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-2026年云南考研英语(真题)及答案PartIMultipleChoice(50points)(1)______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.()ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案:B解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是thesouthfootofthemountain(山南麓),它与动词see之间是被动关系(山南麓被看),因此应使用过去分词Seen作状语,表示被动和完成。若选Seeing,则暗示主语是人,与后半句主语不一致,造成悬垂修饰错误。故选B。(2)Bythetimeyouarriveatthestation,thetrain______.()AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleft答案:C解析:考查时态。句意:当你到达车站时,火车已经开走了。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句中,如果从句使用一般现在时(arrive)表示将来,主句通常使用将来完成时(willhavedone),表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。因此选C。(3)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____passedtheexam.()AhaveBhasCareDwere答案:B解析:本题考查定语从句的主谓一致。当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词通常与先行词(one)保持一致,用单数。此处先行词是theonlyone,故从句谓语用has。故选B。(4)______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.()ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案:B解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语是thesouthfootofthemountain,它与动词see之间是被动关系(山脚被看),因此应用过去分词Seen作状语,表示被动和完成。A、C、D均表示主动关系,不符合语境。故选B。(5)Bythetimehearrivesattheairport,theplane______.()AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleaves答案:C解析:考查时态。'Bythetime'引导的时间状语从句中,如果从句使用一般现在时(arrives)表示将来,主句通常使用将来完成时(willhavedone),表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。句意:当他到达机场时,飞机已经起飞了。故选C。(6)Iregret______youthatyourapplicationhasbeenrejected.()AtotellBtellingCtellDtold答案:A解析:本题考查非谓语动词。regrettodosth.表示“遗憾地要做某事”(通常指即将发生的事);regretdoingsth.表示“后悔做过某事”(指已经发生的事)。句意为“我遗憾地通知你,你的申请被拒绝了”,这是即将发生的动作,故用不定式totell。故选A。(7)______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.()ASeeingBSeenCHavingseenDTosee答案:B解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语是thesouthfootofthemountain(山南麓),它与动词see之间是被动关系(即“从塔顶看,山南麓是被看的对象”),因此应用过去分词Seen表被动和完成。若选ASeeing,则意味着山南麓发出了“看”的动作,逻辑不通。(8)______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.()ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案:B解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:从塔顶看去,山的南麓是一片树的海洋。解析步骤:1.逻辑主语判断:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。本句的主语是"thesouthfootofthemountain"(山的南麓)。2.主动与被动关系:分析动词"see"(看)与主语"thesouthfootofthemountain"之间的关系。山脚是被看的对象,而不是发出“看”这个动作的主体。因此,二者之间是被动关系。3.形式选择:-A项Seeing和D项Havingseen均表示主动关系,逻辑不通(山脚不能自己看)。-C项Tosee通常表示目的或将来,且多为主动,不符。-B项Seen是过去分词,表示被动和完成,符合语境,相当于"Whenitisseenfrom..."。因此,为B。(9)Thenumberofstudentsinourclass____increasedby20%thisyear.()AhaveBhasCareDwere答案:B解析:本题考查主谓一致。'Thenumberof+复数名词'作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词应用单数形式;而'Anumberof+复数名词'意为“许多”,谓语动词用复数。此处指“学生的数量”,故用单数has。(10)Themanagerdemandedthatalltheemployees______atthemeetingontime.()AareBwereCbeDwillbe答案:C解析:考查虚拟语气。在demand,suggest,order,insist,command,require等表示“命令、建议、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词需使用虚拟语气,即'(should)+动词原形',其中should可以省略。句意:经理要求所有员工准时参加会议。故选C。(11)Nosoonerhadhearrivedhome______itbegantorainheavily.()AwhenBthanCthenDand答案:B解析:考查固定搭配。"Nosooner...than..."是固定搭配,意为“一……就……”。当Nosooner位于句首时,主句需使用部分倒装结构(hadhearrived)。than引导时间状语从句。故选B。(12)Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______50,andanumberofthem______fromthecountryside.()Ais;areBare;isCis;isDare;are答案:A解析:考查主谓一致。'Thenumberof...'意为“……的数量”,中心词是number,谓语动词用单数is;'anumberof...'意为“许多……”,修饰复数名词,谓语动词用复数are。(13)Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextMonday.()AwillbepostponedBwouldbepostponedCbepostponedDispostponed答案:C解析:考查虚拟语气。在suggest,advise,order,demand,require,request,insist,command等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。此处meeting与postpone之间是被动关系,故用(should)bepostponed。因此选C。(14)Themanager,alongwithhisassistants,______planningtoattendtheconferencenextweek.()AisBareCwasDwere答案:A解析:本题考查主谓一致。当主语后跟有alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,including等短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由前面的主语决定。本句的主语是Themanager(单数),且时间状语为nextweek(将来时),故谓语动词应用单数形式is。(15)Notonly______interestedinfootballbutalso______anactiveplayer.()Aheis;heisBishe;heisCheis;isheDishe;ishe答案:B解析:考查倒装句。句意:他不仅对足球感兴趣,而且是一名活跃的球员。当"Notonly...butalso..."连接两个分句,且"Notonly"位于句首时,前一个分句需要使用部分倒装(即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语之前),而后一个分句保持正常语序。因此前半部分为"ishe",后半部分为"heis"。故选B。(16)Bythetimeyouarriveatthestation,thetrain______.()AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleft答案:C解析:考查时态。'Bythetime'引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时(arrive),主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。句意:当你到达车站时,火车已经开走了。故选C。(17)Bythetimeyouarriveatthestation,thetrain______.()AwillleaveBhasleftCwillhaveleftDleft答案:C解析:本题考查时态。句意:当你到达车站时,火车已经开走了。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时(arrive),主句通常使用将来完成时(willhavedone),表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。故选C。(18)Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFriday.()AwillbepostponedBbepostponedCispostponedDhasbeenpostponed答案:B解析:考查虚拟语气。在suggest,advise,order,demand,request等表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”,should可以省略。此处meeting与postpone之间是被动关系,故用bepostponed。(19)Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFriday.()AwaspostponedBbepostponedCwouldbepostponedDpostponed答案:B解析:考查虚拟语气。在suggest,order,demand,require,request,command等表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词需使用“(should)+动词原形”的结构,should可以省略。此处meeting与postpone之间是被动关系,故用(should)bepostponed。句意:经理建议会议推迟到下周五。故选B。(20)Thenewpolicywillcomeinto______nextmonth.()AeffectBaffectCeffortDafford答案:A解析:本题考查固定搭配及词义辨析。comeintoeffect是固定短语,意为“生效、实施”。effect是名词,意为“效果、影响”;affect是动词,意为“影响”;effort是名词,意为“努力”;afford是动词,意为“买得起、承担得起”。根据句意“新政策将于下个月生效”,故选A。(21)HardlyhadIenteredtheroom______thephonerang.()AthanBwhenCasDwhile答案:B解析:本题考查固定搭配和倒装句。"Hardly...when..."是固定搭配,意为“一……就……”。当hardly位于句首时,句子需要部分倒装。句意:我刚进房间,电话就响了。nosooner...than...也是类似用法,但此处用的是Hardly,故搭配when。选B。(22)BythetimeyougettoNewYork,I______forLondon.()AamleavingBwillhaveleftChaveleftDhadleft答案:B解析:考查时态。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时(willhavedone),表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。句意:“等你到达纽约时,我已经启程去伦敦了。”(23)Itwasnotuntilmidnight______hefinishedwritingthereport.()AwhenBthatCwhichDwhile答案:B解析:本题考查强调句型。强调句的基本结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。本题中被强调部分是时间状语notuntilmidnight,因此连接词应用that。注意区分定语从句和强调句,若去掉Itwas...that...结构,句子仍完整通顺(Hedidnotfinishwritingthereportuntilmidnight),则为强调句。(24)______hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.()ASinceBUnlessCAsDAlthough答案:D解析:考查连词辨析。句意为:“虽然这位老工人技术知识有限,但他经验丰富。”前后分句之间存在转折或让步关系。A项Since意为“既然/自从”;B项Unless意为“除非”;C项As意为“因为/当……时”;D项Although意为“虽然/尽管”,引导让步状语从句,符合语境。因此选D。(25)______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.()ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案:B解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是"thesouthfootofthemountain",它与动词see之间是被动关系(山脚被看),因此应使用过去分词Seen作状语。如果使用Seeing,则逻辑主语必须是人。因此选B。PartIIGap-filling(14points)(1)Bythetimeyougettothestation,thetrain______(leave).答案:willhaveleft解析:考查时态。'Bythetime'引导的时间状语从句若用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。结构为'willhave+过去分词'。故填willhaveleft。(2)Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______(put)offuntilnextFriday.答案:(should)beput解析:考查虚拟语气。在suggest,advise,order,demand等表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”,其中should可省略。会议是被推迟,故用被动语态(should)beput。(3)Bythetimehegetshome,hismother______(finish)cookingdinner.答案:willhavefinished解析:考查将来完成时。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句若用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时(willhavedone),表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。故填willhavefinished。(4)Themanagerinsistedthatthework______(finish)bytheendofthisweek.答案:(should)befinished解析:考查虚拟语气和被动语态。insist表示“坚持要求”时,其后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,谓语结构为(should)+动词原形。由于work与finish之间是被动关系,故使用被动语态(should)befinished。(5)Theteachersuggestedthatthestudents______(finish)theirhomeworkbeforeclass.答案:(should)finish解析:考查虚拟语气。在suggest,advise,order,demand等表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词使用“(should)+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。(6)Itisnouse______(argue)withhimaboutthismatter.答案:arguing解析:考查固定句型。"Itisnousedoingsth."是固定搭配,意为“做某事是没有用的”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。因此填arguing。(7)Itisnouse______(argue)withhimaboutthismatter;heistoostubborn.答案:arguing解析:考查固定句型。句意:和他争论这件事是没有用的;他太固执了。"Itisnousedoingsth."是固定搭配,意为“做某事是没有用的”,其中it是形式主语,动名词短语doingsth.是真正的主语。因此填arguing。(8)IfI______(be)you,Iwouldaccepttheofferimmediately.答案:were解析:考查虚拟语气。在if引导的非真实条件句中,表示与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式,be动词通常统一用were,不管主语是人称单数还是复数。主句用了wouldaccept,说明是与现在事实相反的假设,故填were。(9)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____passedtheexamthistime.答案:has解析:本题考查定语从句中的主谓一致。句型"theonlyoneof+复数名词+who/that..."中,定语从句修饰的是theonlyone(单数),因此从句谓语动词应用单数形式。如果是"oneof+复数名词+who..."(没有theonly),则修饰复数名词,谓语用复数。此处有theonly,故填has。(10)Themanagersuggestedthattheproblem______(discuss)atthenextmeeting.答案:(should)bediscussed解析:考查虚拟语气和被动语态。suggest表示“建议”时,其后的宾语从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”。由于problem(问题)与discuss(讨论)之间是被动关系,故使用被动语态(should)bediscussed。句意:经理建议在下次会议上讨论这个问题。(11)Bythetimeyougettothestation,thetrain______(leave).答案:willhaveleft解析:考查时态。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句若用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。故填willhaveleft。(12)Theenvironmentisfacingseriouschallengestoday.Pollution,deforestation,andclimatechangearethreateningourplanet.Everyonehasaresponsibilitytoprotectnature.Weshouldreducewaste,recyclematerials,anduserenewableenergysources.Ifwedonottakeactionnow,futuregenerationswill3______theconsequencesofournegligence.答案:suffer解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。句意为“如果我们现在不采取行动,后代将遭受我们疏忽的后果”。suffertheconsequences是固定搭配,意为“承受后果”,符合语境中关于环境危机的严肃性。(13)Bythetimeyougettotheairport,theplane______(take)off.答案:willhavetaken解析:考查时态。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句若用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。结构为"willhave+过去分词"。故填willhavetaken。(14)Notuntilhearrivedhome____thathehadlosthiswallet.答案:didherealize解析:本题考查倒装句。Notuntil位于句首时,主句需部分倒装。根据从句时态(arrived,hadlost)可知主句应用一般过去时,故将助动词did提前,结构为didherealize。PartIIICloze(30points)(1)Climatechangeisoneofthemostseriouschallengesfacingourplanettoday.TheEarth'stemperatureisrising,1______leadstomeltingicecapsandrisingsealevels.Scientistswarnthatifwedonottakeactionsoon,theconsequenceswillbe2______.Wemustreduceourcarbonfootprintbyusingrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower.Additionally,individualscanmakeadifferenceby3______lessandrecyclingmore.Governmentsalsoplayacrucialroleinpassinglawstoprotecttheenvironment.Itistimeforeveryonetoworktogetherto4______ourplanetforfuturegenerations.Ifwefailtoact,wemayface5______disastersthatcannotbereversed.答案:1.which2.severe3.consuming4.preserve5.irreversible解析:本文讨论了气候变化及其应对措施。1.which:此处是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话(气温上升导致冰川融化等),关系代词应用which,指代前面所述情况。2.severe:句意是“后果将是严重的”。severe意为“严厉的、严重的”,修饰consequences符合语境。3.consuming:by是介词,后接动名词。consumeless意为“消耗更少(资源)”,与recyclingmore形成并列,符合环保主题。4.preserve:句意是“共同保护我们的星球”。preserve意为“保护、维持”,常用于环境保护语境。5.irreversible:句意是“我们可能面临不可逆转的灾难”。根据后半句cannotbereversed,可知此处应填irreversible(不可逆转的)。(2)Nowadays,manypeopleareconcernedaboutenvironmentalprotection.Itisessentialforustotakeactiontosaveourplanet.Oneofthemosteffectivewaysistoreducewaste.Weshouldtrytoreuseitems1______throwingthemaway.Forexample,glassbottlescanbewashedandusedagain.Additionally,recyclingplaysavitalroleinprotectingtheenvironment.Byseparatingrecyclablematerials2______non-recyclableones,wecanhelpreducetheamountoftrashsenttolandfills.Furthermore,plantingtreesisanothergreatwaytoimproveairquality.Treesabsorbcarbondioxideandreleaseoxygen,whichisbeneficial3______alllivingcreatures.Everyonecanmakeadifferencebymakingsmallchangesintheirdailylives.Ifweallworktogether,wecancreateacleanerandgreenerworldforfuture4______.Let'sstarttodayanddoourparttoprotectthe5______.答案:1.insteadof2.from3.to4.generations5.environment解析:1.insteadof:考查介词短语。句意为“我们应该尝试重复使用物品,而不是把它们扔掉”。insteadof意为“代替,而不是”,符合语境。2.from:考查固定搭配。separateAfromB意为“把A和B分开/区分开”。这里指将可回收材料与不可回收材料分开。3.to:考查形容词搭配。bebeneficialto...意为“对……有益”,是固定用法。4.generations:考查名词复数。forfuturegenerations意为“为了后代”,generation常用复数形式表示世世代代。5.environment:考查名词。根据全文主题“环境保护”,此处指保护“环境”(environment)。(3)Inthedigitalage,smartphoneshavebecomeanindispensablepartofourlives.Theyallowustocommunicatewithfriendsandfamilyanytimeandanywhere.However,excessiveuseofsmartphonescanleadtovariousproblems.Firstly,itmaycausehealthissuessuchaseyestrainandneckpain.Secondly,spendingtoomuchtimeonsocialmediacanmakepeoplefeellonelyand1______.Theyoftencomparetheirliveswithothers'perfectimagesonline,whichleadstoanxiety.Thirdly,smartphoneaddictioncanaffectourworkandstudyefficiency.Itishardtoconcentratewhennotificationskeep2______.Tosolvetheseproblems,weneedtodevelophealthyhabits.Weshouldsetatimelimitfordailysmartphoneuse.Itisalsoadvisabletoputdownthephoneandengageinface-to-faceinteractions.Real-lifeconnectionsaremoremeaningfulandcanbringusgenuine3______.Additionally,takinguphobbieslikereadingorsportscanhelpus4______fromthedigitalworld.Bybalancingouronlineandofflinelives,wecanenjoytheconvenienceoftechnologywithoutlettingit5______ourwell-being.答案:1.depressed2.poppingup3.happiness4.detach5.control解析:1.depressed:考查形容词。句意:花太多时间在社交媒体上会让人感到孤独和沮丧。depressed意为“沮丧的,抑郁的”,与lonely并列,描述负面情绪。2.poppingup:考查动词短语。句意:当通知不断弹出时,很难集中注意力。popup意为“弹出,突然出现”,keepdoingsth.表示动作持续发生。3.happiness:考查名词。句意:现实生活中的联系更有意义,能带给我们真正的快乐。genuinehappiness意为“真正的幸福/快乐”,与前文的lonely/anxiety形成对比。4.detach:考查动词。句意:培养阅读或运动等爱好可以帮助我们要从数字世界中脱离出来。detachfrom意为“从……分离/脱离”,符合语境。5.control:考查动词。句意:通过平衡线上和线下生活,我们可以享受科技的便利而不让它控制我们的福祉。letsb./sth.dosth.,control意为“控制”,符合文意。(4)Nowadays,manypeopleareconcernedabouttheenvironment.Theybelievethatprotectingnatureiseveryone's1______.Somepeoplethinkthatthegovernmentshouldtakethemainresponsibility,whileothersarguethatindividualscanalsomakeadifference.Forexample,wecanreducewastebyrecyclingandreusingmaterials.Wecanalsosaveenergybyturningofflightswhentheyarenotinuse.Thesesmallactionsmayseeminsignificant,butifeveryonedoesthem,theywillhaveabig2______ontheenvironment.Furthermore,plantingtreesisanothereffectivewaytoimproveairquality.Treesabsorbcarbondioxideandreleaseoxygen,whichisessentialforlife.Therefore,itisimportantforustoprotectforestsandplantmoretrees.Inconclusion,environmentalprotectionrequiresjointeffortsfromboththegovernmentandindividuals.Onlybyworkingtogethercanwecreateabetterworldforfuture3______.答案:1.responsibility2.impact3.generations解析:1.responsibility:根据句意“他们认为保护自然也是每个人的______”,结合上下文提到的政府和个人的责任,此处应填名词“责任”,即responsibility。2.impact:短语haveanimpacton是固定搭配,意为“对……产生影响”。句意为“如果每个人都这样做,它们将对环境产生巨大的影响”。3.generations:句意为“只有共同努力,我们才能为后代创造一个更美好的世界”。futuregenerations意为“后代”,符合语境。(5)TheInternethaschangedthewaywelive.Itallowsustocommunicatewithpeopleallovertheworldinseconds.However,italsobringssomeproblems.Oneofthebiggestissuesiscyberbullying.Cyberbullyinghappenswhensomeoneusesdigitaldevicestoharass,threaten,orembarrassanotherperson.Thiscanhappenonsocialmedia,intextmessages,orthroughemails.Victimsofcyberbullyingoftenfeel1______andhelpless.Theymaynotknowwhototurntoforhelp.Parentsandteachersshouldpayattentiontochildren'sonlinebehavior.Iftheynoticeanysignsofdistress,theyshouldtalktothechildimmediately.Itisimportanttocreateasafeenvironmentwherechildrenfeelcomfortablesharingtheirexperiences.Schoolscanalsoplayarolebyeducatingstudentsaboutthedangersofcyberbullyingandhowtopreventit.Byworkingtogether,wecanmaketheInternetasaferplaceforeveryone.答案:1.isolated2.distress3.immediately4.comfortable5.prevent解析:1.isolated:根据上下文,网络霸凌的受害者通常会感到孤独和无助(helpless)。isolated意为“孤立的”,符合语境。2.distress:前文提到受害者感到无助,后文提到如果注意到任何痛苦的迹象(signsofdistress),应立即交谈。distress意为“痛苦、悲痛”,符合语境。3.immediately:一旦发现孩子有异常,父母和老师应该“立即”与孩子交谈,以防止情况恶化。immediately意为“立即”,符合语境。4.comfortable:建立一个让孩子感到“舒适”的环境,让他们愿意分享经历。comfortable意为“舒适的、自在的”,符合语境。5.prevent:学校可以通过教育学生了解网络霸凌的危害以及如何“预防”它来发挥作用。prevent意为“预防、阻止”,符合语境。(6)Technologyhasrevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate.Inthepast,peoplereliedonlettersandlandlinephonestostayintouch.Today,smartphonesandtheinternetallowustoconnectwithanyone,anywhere,instantly.Whilethisconvenienceisamazing,ithasalsobroughtaboutsomechallenges.Onemajorissueisthedeclineinface-to-faceinteraction.Peopleoftenspendmoretimelookingattheirscreensthantalkingtothosearoundthem.Thiscanleadtofeelingsof1______andisolation.Anotherconcernisthespreadofmisinformation.Witheveryoneabletopublishcontentonline,itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenfactsand2______.Therefore,itiscrucialtodevelopdigitalliteracy.Weneedtolearnhowtoevaluatetheinformationwefindonlinecritically.Furthermore,weshouldbemindfulofourscreentime.Settinglimitscanhelpusmaintainahealthybalancebetweenourdigitalandreallives.Technologyisapowerfultool,butitshouldserveus,not3______us.Byusingitwisely,wecanenjoyitsadvantageswhileavoidingits4______.Ultimately,thegoalistousetechnologytoenhancehumanconnection,notto5______it.答案:1.loneliness2.fiction3.control4.drawbacks5.replace解析:本文探讨了科技对沟通的双重影响。1.loneliness:与isolation(孤立)并列,表示缺乏面对面交流会导致“孤独感”。2.fiction:facts(事实)的反义词是fiction(虚构/谎言),指难以区分真假。3.control:科技应该服务人类,而不是“控制”人类,serveus,notcontrolus形成对比。4.drawbacks:enjoyadvantages(享受优势)的同时避免其“缺点/弊端”。5.replace:增强人际联系,而不是“取代”它,replacehumanconnection符合逻辑。PartIVErrorCorrection(20points)(1)Heissoyoungtogotoschool.答案:将so改为too;将to去掉解析:1.too...to...结构意为“太...而不能...”,so...that...意为“如此...以至于...”。根据句意“他太小了不能去上学”,应用tooyoungtogo。2.若用too...to结构,to后直接接动词原形,无需再加其他介词(原题若为'tooyoungtogotoschool'则正确,若为'tooyoungtogoing'则错)。此处假设考点为too...to结构与so...that混淆,或者不定式符号误用。修正设定:原句'Heissoyoungtogotoschool.'->改为'Heistooyoungtogotoschool.'(2)Ihaveagoodnewsforyou.Ourclasswonthebasketballmatchyesterday.Everyonewasexcitingaboutit.Wecelebratedtogether.答案:去掉a,exciting->excited解析:1.冠词/名词性质错误:news是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词a修饰,故去掉`a`。2.形容词误用:exciting意为“令人兴奋的”,通常修饰物;excited意为“感到兴奋的”,通常修饰人。主语是Everyone(人),故将`exciting`改为`excited`。(3)Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.Heisveryproudofhimself.答案:have->has解析:考查定语从句中的主谓一致。当先行词被'theonlyoneof+复数名词'修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词应与'one'保持一致,用单数。如果是'oneof+复数名词'(无theonly),则用复数。此处有theonly,故have应改为has。(4)短文改错:请找出并改正下列短文中的错误。Therearemanystudentinourclass.Mostofthemarehard-working.Theystudyhardlyeveryday.Ibelievetheywillsuccessinthefuture.答案:student->students,hardly->hard,success->succeed解析:1.名词复数:'many'修饰可数名词复数,故将'student'改为'students'。2.副词辨析:'hardly'意为“几乎不”,'hard'意为“努力地”。根据句意“他们每天努力学习”,应将'hardly'改为'hard'。3.词性错误:'will'是情态动词,后面应接动词原形。'success'是名词,其动词形式为'succeed',故改为'succeed'。(5)HardlyhadIarrivedatthestationthanthetrainstarted.Iwasluckytocatchit,althoughIwasoutofbreath.答案:than改为when解析:本题考查固定句型。`Hardly...when...`是固定搭配,意为“一……就……”。当`hardly`位于句首时,句子需部分倒装。句中误用了`than`(`nosooner...than...`才是搭配),故应将`than`改为`when`。改正:HardlyhadIarrivedatthestation~~than~~whenthetrainstarted.PartVReadingComprehension(36points)Passage1Plasticpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostpressingenvironmentalissuesofourtime.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofplasticwasteendupinoceans,harmingmarinelifeandenteringthefoodchain.Microplastics,tinyparticlesofplasticlessthan5mminsize,havebeenfoundineverythingfromdeep-seacreaturestotablesalt.Scientistsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthelong-termhealtheffectsofmicroplasticsonhumans.Whilerecyclingisoftentoutedasthesolution,onlyasmallfractionofplasticisactuallyrecycledglobally.Therestendsupinlandfillsorthenaturalenvironment.Expertssuggestthatreducingsingle-useplasticsanddevelopingbiodegradablealternativesaremoreeffectivestrategiestocombatthiscrisis.(1-1)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?()AThebenefitsofplasticproductionBTheseverityandsolutionsofplasticpollutionCThehistoryofoceanexplorationDThechemicalcompositionofmicroplastics(1-2)Accordingtothetext,whatisamajorlimitationofrecycling?()AItistooexpensiveBOnlyasmallfractionofplasticisactuallyrecycledCItcausesmorepollutionthanitsolvesDRecyclingmachinesarenotavailable(1-3)Wherehavemicroplasticsbeenfound?()AOnlyinoceansBOnlyinlandfillsCIndeep-seacreaturesandtablesaltDOnlyinindustrialareas(1-4)Whatdoexpertssuggestasabetterstrategythanjustrecycling?()ABurningallplasticwasteBIgnoringtheproblemCReducingsingle-useplasticsanddevelopingbiodegradablealternativesDIncreasingplasticproduction答案:1-1.B1-2.B1-3.C1-4.C解析:1.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了塑料污染的严重性(海洋污染、微塑料)以及应对策略(回收的局限性、减少使用和开发替代品)。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据文章"Whilerecyclingisoftentoutedasthesolution,onlyasmallfractionofplasticisactuallyrecycledglobally."可知,回收的主要局限是只有极少部分的塑料被真正回收。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据文章"Microplastics...havebeenfoundineverythingfromdeep-seacreaturestotablesalt."可知,微塑料在深海生物和食盐中都有发现。故选C。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句"Expertssuggestthatreducingsingle-useplasticsanddevelopingbiodegradablealternativesaremoreeffectivestrategies..."可知,专家建议减少一次性塑料的使用并开发生物可降解的替代品。故选C。Passage2Plasticpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostpressingenvironmentalissuesofourtime.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofplasticwasteendupinoceans,harmingmarinelifeandenteringthefoodchain.Microplastics,tinyparticlesofplasticlessthan5mminsize,havebeenfoundineverythingfromdeep-seacreaturestohumanblood.Thedurabilityofplastic,whichmakesitsouseful,alsomakesitpersistentintheenvironment,takinghundredsofyearstodecompose.Governmentsandorganizationsworldwidearetakingstepstocombatthiscrisis.Bansonsingle-useplastics,suchasstrawsandbags,havebeenimplementedinmanycountries.Recyclingprogramsarebeingexpanded,thoughexpertswarnthatrecyclingaloneisnotenough.Innovationinbiodegradablematerialsoffershope,butthesealternativesoftencomewithhighercostsanddifferentperformancecharacteristics.Individualactionsalsoplayacrucialrole.Consumerscanreducetheirplasticfootprintbychoosingreusableproducts,supportingbrandswithsustainablepackaging,andproperlydisposingofwaste.Educationandawarenesscampaignsareessentialtochangingsocietalhabits.Ultimately,solvingtheplasticpollutionproblemrequiresacollectiveeffortfromgovernments,industries,andindividuals.(2-1)Whatisacharacteristicofmicroplasticsmentionedinthetext?()ATheyarelargerthan5mmBTheyareonlyfoundinoceansCTheyhavebeenfoundinhumanbloodDTheydecomposequickly(2-2)Whyisplasticdifficulttodealwithintheenvironment?()AItistooexpensivetoproduceBIttakeshundredsofyearstodecomposeCItisnotdurableenoughDItcannotberecycledatall(2-3)Whatdoexpertssayaboutrecyclingprograms?()ARecyclingistheonlysolutionBRecyclingiscompletelyineffectiveCRecyclingaloneisinsufficientDRecyclingincreasesplasticproduction(2-4)Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?()AGovernmentbansarethemosteffectivemethodBIndividualactionsandcollectiveeffortsarevitalCBiodegradablematerialsaretoocostlyDEducationcampaignsareunnecessary答案:2-1.C2-2.B2-3.C2-4.B解析:本文介绍了塑料污染的严重性、微塑料的危害、应对措施(政府禁令、回收、创新材料)以及个人行动的重要性。1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Microplastics...havebeenfoundineverythingfromdeep-seacreaturestohumanblood."可知,微塑料已在包括人类血液在内的各种事物中被发现。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Thedurabilityofplastic...makesitpersistentintheenvironment,takinghundredsofyearstodecompose."可知,塑料需要数百年才能分解,因此在环境中持久存在。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据第二段"...expertswarnthatrecyclingaloneisnotenough."可知,专家警告仅靠回收是不够的。故选C。4.主旨大意题。最后一段强调了个人行动的作用("Individualactionsalsoplayacrucialrole")并总结说解决塑料污染需要政府、行业和个人的共同努力("requiresacollectiveeffort")。故选B。Passage3Plasticpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostpressingenvironmentalissuesofourtime.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofplasticwasteendupinoceans,harmingmarinelifeandenteringthefoodchain.Microplastics,tinyparticleslessthan5mminsize,havebeenfoundineverythingfromdeep-seacreaturestotablesalt.Scientistsareincreasinglyworriedaboutthelong-termhealtheffectsofmicroplasticsonhumans,althoughresearchisstillongoing.Recyclinghaslongbeenpromotedasthesolutiontoplasticwast
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