencebetween"renewableenergy"and"non-renewableenergy"inaparagraphof60words.5.Writeashortparagraph(40words)explainingwhy"biologicaldiversity"iscrucialforecosystembalance.6.Supposeyouareplanningaschooleventtoraiseawarenessabout"plasticpollution."Whatactivitieswouldyouinclude,andwhy?7.Describetheconceptofa"carbonfootprint"andhowitrelatestopersonallifestylechoices.8.Writeashortparagraph(50words)explaininghow"urbansprawl"canleadtoincreasedpollutionandresourcedepletion.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.C.Polluted解析：题干提到政府采取措施改善居民生活质量，特别是空气质量问题，因此"Polluted"（污染的）最符合语境。其他选项如"Fresh"（新鲜的）与题意相反。2.C.Thegeneticdifferenceswithinspecies解析：文章强调"biologicaldiversity"（生物多样性），指物种内部的遗传差异，这是生态系统中最重要的组成部分。其他选项如"plantspecies"（植物种类）或"animals"（动物数量）只是多样性的一部分。3.C.Globalwarminghaslong-termconsequencesfortheentireplanet.解析：全球变暖是影响整个地球的长期问题，而局部污染仅限于特定区域。选项A和B描述不准确，选项D混淆了问题的严重性。4.B.Toencouragerecyclingandreuseofplastics解析：减少塑料垃圾的主要目的是鼓励回收和重复使用，以减少环境污染。其他选项如"banallplasticmaterials"（禁止所有塑料）过于极端。5.C.Solarpower解析：太阳能是可再生能源，可以持续利用而不枯竭。其他选项如"coal"（煤炭）或"naturalgas"（天然气）是不可再生能源。6.B.Tinyplasticparticleslessthan5millimetersinsize解析：微塑料是小于5毫米的微小塑料颗粒，难以从海洋中清除。其他选项如"largeplasticbottles"（大塑料瓶）或"biodegradableplastics"（可生物降解塑料）描述不准确。7.C.Plantingtreesandusingrenewableenergy解析：植树和使用可再生能源可以减少个人碳足迹。其他选项如"usingacar"（开车）或"burningfossilfuels"（燃烧化石燃料）会增加碳足迹。8.B.Theexpansionofcitiesintosurroundingruralareas解析：城市蔓延指城市向周边农村地区扩张，导致土地和资源消耗。其他选项如"controlledurbangrowth"（控制城市增长）与题意相反。9.C.Carbondioxide解析：温室气体中最主要的是二氧化碳，它吸收热量导致全球变暖。其他选项如"oxygen"（氧气）或"nitrogen"（氮气）无此作用。10.B.Compostingorganicwaste解析：堆肥有机废物可以减少垃圾产生。其他选项如"throwingtrashinlandfills"（扔垃圾到填埋场）或"usingdisposablecutlery"（使用一次性餐具）会增加废物。二、填空题1.reduceairpollution解析：题干描述政府采取措施改善空气质量，因此"reduceairpollution"（减少空气污染）符合语境。2.conservewater解析：单元主题强调节约用水的重要性，因此"conservewater"（节约用水）是正确答案。3.deforestation解析：森林砍伐导致生物多样性丧失和气候变化，因此"deforestation"（森林砍伐）是正确答案。4.globalwarming解析：科学家研究全球变暖对极地冰盖的影响，因此"globalwarming"（全球变暖）是正确答案。5.recycling解析：减少垃圾填埋量的方法是回收利用，因此"recycling"（回收利用）是正确答案。6.renewableenergy解析：组织倡导使用可再生能源对抗气候变化，因此"renewableenergy"（可再生能源）是正确答案。7.microplastics解析：微塑料对海洋生态系统构成威胁，因此"microplastics"（微塑料）是正确答案。8.reducecarbonemissions解析：报告强调减少碳排放以减缓全球变暖，因此"reducecarbonemissions"（减少碳排放）是正确答案。9.urbansprawl解析：城市蔓延导致污染和资源消耗，因此"urbansprawl"（城市蔓延）是正确答案。10.promotesustainableliving解析：项目旨在推广可持续生活方式，因此"promotesustainableliving"（推广可持续生活）是正确答案。三、判断题1.×解析：空气污染主要由人类活动如工业排放和汽车尾气引起，而非自然因素。2.√解析：生物多样性对生态系统稳定至关重要，缺乏多样性会导致生态失衡。3.×解析：全球变暖比局部污染更严重，因为它影响全球气候。4.×解析：塑料垃圾对海洋生物有害，即使正确处理也会造成污染。5.√解析：可再生能源如太阳能可以持续利用，不会枯竭。6.×解析：微塑料肉眼难以看见，难以清除。7.×解析：碳足迹衡量个人活动产生的温室气体量，而非废物量。8.×解析：城市蔓延导致交通拥堵和资源浪费。9.×解析：温室气体如二氧化碳加剧全球变暖。10.×解析：零废物指最大限度减少废物产生，而非完全消除。四、简答题1.Airpollutionreferstothepresenceofharmfulsubstancesintheair,suchaspollutantsfromfactoriesandvehicles.Itcancauserespiratorydiseases,allergies,andotherhealthproblems.解析：空气污染指有害物质存在于空气中，如工厂和车辆的污染物。它会导致呼吸系统疾病、过敏等健康问题。2.Biologicaldiversityisthevarietyoflifeformsinanecosystem,includingplants,animals,andmicroorganisms.Itisimportantbecauseitensuresecosystemstabilityandprovidesresourcesforhumans.解析：生物多样性指生态系统中生命形式的多样性，包括植物、动物和微生物。它很重要，因为确保生态系统稳定并为人提供资源。3.Globalwarmingcausespolaricecapstomeltduetoincreasedtemperatures.Thisleadstorisingsealevels,whichthreatencoastalcommunitiesandecosystems.解析：全球变暖导致极地冰盖因温度升高而融化，引发海平面上升，威胁沿海社区和生态系统。4.Reducingplasticwastehelpsprotecttheenvironmentbydecreasingpollution,savingresources,andreducingwasteinlandfills.解析：减少塑料垃圾通过减少污染、节约资源和减少填埋场废物来保护环境。5.Renewableenergy,suchassolarandwindpower,reducesrelianceonfossilfuelsandlowersgreenhousegasemissions,contributingtoenvironmentalprotection.解析：可再生能源如太阳能和风能减少对化石燃料的依赖，降低温室气体排放，有助于环境保护。6.Microplasticsaretinyplasticparticlesfromproductsliketoothpasteandsyntheticfabrics.Theyharmmarinelifebybeingingestedandcausingphysicalharmorpoisoning.解析：微塑料来自牙膏和合成织物等产品，通过被海洋生物吞食造成物理伤害或中毒。7.Individualscanreducetheircarbonfootprintbyusingpublictransportation,conservingenergy,plantingtrees,andeatinglessmeat.解析：个人可以通过乘坐公共交通、节约能源、植树和减少肉类消费来减少碳足迹。8.Urbansprawlreferstotheuncontrolledexpansionofcities,leadingtoincreasedpollution,lossofgreenspaces,andhigherinfrastructurecosts.解析：城市蔓延指城市无控制扩张，导致污染增加、绿地丧失和基础设施成本上升。五、应用题1."Ladiesandgentlemen,todayIcalloneveryonetojoinour'Reduce,Reuse,Recycle'campaign.Byreducingwaste,reusingitems,andrecyclingproperly,wecanprotectourplanet.Let'stakeactionnow!"解析：演讲鼓励同学参与活动，强调减少、重复使用和正确回收的重要性。2.Sustainablecitiescanimplementgreenbuildings,publictransportation,an