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初三系列复习资料(10)定语从句的考点集汇,讲解和训练

十、定语从句

【考点扫描】

中考对定语从句的考察主要集中在以下几个方面:

1.定语从句的功用和沟造

2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

考察的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面

表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

【名师精讲】

一.定语从句的功用和构造

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词

叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词

和关系副词。例如:

Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.

二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作

用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系

待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须

和先行词一致。例如:

Idon'tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.

ThecarswhicharcproducedinHubciProvincesellverywell.

2.作宾语:

SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.

Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape".

3.作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

What'sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?

Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.

4.作状语

IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

三,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.

Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate

MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.

3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.

Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.

4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.

5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

I'vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.

Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

rilneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点,在定语从句市作状语。例如:

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放

于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which

与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom

whichwchadlivedinfortenyears.

五.具体使用时还要注意以下问巅:

1.只能使用thal,无用which的情况:

(1)先行词是all.few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例

如:

Allthathesaidistrue.

(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如:

Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的同。

Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

2.只能用which,不用that的情况:

(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如:

Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是初时。例如:

Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

【中考范例】、

1.(2004年哈尔滨中考试题)

一Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?

…Yes,hedoes.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who

【解析】答案:Do该题考察的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词

是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who适宜。

2.(2004年常州市中考试题)

TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that

【解析】答案:Do该题考察的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物,

而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,所以只有that适宜。

3.(2004年扬州市中考试题)

-Whereisthescientistgaveusthetalkyesterday?

---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.

A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which

【解析】答案:Bo该题考察的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词

是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who适宜。

4.(2004年益阳市中考试题)

Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.

A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who

【解析】答案:Do该题考察的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词

是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语•,所以只有who适宜。

【总分值演练】

一.单项填空

1.--WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

---Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

2.1hatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

3.TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom

4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

5.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

6.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

7.Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

8.Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

9.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

1().Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

11.Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

12.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

13.ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

14.Hedidn'ltellmetheplacehewasborn.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

15.Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

二.用关系代词或关系副词将以下每对句子连成一个复合句

1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.

3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.

4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.

5.Thisisthehall.Wclistenedtothereportinittheotherday.

6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.

7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.

8.1enjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.

9.1preferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.

10.1spoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.

三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.Thehouseweliveinisverybig.

2.Theboyiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.

4.Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.

6.Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.

7.Shewearsagoldring.isveryuncommoninourclass.

8.Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?

10.TilneverforgetthedaysIjoinedtheLeague.

【练习答案】

—.1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.C10.Cll.D12.B13.D14.D15.B

二.l.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.

2.Theoldmanwhoteacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.

3.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquare.

4.Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.

5.Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.

6.Thecarwhichjustpasseduswasgoing90milesanhour.

7.Themanwhowaveduswasmyuncle.

8.1enjoyedreadingthebookyougavemelastweek.

9.ThesubjectIpreferisscience.

lO.ThcmanIspoketoisaprofessor.

H.l.that/which2.who/that3.that/which4.who/that5.that6.that7.which8.which/

that9.where10.when

中考英语定语从句考点扫描

在主从复合句中充当定语的句子是定语从句,它在句中修饰名词或代词。定语从句一般

由关系代词that,which,who(m),whose和关系副词when,where,why等引导。被定语从句修

饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常放在先行词的后面作后置定语。在中考试题中,主要考察

引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。

一、一般情况下,领先行词指人时,用that,who或whom引导。如:

Iknowtheyoungmanthat/whoisreadingunderthetree.我认识在树卜读书的那个年轻

人。

Thegirlwhomyoutalkedaboutamomentagoismydaughter.你们刚刚谈论的女孩是我

的女儿。

【温馨提示】

当指人的先行词后有介词时,关系代词不用that,而要用whom。如:

Jimisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.吉姆是你在寻找的人。

二、领先行词指物时,用which或that引导。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略,

如:

Givemethepenthat/whichisonthedesk.把桌子上的钢笔给我。

【温馨提示】

­)领先行词指物时只能用(hat而不能用which的几种常见情况:

1.先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。如:

Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他做这件事。

2.先行词前有last,next,only,very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。如:

Thisisthemostinterestingfilmthatwasshownlastweek.这是上周所放映的影片中最有

趣的一部。

Theonlythingthat(heycandoistowail.他们唯一能做的事就是等待。

3.先行词前有序数词或最高级等修饰时。如:

Thisisthesecondcomputerthatfatherhasjustbought.这是爸爸刚刚买的第二台电脑。

Thisistheverypen(that)youboughtyesterday.这正是你昨天买的笔。

4.领先行词既有人,又有物时。如:

Sallyistalkingaboutthewriterandhisbookthatinterestsher.萨丽在谈论这位作家及能使

她感兴趣的这位作家的书,

5.当主语是who的疑问句。如:

Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?在玩电脑游戏的男孩是谁

二)领先行词指物时,只能用which而不能用that的场合

1.关系代词前有介词时。如:

ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived.这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。

2.在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,如果去掉逗号,整个句子仍能表达

完整的意义的定语从句)中。如:

TheyaretalkingabouttheTVplay,which(heysawlastnight.他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视

剧。

三、whose在定语从句中作定语,修饰它后面的名词。如:

DoyouknowthegirlwhosenameisLily?你认识名叫莉莉的女孩吗

四、当引导词在句中作状语时,应用适当的关系副词。表示时间用when,表示地点用

where,表示原因用why。但这些关系副词通常可转换成“介词+关系代词〃形式。如:

Thehotelwhere/atwhichthevisitorsarestayingisveryexpensive.这些参观者呆的旅馆很贵。

2008年中考定语从句真题精选

I.Doyouknowthescientistgaveusatalkjustnow?(天津市)

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

2.ThisisthedictionaryMumgavemeformybirthday.(河北省)

A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom

3.ShaolinTcmplcliesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeand

abroad.(河南省)

A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what

4.—Doyouknowthegirlisstandingunderthetree?

—Sheismylittlesister.(福州市)

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which

5.Thisisthequestionwearetalkingaboutnow.(吉林省)

A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when

6.—Whatareyoulookingfor?

—IamlookingforthebookIboughtyesterday.[长沙市)

A.whoB.whichC.v/hose

7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheofficewouldliketospeakwithyou.(原门市)

A.whoB.whichC.whom

8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeoneworkshard.(临沂市)

A.whichB./C.whomD.who

9.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongshavegreatlyrics.(泰安市)

A.whichB.whoC.v/hereD.whom

10.Eventeacherscan'tuncerstandsomeexpressionstheirstudentsuseindailylife.

兴市)

A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom

11.Beijingisthe29thcityholdstheOlympicGames.(芜湖市)

A.

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