国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷6

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷6

一、听力填空（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5分。）

ANobelPrizeisoneofthemosthighlyregardedhonors.

1、ANobelPrizeisoneofthemosthighlyregardedhonors.

标准答案：international

知识点解析：独白第一句即指出:ANobelPrizeisoneofthemosthighlyregarded

internationalhonors,题句与此完全一样，因此只要听清这一句即可作答。

2^ThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedin.

标准答案：1901

知识点解析：本题考查的是时间数字的听音辨音。独白第三句明确交代了第一届诺

贝尔奖颁发的时间为1901年（诺贝尔去世5年后），应用阿拉伯数字表达。

3、AmongthefiveNobelPrizes,therearethreeinvarioussciences,onefbr,and

thePeacePrize.

标准答案：literature

知识点解析：答案信息对应于独白第五句。本题也可由常识直接得出答案：诺贝尔

奖包括3项自然科学奖，1项文学奖和1项和平奖，共5个奖项。

4、Nobelwishedhispropertytobecontributedtotheofprizesinhislastwill.

标准答案：establishment

知识点解析：独白后半部分对于诺贝尔的介绍中有一句：【nhislaslwill...lothe

establishmentofprizesforachievements...,即他在遗嘱中希望将白己的财产用于设

立这几个奖项。注意拼写。

5、Thefirstpartoftheprizeisagold.

标准答案：medal

知识点解析：独白最后四句说明了诺贝尔奖的构成，其中倒数第三句指出：The

firstpartisagoldmedal（第一部分是一块金质奖章）。

二、高级听力填空（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5

分。）

Hippocrateshasbeenregardedasthefatherof.

6、Hippocrateshasbeenregardedasthefatherof.

标准答案：modemmedicine

知识点解析：答案信息对应于独白第四句；Hehasbeen...thefatherofmodem

medicineo因为该段谈论的就是古希腊的Hippocrates,所以此句中的He指代的就

是他。

7、WhatdidAristotlemakeascientificstudyof?

标准答案:Plantsandanimals

知识点解析:独白第五句中指出:Aristotlebeganascientificstudyofplantsand

animals,题目只是变成特殊疑问句对此句中的介词宾语提问。

8、InwhichcenturydidWilliamIlarverymakehisdiscoveryaboutthecirculationofthe

blood?

标准答案：Theseventeenth/17th（century）

知识点解析：独白首先谈到了Hippocraies,然后是Aristolle,接着在独白中部谈到

了WilliamHarveryo本题对应于独白中一句：...untiltheseventeenthcentury

when...WilliamHarverydiscovered…考生可以用阿拉伯数字以提高答题速度和准确

性。

9、LouisPasteur'stheorieswereabout.

标准答案：germsandbacteria

知识点解析：独白倒数第二段谈及的是LouisPasteur,其中第一句指出：Louis

Pasteur'stheoriesaboutgermsandbacteriaadvanced...,题H只是表达稍有不同。

10、Thelecturersaystheadvancesof（he20thcenturyarethanalltheother

periodscombined.

标准答案：farmorenumerous

知识点解析：独白最后一段将20世纪医学和生物的进步与前面谈及的各个阶段的

发展进行了对比，其中第一句说,Buitheadvancesofthetwentiethcentury...arefar

morenumerousthan...,即20世纪的进步要比以前各个阶段加起来还多得多。

三、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分，共6分。）

TheentrancerateofmedicalschoolsoftheUSin2001was.

11、TheentrancerateofmedicalschoolsoftheUSin2001was.

A、near20%.

B、30%.

C、near50%.

D、80%.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题需要考生在听清数字的基础上进行简单运算。独白第四句话指

出：In2001,about35000...butonlyabout17000wereaccepted,即申请人数是35

000人，而实际入学的只有17000人，其成功率不到50%,因此选［C］。

12、Studentsarereadytousetheirknowledgetobeginhelpingsickpeopleinahospital

attheiryearofcollege.

A^first

B、second

C、third

D^fourth

标准答案：C

知识点解析：答案信息对应于独白第三段第一句:Bythethirdyear...inahospital,

即学生在第三学年就可去医院实习了，题目只是表达稍有不同，因此答案为［C］。

13、Thetrainingprogramstudentsbeginseekingtoenterduringthefourthgearof

medicalschoolinahospitaliscalled.

A、amedicalcompetition

B、atreatmentcompetition

C、amedicaltreatment

D、amedicalresidency

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题答案信息对应于独白第四段第一、二句。其中第二句明确指出:

Thistrainingprogramiscalledamedicalresidency,因此答案是［D［°

Whatisthemeaningof"Skatingonthinice"?

14、Whatisthemeaningof"Skatingonthinicc"?

A、Onemaybedoingsomethingquitedifficult.

B、Onemaybedoingsomethingquiterisky.

C、Onemaybedoingsomethingquiteannoying.

D、Onemaybedoingsomethingimpossible.

标准答案：B''

知识点解析：Skatingonthinice这个短语出现在独白第四段第一句，然后下一句对

其含意作出「解释：Thismeansthat...somethingrisky,与［B］一致。

15>Whensomebodytoldyouthatyouwill"cutnoice"withhim,whatdidhemean?

A、Youwillnotpersuadehim.

B、Heisgettingnowherewithyou.

C>Youcannotsellyouricetohim.

D、Youshouldnotwastetimecuttingicewithhim.

标准答案：B

知识点解”：本题答案对应于解释cutnoicc这一短语的第三段。其中最后一句指

出用这个短语的人的意忍：...thatheisgettingnowherewithyou,因此答案是

16、Whenthegameisreallyover,whichidiomcanweuse?

A^Itisicedup.

B、Skatingonthinice.

C、Tocutnoice.

D、Tobreaktheice.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：独白中涉及game的是最后一段，这一段是对Thegameisonice和

hisicedup两个与ice有关的短语的说明，因此本题答案无疑是［A］。

四、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

HowmanyadultsdiedinthebombingoftheFederalbuildinginOklahoma?

17、HowmanyadultsdiedinthebombingoftheFederalbuildinginOklahoma?

A、168.

B、1187.

C、149.

D、Hundredsofpeople.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：独白第二句指出：Onehundredandsixty-eight...nineteenchildren,即

死者共有168人，其中19人是孩子。题目问的是死亡的成人人数，因此为168・19

=149人。

18、WhatcanbesaidaboutMcVeigh'seducation?

A、Hehasacollegedegree

B、Hedroppedoutfromhighschool.

CxHereceivednoeducation.

D、Heisahighschoolgraduate.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：答案信息对应于独白第二段第五句：AfterMcVeighgraduatedfrom

highschool...intheUSArmy,即他高中毕业后，虽然上了大学，但大学没念完就参

军了，因此选［D］。

19、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutMcVeigh?

A、Hewasinvolvedinanti-governmentactivitieswhileinthearmy.

HeleftthearmyrightbeforethePersianGulfWar.

C、HereceivedseveralawardsforhisgoodperformanceinthePersianGulfWar.

D、HeworkedasasecurityguardbeforethePersianGulfWar.

标准答案：C…

知识点解析：在独白第二段对于McVeigh经历的描述可知，他参军后参加了1991

年的海湾战争，在战争中获得了5枚勋章，退伍后当了保安，并且参加反政府行

动。对照四个选项可知只有［C］是正确的。

20、WhenwasMcVeighexecuted?

A、inApril1995.

B、InJune1995.

C、InJune2001.

D、InJune2002.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：答案信息对应于独白最后一句，指出他被处决的时间是onJune

11,2001,因此[0对。考生要注意的是，独白后一段中涉及了多个时间，在听音时

最好作适当的记录，弄清时间和事件之间的对应关系。

五、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Predictionsofmanyrobotsinindustryhaveyetcometrue.Fortenyearsormore,

manufacturersofbigrobotshaveexplainedhowtheirmachinescanmakeindustrymore

competitiveandproductive.Themakerfbr[21]robotsisover-suppliednow,

andthedrivingforceoftheroboticsrevolutionis[22]tobewithmakersof

machinesthathandleafewkilosatmost."Heavy-roboimanufacturersareinsome

difficulty[23]findingcustomers.Theyareofferingbig[24]justto

getinthedoor.Therehasbeena[25]growtheverywhereinthenumbersof

robots,soweadmitweareeitherdeceiving[26]orthatthemarketisslowly

growing."saidJohnReekie,chairmanofColenRobotics."Thefollowingthingsmust

happen[27]theroboticsrevolutiontooccur.Wemustachievewidespread

robotliteracy,[28]therehasbeenacomputer[29]program.There

mustbearobotpolicy.Finally,somekindof[30]intelligenceneedstobe

[31]JColenmakeseducationalrobotsandmachinetools.Itissmall[32]

withcompanieslikeASEAorFujitsuFanuc.ButGalenwithothersand

departmentsinuniversitiessuchasSurrey,Manchester,andDurhampossessan

advantage[33]thegiants.Thebigcompaniessellveryexpensive[34]

tobusinesseswithexpertknowledgeinautomation.The[35]

companiesmakerobotsforteachingpeople,andnowtheyhaverealizedthatthereisa

needfbrsmall.[36]robotsthattheycanmeet.Thelittlecompanieseither

bringtheireducationalmachines[37]anindustrialstandardordesignfromthe

start.Onetechniquethattheyalladoptistochoose[38]componentswhere

possible.Themajorcostofmaking[39]theirmodelsistheelectronics,which

willfallinprice.Thereis[40]scopeforreductionsinmechanicalcosts.The

sueofstandardparts,whicharceasilyreplaced,shouldgivetheserobotsamechanical

lifeofsomethingintheorderoffiveyears.

21、[21]

A、small

B、educational

C、big

D、business

标准答案：c

知识点解析：考查形容词与上下文理解。前面一句说的是大型机器人的制造商十多

年来一直在解释这些机器的作用，而此句说的是现在的情况，说明这种大型机器人

己经供大于求，因此承前选[C]。

22、【22】

A、claimed

B、called

C>spoken

D、told

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考查动词辨义与表达。claimtobc/do是常用表达，指“声称如何”，此

处是用被动语态。call和期1都是及物动词且可跟双宾语，speak后只跟语言作宾语

或者用作不及物动词，都不用于这一表达中。

23、[23]

A、as

with

C、over

D、in

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考查搭配。difficulty后用介词in引出限定内容，指做某事有困难。

24、[24]

A、money

B、discounts

C、prices

D^costs

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考查名词辨义与上下文理解。money钱；discounl折扣；price价格，

价钱：cost代价，成本。由于谓语动词是。ffer（提供），且由常识与上下文可知一种

新品打入市场时应该是用打折的方法，因此选[B|。

25、[25]

A、exciting

B、encouraging

C^despairing

D、disappointing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考查形容词与上下文理解。exciting令人兴奋的；encouraging令人鼓

舞的despairing绝望的（一般用于修饰人）disappointing令人失望的。由上下文文意

可知，这里应指对机器人的需求增长并不像人们预期的那样，因此选［D］。

26、［26］

A、ourselves

B、customers

C^companies

D、us

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考查搭配。deceiveoneself是固定搭配，指“自欺欺人”。其余三项填

人都不合逻辑。

27、［27］

A、to

B、for

C、in

D、with

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考查介词与上下文理解。由空格后的结构可以看出，这里是不定式的

复合结构作介词宾语，且由句意可知表示的是目的，因此选for。

28、［28］

A、asif

B、eventhough

C、justas

D、although

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考查固定搭配与上下文理解。asif似乎，好像；eventhough即使；

justas正如；allhough尽管，虽然。由上下文与常识可知，这里是将已有的电脑教

育与尚未推广的机器人教育进行类比，因此选［C］。

29、［29］

A、custom

literacy

C、poem

D、tradition

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考查名词与上下文理解。custom风俗，习俗literacy了解和使用某物

的能力；poem诗；iradilion传统。由于前一分句中已经提到了literacy一词,且其

他三项都不用computer修饰，因此承前选［B］。

30、［30］

A^artificial

B、human

C、wise

D、high

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考查形容词与上下文理解。由于文章谈论的是机器人，属于一种人工

智能，且选项中只有［A］、［B］两项能修饰intelligence,而［B］填入不合逻辑，因此

只能选［A］。

31、［31］

A、capable

B、possible

C、probable

D^available

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考查形容词与上下文理解。c即able有能力的（它单用时一般作定语，

作表语时多与of连用）；possible可能的；probable很可能的available可得到的。由

空格前的needs可知只能选［D］,指“需要有（某种形式的人工智能）、

32、【32】

A、compared

BNcomparing

C、contrasted

D、contrasting

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考查固定搭配与上下文理解。由上下文可以看出，这里是将两种机器

人制造厂商的规模进行比较.故选［A］.构成comparewith（与…相比）这一固定搭

配。

33、【33】

A^than

B、above

C>over

D、from

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考查介词与搭配。在进行优势上的比较时，advanlage后用介词over

引出被比对象。

34、［34］

A、tools

robots

C、equipment

D^electronics

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考查上下文理解。由前面一句可知，此句中的Ihebigcompanies指的

就是大的机器人制造公司，因此其产品肯定就是机器人，选[B]。lool工具；

equipment设备；electronics电子设备，电子学。尽管它们有时可以用来指机器人，

但不如[B]具体。

35、[35]

A、other

B、big

C、little

D^robot

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考查形容词与上下文理解。这一段都是在对比大小两种规模的机器人

制造厂商，而前面一句说明的是大公司，那么此处就是指小的机器人制造公司了，

因此选与前文中big相对的little。

36、[36]

A、expensive

B、artificial

C^educational

D、low-cost

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考查上下文理解。参见前面几题的分析。此处同样是将小公司生产的

小机器人价格与大公司生产的大机器人进行对比，因此选与前文中expensive（昂贵

的）相对的low-cost（低成本的）o

37、[37]

A、upto

B、to

C、in

D、about

标准答案:A

知识点解析：考查固定搭配。bring...upto将…提升到；bring...to将…带到;

bring...in赚取，实现，使参与;bring...about将…带到家里，说服，使同意。由上

下文文意及常识可知这里指小公司一开始就将教育用的机器人提高到工业化标准，

因此选[A]。

38、[38]

A、mechanical

standard

C、cheap

D^small

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考查形容词与上下文理解。standardcomponenl是习惯搭配，指“标准

部件"；mechanical机械方面的：che叩便宜的；small小的。这三项填入都不合逻

辑。

39、［39］

A、much

13、many

C、both

D、some

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考查限定词。由空格后的their指的是大公司与小公司可知应选表示

“两者”的botho

40、［40］

A、more

B、less

C、no

D、least

标准答案：D

知识点解析：考查形容词与上下文理解。由上下文可知，这里是将电子元件价格变

化趋势（willfall）与机械部件进行比较，且由文意与常识可知这里指的是后者的价格

下降空间较小,故选［B］。

六、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分，共20分。）

WhenwethinkofHollywood—atermIuselooselytodescribeAmericanmovie

productioningeneral,notsimplyfilmsmadeinLosAngeles—wethinkoffilmsaimed

atmusingaudiencesandmakingmoneyforproducers.Duringtheearlyyearsofthenew

century,asworkerswontheirdemandsfbrhigherwagesandashorterworkingweek,

leisureassumedanincreasinglyimportantroleineverydaylife.Amusementparks,

professionalbaseballgames,nickelodeons,anddancehallsattractedawidearmyofmen

andwomananxioustospendtheirhard-earneddollarsinthepursuitoffunand

relaxation.Yetofallthesenewculturalendeavours,filmswerethemostimportantand

widelyattendedsourceofamusement.Foramerefiveortencents,eventhepoorest

workercouldaffordtotakehimselfandhisfamilytothelocalnickelodeonorstorefront

theatre"Everylittletownthathasneverbeenabletoaffordandmaintainanopera

house,"observedonejournalistin1908,"nowboastsoneortwo'BijouDreams'"By1910

theappealoffilmswassogreatthatnearlyone-thirdofthenationflockedtothecinema

eachweek;tenyearslater,weeklyattendanceequaled50percentofthenation's

population.Earlyfilmswereprimarilyaimedatentertainingaudiences,butentertainment

didnotalwayscomeintheformofescapistfantasies.Manyoftheissuesthatdominated

Progressive-erapoliticswerealsoportrayedonthescreen."Between1900and1917,”

observesKevinBrownlow,"literallythousandsoffilmsdealtwiththemostpressing

problemsoftheday—whiteslavery,politicalcorruption,gangsterism,loansharking,

slumlandlords,capitalvslabour,racialprejudice,etc."Whilemostofthesefilmswere

producedbystudiosandindependentcompanies,asignificantnumberweremadeby

whatwemightcalltoday"specialinterestgroups".Asfilmsquicklyemergedasthe

nation'smostpopularformofmassentertainment,theyattractedtheattentionofawide

rangeoforganizationsthatrecognizedthemedium'senormouspotentialfor

disseminatingpropagandatomillionsofviewers.

41、Inthispassage,"Hollywood"isusedtodescribe.

A、Americanmoviesproductioningeneral

B、filmsmadeinLosAngeles

C、anareainLosAngeles,famousbecausemanypopularfilmshavebeenproduced

there

D、filmaimedatamusingaudiencesandmakingmoneyforthem

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：细节题.作者在文章第一句中即交代说他用Hollywood这个词来宽泛

地指美国的电影制造业(atermIuselooselytodescribeAmericanmovieproductionin

general),因此本题答案是［A］。

42、Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、mostofthefilm-goerswereworkingpeople

filmsweremoreinterestingthanprofessionalbaseballgames

C>peoplewereeagertospendtheirmoneyonamusementandrelaxation

D、filmswerethemostimportantandwidelyenjoyedamusement

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：分析推理题。由第二段第二句中的tospendtheirhard-earneddollarsin

thepursuitoffunandrelaxation可似推知去看电影的人大多数都是工薪阶层，因此

［A］是对的。［B］在文章中没有体现，而［C］、［D］两项都是文中明示的信息，不符合

题中infer的要求。

43、"BijouDreams"inthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto"

A^operahouses

B、amusementparks

C、cinemas

D^smallandprettyplaces

标准答案：C

知识点.析：词义推测超，由该词所在句前后意思上的关联性可推知它应与前面提

到的anoperahouse(剧院)一样属于娱乐场所，而文章整体谈论的是电影，同后一句

中紧跟着出现了cinema这个词，因此BijouDreams应当与cinemas的意思最接

近。

44>Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraphthat.

A、fewofthesocialandpoliticalproblemswerereflectedonthescreenofthefilms

B、filmsoftendealtwiththemostimportantproblemsoftheday

C、films,quicklybecameaverypopularformofentertainment

D、becauseofthelargeattendance,filmshadagreatinfluenceonalargenumberof

people

标准答案：D

知识点解析：分析推理题。由文章最后一句中的theyattractedtheattentionofawide

rangeof...tomillionsofviewers可推知［D］是正确的。［A］与该段第二句的意思相反；

［B］扩大了原文意思；［C］则是文章第二段己经指出的一个事实，并非由最后一段得

出的结论。

45Thepassagemmainlyabout.

A^theterm-Hollywood

B、Americanmovieproduction

C、thehistoryandfunctionofthefilm

D、theearlyfilms

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。文章第一段点明话题，第二段简单回顾了美国电影的发展

史，第三段则说明了早期美国电影的一些功能（除娱乐外，还反映当时的社会和政

治问题），因此选概括了这两个方面的［0。

Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparent

abundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationingisvirtuallysuspended,and

overseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereis

widespreaduneasinessandconfusionWhydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthere

seemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcome

tostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodat

home?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworld

foodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceof

twosuccessfulgrainharvestsinNorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.Mostof

Britain'soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproduction

hasalsoraised.Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeen

madeworsebysimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdown

ofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareover-stockedwithfoodnotonlybecause

thereismorefoodavailablebutalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,are

buyinglessofit.Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworld

priceshavebeguntofallwiththeresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,is

oftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.

Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthis

trend.Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theolder

generationshaveseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarket

guarantees,farmersfeartheyarcabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsanda

shrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,

andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeated

ministerialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworkingvery

well.

46、Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphis.

A、toshowthereasonoffoodshortage

B、toexplaintheconflictbetweenthesurplusoffoodSupplyandrisingprices

C、toshowthedeterioratinglivingconditionsoffarmers

D、toanalyzethemarketdemandforfoodsupply

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。本题要推断的是段落的写作目的。第一段先是指出了一些事

实(食品变得丰富)，然后提出人们对■这一状况的uneasinessandconfusion,并且用

几个问句表达了人们对食品丰富、但食品价格反而上涨了的疑问。因此，该段实际

上是指出了供应过剩与吩格上涨之间的矛盾之处，答案是［B］。

47、Themainreasonforthisriseinfoodpricesisthat.

A^domesticfoodproductionhasdecreased

B、thegovernmentisprovidinglesssupportforagriculture

C、importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigher

D、peoplearebuyinglessimportedfood

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。答案信息对应于第三段第一句：...duechieflylolhegradual

cuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood,只是在表达上与［B］稍有区别。

48、Thedecreaseinworldfoodpriceswasaresultof.

A、asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumers

asharpfallintheuosloffoodpiuduuliuu

C、theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountries

D、theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfoodexportingcountries

标准答案：D

知识点解析：分析推理题。文章第三段第三句后半部分指出，世界食品价格下降导

致了除粮食外的进口食品通常比国内生产的食品要便宜(...withtheresultthat

importedfood...isoftencheaper),而由第二段两句可知，它们价格便宜的原因是因

为粮食丰收和海外供应充足，因此本题答案是［D］。

49>Whydidn'tthegovernment'sexpansionprogramworkverywell?

A、Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.

B、Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernment,

guaranteed.

C>Becausethefarmerswereuncertainwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheir

product.

D、Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerswerestronglyagainsttheprogram.

标准答案：A''

知识点解析：细节题。答案信息对应于最后一段第二句：farmersfeartheyareabout

to...homemarket,其意就是农民对扩种结果的担心，这实际上是后一句指出政府扩

种计划没有成效的原因，选［A］。

50>WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain'sfoodproductionatthetimeofwritingthis

article?

A、ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.

Anexpansion6ffoodproductionwasaihand.

C>Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.

D、Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：分析推理题。由第一段最后一句(Nooneknowswhattoexpect)及文章

最后一句中的butrepealedministerialadvice...isnotworkingverywell可知作者对英

国食品产业的前景持悲观态度，选［D］。

Notalldecisionsarealike.Noriseverydecisionmadeinthesamemanner.Although

someactionsyouundertakederivetheirbasisfromnewlymadedecisions,thereareother

instanceswhendccision-inakingdocsnotreallytakeplace.Thelatter,accordingto

DeaconandFirebaugh,mayinvolveroutine,programmed,impulsiveorintuitiveaction.

Whenyouwakeupinthemorningandpreparetoattendclass,doyouconsciouslymake

decisionsaboutsuchthingsaswhichsideofyourhair(ocombfirst,howtobrushyour

teeth,orwhichshoetoputonfirst?Probablynot.Althoughyoumayhavemadea

consciousdecisionaboutwhatyouweregoingtoweartoclass,youprobablydidn'tspend

anytimeinmakingadecisionabouthowtogetreadytoattendclass.Everyindividual

hascertainhabitsorroutinebehaviors.Althoughtheyoriginatedfromdecisionsmadeat

anearliertimeinyourlife,younolongerconsciouslymakethesedecisionseachtime

youundertakethistypeofaction.Routineplansoractionsserveausefulpurposeinyour

dailylifeandmanagement.Howlongwouldittakeyoutogetup,getready,andwalkto

classifyouhadtomakeseparatedecisionsforeachactionyoutake?Youuseroutine

plansoractionresourcestomakenewdecisions.Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsor

routinesyoufollow,youalsohavecertainspecificactionsyouundertakeinagiven

situation.Thesearccalledprogrammeddecisions.Programmeddecisionsarcdifferent

fromroutines.Routineplansoractionsarepatternsofbehavioral,actionsrepeatedly

undertakenonaconsistentandregularbasis.Programmeddecisions,ontheotherhand,

utilizeyourpastexperienceinasimilarsituationForinstance,youknowyouaregoingto

haveatest.Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillhadoneusingyourknowledgeofa

similarexperience.Thedegreeofsuccesspreviouslyachievedwillbeadeterminantin

how.when,where,andthelengthoftimeyoustudyforthistest.Programmeddecisions,

likeroutinesarcaresourceinyourmanagement.Whentheactionundertakenprovesto

besuccessfulyourepeatthesameactionthenexttimewhenasimilarsituationoccurs.

Thissuccessfulachievement,measuredbythesatisfactionyoureceived,determineswhen

andtheextenttowhichyoumodifytheoriginaldecisionbeforeemployingitagainin

otherlikesituations.Bothroutineandprogrammeddecisionsserveusefulpurposes.They

actasresourcesbyeliminatingtheneedtomakenewdecisions.Theyalsoevaluate

managerialaction.Thesuccessyouachieveenablesyoutoby-passorminimizetheuse

ofthedecision-makingprocess.

51Peoplemayspendtimeinmakingdecisionsabout.

A、howtopreparetogotoschool

B、howtohavethebreakfast

C、whatclothestoweartoclass

D^whichshoetoputonfirst

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。由笫一段倒数第三句中youmayhavemadeaconscious

decisionaboutwhatyouweregoingtoweartoclass-一处可知作者认为人们可能有意

识地决定穿什么衣服去上课，选［C］其余三项都是该段指出的无意识行为。

52、Programmeddecisiondifferfromroutinesinthat.

A^theycanbringpeoplealotoftrouble

B、theymaybeusedtoevaluatemanagerialactions

C^theycanusethepreviousexperienceinalikesituation

D^theyareonaconsistentandregularbasis

标准答案：C

知识点解析：分析推理题。文章第三段对比了programmeddecision与routines的区

别。由该段第四句后的内容可知［C］对。

53、Routineplansoractionsserveausefulpurposebecausethey.

A^cansavepeopleplentyoftime

BNmaymeasurethesuccesspeoplehaveachieved

C、enablepeopletomakebetterdecisions

D^canensureagood'scoreinanexam

标准答案：A

知识点解析：分析推理题。文章第二段第一句指出日常计划或行为对日常生活和管

理很有用，然后用howlong引出问句，表明如果每件事都要作出决定会很耗时，

由此可以推知作者的意思是它们能节省时间。

54、People'sdecisionofthemethodofstudyingfbratestoriginatesfrom.

A、habitualbehaviors

B、programmeddecisions

C、impulsiveactions

D、intuitiveactions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：分析推理题。第三段中yourmethodofstudyingforthistest是作为

programmeddecision的一个例子提出亲的，因此本题答藁为［B］。

55、Thebesttitleforthispassageis

A、TheFunctionsoftheProgrammedDecisions

B、TheClassificationsofDecision-Making

C^ThePurposeofRoutineDecisions

D、TheOriginofDifferentDecisions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。文章说明的是人们在作出决定时，routines和programmed

decision这两种方式的异同，涉及的是作出决定的分类，因此［B］最能概括文章主

旨。

Thefossilremainsofthefirstflyingvertebrates,thepterosaurs,haveintrigued

paleontologistsformorethantwocenturies,Howsuchlargecreatures,whichweighedin

someeasesasmuchasapilotedhang-gliderandhadwingspansfrom8to12meters,

solvedtheproblemsofpoweredflight,andexactlywhatthesecreatureswere—reptiles

orbirds—areamongthequestionsscientistshavepuzzledover.Perhapstheleast

controversialassertionaboutthepterosaursisthattheywerereptiles.Theirskulls,

pelvises,andhindfeetarereptilian.Theanatomyoftheirwingssuggeststhattheydidnot

evolveintotheclassofbirds.Inpterosaursagreatlyelongatedfourthfingerofeach

forelimbsupportedawinglikemembrane.Theotherfingerswereshortandreptilian,

withsharpclaws.Inbirdsthesecondfingeristheprincipalstrutofthewing,which

consistsprimarilyoffeathers.Ifthepterosaurswalkedonailfours,thethreeshortfingers

mayhavebeenemployedforgrasping.Whenapterosaurwalkedorremainedstationary,

thefourthfinger,andwithitthewing,couldonlyturnupwardinanextendedinvertedV-

shapealongeachsideoftheanimal'sbody.Thepterosaursresembledbothbirdsandhats

intheiroverallstructureandproportions.Thisisnotsurprisingbecausethedesignofany

flyingvertebrateissubjecttoaerodynamicconstraints.Boththepterosaursandthebirds

havehollowbones,afeaturethatrepresentsasavingsinweight.Inthebirds,however,

thesebonesarereinforcedmoremassivelybyinternalstruts.Althoughscalestypically

coverreptiles,thepterosaursprobablyhadhairycoats.T.H.Huxleyreasonedthatflying

vertebratesmusthavebeenwarm-bloodedbecauseflyingimpliesahighrateof

metabolism,whichinturnimpliesahighinternaltemperature.Huxleyspeculatedthata

coatofhairwouldinsulateagainstlossofbodyheatandmightstreamlinethebodyto

reducedraginflight.Therecentdiscoveryofapterosaurspecimencoveredinlong,

dense,andrelativelythickhair-likefossilmaterialwasthefirstclearevidencethathis

reasoningwascorrect.Effortstoexplainhowthepterosaursbecameairbornehaveledto

suggestionsthattheylaunchedthemselvesbyjumpingfromcliffs,bydroppingfromtrees

orevenbyrisingintolightwindsfromthesurfacesofwavesEachhypothesishasits

difficulties.Thefirstwronglyassumesthatthepterosaurs'hindfeetresembledahat'sand

couldserveashooksbyv/hichtheanimalcouldhanginpreparationforflight.The

secondhypothesisseemsunlikelybecauselargepterosaurscouldnothavelandedintrees

withoutdamagingtheirwings.Thethirdcallsforhighwavestochannelupdrafts.The

windthatmadesuchwaveshowever,mighthavebeentoostrongforthepterosaursto

controltheirflightonceairborne.

56、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsnowgenerallyagreethatthe

A^enormouswingspansofthepterosaursenabledthemtoflygreatdistances

B>structureoftheskeletonofthepterosaurssuggestsacloseevolutionaryrelationship

tohats

C^fossilremainsofthepterosaursr