2026年江苏省北师大版八年级英语上册第12单元词汇专项训练习题

2026年江苏省北师大版八年级英语上册第12单元词汇专项训练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewsciencemuseuminourcity______manyinteractiveexhibitsthathelpstudentsunderstandtheprinciplesofphysicsandchemistry.A.includesB.containsC.consistsofD.possesses解析：本题考查动词辨析。A选项includes意为“包括”，常用于列举具体事物；B选项contains意为“包含”，较正式；C选项consistsof意为“由...组成”，强调整体与部分关系；D选项possesses意为“拥有”，多用于抽象概念。根据句意“我们的城市里有一个新的科学博物馆，里面有很多互动展品帮助学生理解物理和化学原理”，应选A。B选项虽然也符合语法，但includes更强调展品的多样性，与语境更契合。2.Mygrandmotheroftentellsmestoriesaboutherchildhood,______shelivedinasmallvillagewithhergrandparents.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项when引导时间状语从句；B选项where引导地点状语从句；C选项which引导名词性从句；D选项that在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据句意“我祖母经常给我讲她童年的故事，她那时住在一个有祖父母的小村庄里”，空格处应填入where，修饰village。若选when，需改为whenshewasinthesmallvillage，但原文结构更符合where的用法。3.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto______theirhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussiontomorrow.A.finishB.finishingC.finishedD.tofinish解析：本题考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”。因此正确结构为asksb.tofinish。B选项为动名词形式，C选项为过去分词，D选项为不定式todo的另一种形式，均不符合语法。4.______theheavyrain,thesportsmeethadtobepostponedtonextweek.A.BecauseofB.BecauseC.AsD.Since解析：本题考查介词和连词辨析。A选项becauseof后接名词或名词短语；B选项because引导原因状语从句；C选项as可引导原因或时间状语从句；D选项since引导原因状语从句。根据句意“由于大雨，运动会不得不推迟到下周”，空格后为名词rain，应选A。B选项需改为becausetheheavyrain，C选项as后需接从句，D选项since更强调原因的确定性，此处becauseof更简洁。5.Theboy______livesnextdoorisatalentedmusicianwhoplaysthepianoandtheguitar.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词boy指人，且在从句中作主语，需用who。A选项which指物；C选项whom作宾语；D选项whose作定语。若选which，需改为Theboywhichlivesnextdoor，但语法错误。6.Ifyou______moretime,youwouldhavefinishedtheprojectontime.A.hadB.haveC.hadhadD.havehad解析：本题考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的假设条件句，主句用wouldhavedone，从句用过去完成时。因此正确结构为had+过去分词。A选项had符合语法，但缺少过去分词；B选项have不符合时态；C选项hadhad多余；D选项havehad时态错误。7.Theoldlibraryinourschool______foroverfiftyyears,anditstillservesasaquietplaceforreading.A.hasbeenbuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.built解析：本题考查时态和语态。句中有foroverfiftyyears，表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时；library与build之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。因此正确结构为hasbeenbuilt。B选项为一般过去时，C选项为主动语态，D选项为过去式，均不符合语境。8.Mysisterisinterestedincollectingstamps,______mybrotherprefersplayingvideogames.A.butB.andC.soD.because解析：本题考查连词辨析。A选项but表示转折；B选项and表示并列；C选项so表示结果；D选项because表示原因。根据句意“我姐姐喜欢集邮，但我弟弟更喜欢玩电子游戏”，前后句为对比关系，应选A。若选B，需改为andmybrotherprefersplayingvideogames，但逻辑不符。9.Thecompanydecidedto______itsofficetoamorecentrallocationtoimprovecommunicationbetweendepartments.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves解析：本题考查动词不定式。decidetodosth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”。因此正确结构为decidetomove。B选项为动名词形式，C选项为过去式，D选项为第三人称单数形式，均不符合语法。10.Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheirteacher______anewbookattheschoolfair.A.buyB.buyingC.boughtD.tobuy解析：本题考查非谓语动词。seesb.doingsth.是固定搭配，意为“看见某人正在做某事”。因此正确结构为seetheirteacherbuying。A选项为动词原形，C选项为过去分词，D选项为不定式，均不符合语法。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Themuseum______(hold)anexhibitionofancientartifactsnextmonth,whichattractsmanyhistoryenthusiasts.2.Sheis______(good)atsolvingpuzzlesthanherbrother.3.Ifyou______(study)harder,youwillpasstheexamwithhighmarks.4.Thechildren______(play)happilyintheparkwhentherainstarted.5.Myparents______(go)toJapanlastyearandtookmanybeautifulphotos.6.Theteacheraskedus______(review)thenotesbeforethetest.7.Heisinterestedin______(collect)stampsandspendsmostofhisfreetimeonit.8.Thetrain______(leave)thestationat8:00a.m.tomorrowmorning.9.Wewere______(excite)whenweheardthegoodnewsaboutthescholarship.10.Thecompanydecided______(invest)moremoneyinresearchanddevelopment.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thebook"TheGreatGatsby"waswrittenbyErnestHemingway.(×)解析：错误。"TheGreatGatsby"的作者是F.ScottFitzgerald，不是ErnestHemingway。2.Theverb"togo"canbeusedinbothpresentandpasttensewithoutchangingitsform.(√)解析：正确。go的过去式和过去分词都是went，形式不变。3.Theword"environment"referstothenaturalworldaroundus.(√)解析：正确。environment指周围的自然环境。4.Theadverb"very"canbeusedtomodifyadjectivesandadverbs.(√)解析：正确。very可修饰形容词和副词，如veryhappy,veryquickly。5.Thesentence"Sheisreadingabook"isinthepresentcontinuoustense.(√)解析：正确。现在进行时结构为be+动词ing，表示正在进行的动作。6.Theword"decision"isanoun,notaverb.(√)解析：正确。decision意为“决定”，是名词。7.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.(√)解析：正确。如Ihadfinishedthehomeworkbeforetheteachercame.8.Theword"interest"canbebothanounandaverb.(√)解析：正确。如interestasanoun(兴趣),interestasaverb(使感兴趣)。9.Thesentence"Hewenttothestoreyesterday"isinthesimplepasttense.(√)解析：正确。简单过去时用于描述过去发生的动作。10.Theword"polite"isanadjective.(√)解析：正确。polite意为“礼貌的”，是形容词。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"imagine"and"guess".参考答案：imagine意为“想象”，指在脑海中创造图像或场景，如imagineaspaceship；guess意为“猜测”，指根据不完全信息做出判断，如guesstheanswer.2.WhatisthefunctionofthepresentperfecttenseinEnglish?参考答案：现在完成时用于描述过去发生且与现在有关的动作，如IhavevisitedParis.也可表示过去的经历。3.Howdoyouusetheword"too"correctlyinasentence?参考答案：too表示“太”，用于形容词或副词前，如tooexpensive,tooquickly.注意与to区分，to表示“到”。4.Whatisthedifferencebetween"because"and"so"?参考答案：because引导原因状语从句，回答why，如IwastiredbecauseIstayeduplate；so引导结果状语从句，表示因此，如Itrained,sowestayedhome.5.Howdoyouformthepastparticipleofregularverbs?参考答案：规则动词的过去分词在动词原形后加-ed，如walk-walked,play-played.6.Whatdoestheword"culture"meaninEnglish?参考答案：culture指一个社会或群体的传统、习俗、艺术、信仰等，如Chineseculture.7.Howcanyouusetheword"however"inasentence?参考答案：however表示转折，相当于but，用于句中或句末，如Heisrich;however,heisnothappy.8.Whatisthedifferencebetween"alot"and"very"?参考答案：alot用于修饰名词或动词，如alotofpeople;very用于修饰形容词或副词，如verybeautiful.五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethesentence"Thestudentsarestudyingfortheexam"inthepresentcontinuoustense.参考答案：Thestudentsarestudyingfortheexam.（原句已是现在进行时，无需改写）2.Changethesentence"Sheboughtanewcaryesterday"intothepastperfecttense.参考答案：Shehadboughtanewcaryesterday.3.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverb"togo":"IfI______totheparty,Iwillmeetmyfriends."参考答案：went4.Fillintheblankwiththecorrectword:"Themuseum______manyinterestingexhibitsaboutancientcivilizations."参考答案：has5.Rewritethesentence"Heistallerthanhisbrother"using"as...as":参考答案：Heisastallashisbrother.6.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformoftheverb"todo":"She______herhomeworkeveryevening."参考答案：does7.Fillintheblankwiththecorrectword:"Thebookis______interesting;Ican'tputitdown."参考答案：too8.Rewritethesentence"Theteacheraskedustofinishtheproject"inpassivevoice:参考答案：Theprojectwasas