2026年广东省苏教版高三英语第12单元语法练习题

2026年广东省苏教版高三英语第12单元语法练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The12thunitofthe2026GuangdongProvinceSujiueditionseniorhighschoolEnglishcurriculumfocusesonadvancedgrammaticalstructures,particularlytheperfectcontinuoustense.Whichofthefollowingsentencescorrectlyusesthistensetodescribeanactioninprogressataspecificpointinthepast?A.Shehadwrittenthreeessayswhentheteacherenteredtheclassroomyesterday.B.Theywereplayingbasketballwhentherainstarted.C.HehasbeenstudyingEnglishforfiveyears.D.Thestudentshadfinishedtheirhomeworkbeforethebellrang.解析：选项A正确使用了过去完成进行时（hadbeenwriting），强调过去某个时间点（whentheteacherentered）动作的持续性。选项B使用一般过去时（wereplaying），描述过去发生的动作。选项C使用现在完成进行时（hasbeenstudying），强调动作从过去持续到现在。选项D使用过去完成时（hadfinished），表示动作在另一个过去动作之前完成。题干核心考查过去完成进行时的用法，干扰项通过其他时态混淆视听。2.Inthe12thunit,studentsarerequiredtomasterthemodalverbsofdeduction(must,might,could,may)toexpresscertaintyorpossibility.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesamodalverbtomakealogicaldeductionaboutthepast?A.Thewindowisbroken;therefore,thewindmusthaveblownitopenlastnight.B.Shedidn’tattendthemeeting;shemaybesick.C.Hecouldhavelosthiskeys,buthefoundthemlater.D.Theymightgototheparty,buttheyhaven’tdecidedyet.解析：选项A正确使用musthave+过去分词，表示对过去动作的确定性推断。选项B使用maybesick，表示对现在状态的推测，而非过去。选项C使用couldhave+过去分词，表示对过去未发生动作的可能性，但题干要求“deduction”，即基于证据的推断，因此不适用。选项D使用might，表示对未来的可能性。干扰项通过时态和语境混淆，但题干明确要求“deduction”。3.The12thunitintroducespassivevoicewithmodalverbs,suchas"mightbewritten"or"couldhavebeenrepaired."Whichsentencecorrectlyusesamodalverbinthepassivevoicetodescribeapastaction?A.Thereportwillbefinishedbytomorrow.B.Thebookwaswrittenbyhimlastyear.C.Thecarcouldhavebeendamagedbythestorm.D.Theyshouldhavebeeninvitedtotheconference.解析：选项C正确使用couldhavebeendamaged，表示过去动作的可能性（被动语态+情态动词）。选项A使用一般将来时，排除。选项B使用一般过去时的主动语态，排除。选项D使用shouldhavebeeninvited，但题干要求“modalverb”，而should属于情态动词，但此处时态错误。干扰项通过时态和语态的混用制造迷惑。4.The12thunitemphasizesreportedspeechwithchangesinpronounsandtense.Whichsentencecorrectlytransformsthefollowingdirectspeechintoreportedspeech?"Shesaid,'Iamgoingtothelibrarytomorrow.'"A.Shesaidthatshewasgoingtothelibrarythenextday.B.Shesaidthatshegoestothelibrarytomorrow.C.Shesaidthatshewillgotothelibrarytomorrow.D.Shesaidthatshehadgonetothelibrarythenextday.解析：选项A正确转换了直接引语为间接引语，包括：①人称代词从“我”变为“她”；②be动词从现在时变为过去时；③时间状语从句“明天”变为“第二天”。选项B未改变be动词时态，错误。选项C保留了原时态，错误。选项D错误地使用了过去完成时，排除。干扰项通过时态和人称混淆制造干扰。5.The12thunitcoversconditionalsentencestype3,whichdescribeshypotheticalsituationsinthepast.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesthisstructure?A.IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldpasstheexam.B.IfIgototheparty,Iwillhavefun.C.Ifshehadcalledyou,youwouldhaveknown.D.Iftheyweretowinthegame,theywouldcelebrate.解析：选项A正确使用条件状语从句的过去虚拟语气（hadstudied,wouldpass），描述与过去事实相反的假设。选项B使用一般现在时和将来时，排除。选项C错误地将主句和从句的时态混淆，排除。选项D使用“wereto+动词原形”，表示对未来的可能性，而非过去。干扰项通过时态和条件类型混淆。6.The12thunitintroducesadverbialclausesoftimeandreason,suchas"while"and"because."Whichsentencecorrectlyusesaconjunctiontoexpressasimultaneousactioninthepast?A.Shewasreadingabookbecauseshewasbored.B.Whiletheteacherwasexplainingthelesson,thestudentsweretakingnotes.C.Hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkalthoughhewastired.D.IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldstudyharder.解析：选项B正确使用while引导时间状语从句，描述过去两个同时发生的动作。选项A使用because表示原因，排除。选项C使用although表示让步，排除。选项D使用if引导条件状语从句，排除。干扰项通过从句类型混淆。7.The12thunitfocusesonmodalverbsofobligation(must,haveto)andtheirdifferences.Whichsentencecorrectlyexpressesapastobligationusing"musthave"?A.Youmustcleanyourroomeveryday.B.Shemusthavefinishedherhomeworklastnight.C.Hehastogotothedoctortomorrow.D.Theyhadtowaitforanhourbecauseofthetraffic.解析：选项B正确使用musthave+过去分词，表示对过去动作的推测性义务。选项A使用must，表示现在的义务。选项C使用haveto，表示客观necessity。选项D使用hadto，表示过去的necessity。干扰项通过时态和情态动词混淆。8.The12thunitincludesdirectandindirectquestions,suchas"Didyouseehim?"vs."IaskedifIhadseenhim."Whichsentencecorrectlytransformsthefollowingdirectquestionintoindirectquestion?"Wheredidtheygolastweekend?"A.Heaskedwheretheyhadgonethepreviousweekend.B.Sheaskediftheywenttotheparklastweekend.C.TheyaskedmewhereIhadbeen.D.Heaskedwhethertheyhadbeentothebeach.解析：选项A正确转换了直接问句为间接问句，包括：①疑问词从“Where”变为“where”；②时态从过去时变为过去完成时；③主语从“they”变为“I”（询问者视角）。选项B未改变时态，错误。选项C错误地将主语和间接问句的主语混淆，排除。选项D使用whether，而非where，排除。干扰项通过疑问词和时态混淆。9.The12thunitdiscussesinversionwithadverbs(e.g.,"NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset").Whichsentencecorrectlyusesinversiontoemphasizeapastaction?A.Notonlydidshepasstheexam,butshealsowontheaward.B.Hardlyhadthesunrisenwhenthebirdsbegantosing.C.Onlythendidtheyrealizetheirmistake.D.NeverwillIforgetthedaywemet.解析：选项B正确使用Hardly...when...结构，表示过去两个几乎同时发生的动作，且主句使用倒装（hadthesunrisen）。选项A使用Notonly...butalso...结构，但未倒装。选项C使用Onlythen...结构，但未倒装。选项D使用NeverwillIforget，表示将来，排除。干扰项通过倒装结构混淆。10.The12thunitintroducesrelativeclauseswithnon-definingrelativepronouns(who,which,that).Whichsentencecorrectlyusesanon-definingrelativeclausetoprovideadditionalinformationaboutapastevent?A.Thebookthatshereadlastnightwasveryinteresting.B.Themanwholivesnextdoorismyneighbor.C.Thepartywherewedancedwasfun.D.Thegirlwhosefatherisadoctorstudiedhard.解析：选项B正确使用非限定性定语从句（wholivesnextdoor），补充说明“theman”的身份，且从句独立成句（ismyneighbor）。选项A使用限定性定语从句，排除。选项C使用where，但先行词应为“place”（party不能作先行词），排除。选项D使用whose，但先行词应为“girl”（father不能作先行词），排除。干扰项通过从句类型和先行词混淆。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The12thunitemphasizestheuseofmodalverbstoexpressdeduction.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformof"musthave":"Thegroundiswet;it_______lastnight."参考答案：musthaverained解析：根据“groundiswet”和“lastnight”的语境，使用musthaverained表示对过去下雨的确定性推测。情态动词的完成时态用于推测过去动作。2.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofpassivevoicewithmodalverbs:"Thisreport_______bythemarketingteambyFriday."参考答案：shouldbefinished解析：根据时间状语“byFriday”和情态动词“should”，使用shouldbefinished表示对将来动作的期望。被动语态强调动作承受者。3.Transformthefollowingdirectspeechintoreportedspeech:"Hesaid,'Iwillcallyoutomorrow.'"参考答案：Hesaidthathewouldcallmethenextday.解析：直接引语转为间接引语时，时态从将来时（willcall）变为过去将来时（wouldcall），人称代词从“我”变为“me”。4.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofconditionalsentencetype3:"IfI_______moretimelastweek,I_______theprojectbetter."参考答案：hadhad,wouldhavefinished解析：条件状语从句使用过去完成时（hadhad），主句使用过去虚拟语气（wouldhavefinished），表示与过去事实相反的假设。5.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofadverbialclauseofreason:"Shestayedhomebecause_______."参考答案：shewassick解析：because引导原因状语从句，时态保持与主句一致（一般过去时）。6.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofmodalverbofobligation:"You_______yourhomeworkbeforethedeadline,oryouwillfail."参考答案：mustdo解析：must表示强烈的义务，时态为一般现在时。7.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofdirectandindirectquestion:"Iaskedher_______tothepartylastnight."参考答案：ifshehadgone解析：直接问句“Didshego?”转为间接问句时，时态从一般过去时变为过去完成时，疑问词从“Did”变为“if”，人称代词从“she”变为“she”。8.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofinversionwithadverb:"Notonly_______thestudentspassedtheexam,buttheyalsowontheprize."参考答案：didthestudents解析：Notonly位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装（助动词did提前）。9.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofnon-definingrelativeclause:"Mybrother,_______livesinNewYork,isadoctor."参考答案：wholives解析：非限定性定语从句用逗号隔开，关系代词用who指代“brother”。10.Completethesentencewiththecorrectformofperfectcontinuoustense:"Bythetimetheteacherarrived,thestudents_______foranhour."参考答案：hadbeenwaiting解析：bythetime引导时间状语从句，主句使用过去完成进行时，强调动作的持续性。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thesentence"Hemighthavegonetothelibrary"correctlyusesamodalverbtoexpressapossibilityinthepast.(True)解析：mighthave+过去分词表示对过去动作的可能性推测，符合语法规则。2.Thetransformation"Shesaid,'Iwastired.'"→"Shesaidthatshewastired."isincorrectbecausethetensechanges.(False)解析：直接引语转为间接引语时，如果主句时态为过去时，从句时态通常不变（was→was），但若主句为现在时，则需变（was→am）。此处题干未说明主句时态，但一般考试默认为过去时，因此转换正确。3.Thesentence"IfIhadstudied,Iwouldpass"isacorrectexampleofconditionalsentencetype3.(True)解析：条件状语从句使用过去完成时（hadstudied），主句使用过去虚拟语气（wouldpass），符合条件句3结构。4.Theadverb"because"canintroduceanon-definingrelativeclause.(False)解析：because引导原因状语从句，且为限定性从句（不能加逗号），非限定性定语从句用who/which/that等。5.Thepassivevoice"Thebookwasreadbyher"isgrammaticallycorrect.(True)解析：一般过去时的被动语态结构为“be动词过去式+过去分词”，符合语法规则。6.Thesentence"Shesaidthatshewillcallme"iscorrectwhentransforming"Shesaid,'Iwillcallyou'."(False)解析：直接引语转为间接引语时，若主句时态为过去时，从句时态应从将来时（willcall）变为过去将来时（wouldcall）。7.Themodalverb"shouldhave"expressesapastobligationthatwasnotfulfilled.(True)解析：shouldhave+过去分词表示对过去未完成义务的批评或遗憾，符合语法规则。8.Thesentence"NeverdidIseesuchabeautifulsunset"isincorrectbecauseinversionisnotneededhere.(False)解析：Never位于句首时，主句需使用部分倒装（助动词did提前），符合语法规则。9.Therelativeclause"Themanwholivesnextdoorismyneighbor"isnon-definingbecauseitisessentialtoidentifytheman.(False)解析：限定性定语从句（用that/which/who）是必要的，非限定性定语从句（用who/which/that）是补充信息（用逗号隔开）。10.Thesentence"BythetimeIarrived,Ihadbeenwaitingfortwohours"correctlyusestheperfectcontinuoustense.(True)解析：bythetime引导时间状语从句，主句使用过去完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，符合语法规则。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"musthavedone"and"mustdo"intermsoftimeandcertainty.参考答案：-"Musthavedone"expressesapastdeduction(e.g.,"Hemusthaveleft"impliesheleftsometimeagobasedonevidence).-"Mustdo"expressesapresentobligation(e.g.,"Youmustfinishyourhomeworknow").解析：时间上，“musthavedone”针对过去，“mustdo”针对现在；确定性上，“musthavedone”是推测，“mustdo”是命令。2.Howdoesthetransformationfromdirecttoindirectspeechaffectpronounsandtense?参考答案：-Pronouns:Directspeechuses"I/me,"whileindirectspeechuses"he/she/it"(fromthespeaker’sperspective).-Tense:Ifthemainclauseisinthepast,thetenseinthesubordinateclauseshifts(e.g.,"will"→"would").解析：转换时人称代词和时态需根据语境调整，以体现间接性。3.Whatisthestructureofaconditionalsentencetype3,andwhenisitused?参考答案：-Structure:If+pastperfect,...wouldhave+pastparticiple.-Usage:Describeshypotheticalsituationsinthepastthatdidnothappen.解析：条件句3用于描述与过去事实相反的假设，强调未发生的可能性。4.Whyisinversionusedwithadverbslike"Never"?参考答案：-Inversion(e.g.,"NeverdidIsee")emphasizestheadverbandaddsstylisticformality.-Itavoidsstartingasentencewithadoublenegative(e.g.,"Ineversaw").解析：倒装用于强调并符合语法规则，避免双重否定。5.Howdoyoudistinguishbetweenadefiningandnon-definingrelativeclause?参考答案：-Defining:Essentialtothemeaning(nocommas),e.g.,"Themanwholivesnextdoor..."-Non-defining:Additionalinformation(comma-separated),e.g.,"Mybrother,wholivesnextdoor..."解析：限定性从句不可省略，非限定性从句可省略。6.Whatisthefunctionof"mighthave"inasentence?参考答案：-Expressesapastpossibilitybasedonlimitedevidence.-Example:"Shemighthavemissedthebus"impliesuncertaintyaboutapastevent.解析：mighthave用于推测过去动作的可能性，语气比musthave弱。7.Whyistheperfectcontinuoustenseusedwith"bythetime"?参考答案：-Emphasizesthedurationofanactionuptoaspecificpasttime.-Example:"BythetimeIarrived,Ihadbeenwaitingforanhour"highlightsthewaitingperiod.解析：完成进行时强调动作的持续性，符合bythetime的语境。8.Whatistheruleforusing"because"inreportedspeech?参考答案：-"Because"remainsunchangedinreportedspeechbecauseitintroducesalimitingclause(cannotbeomitted).-Example:"Shesaid,'IleftbecauseIwastired.'"→"Shesaidthatsheleftbecauseshewastired."解析：because引导的原因状语从句在间接引语中不可省略。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Transformthefollowingdirectspeechintoreportedspeech,payingattentiontopronouns,tense,andadverbs:"Theteachersaid,'YoumustfinishthisassignmentbyFriday.'Sheadded,'Ifyoudon’t,youwillfailthecourse.'"参考答案：TheteachersaidthatwemustfinishtheassignmentbyFridayandthatifwedidn’t,wewouldfailthecourse.解析：主句时态为过去时，从句时态从现在时（must）和一般将来时（willfail）分别变为过去时（must）和过去将来时（wouldfail）；人称代词从“you”变为“we”；if从句时态不变。2.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformofamodalverbofdeduction:"Thedoorwaslocked,soit_______beenleftopen."参考答案：musthavebeenleft解析：musthave+过去分词表示对过去动作的确定性推测，符合语境。3.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusinginversionwith"Never":"Neverdidsheseesuchabeautifulsunset."参考答案：Neverdidsheseesuchabeautifulsunset.解析：Never位于句首时，主句需使用部分倒装（助动词did提前）。4.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformofanon-definingrelativeclause:"Mysister,_______livesinLondon,isadoctor."参考答案：wholives解析：非限定性定语从句用who指代“sister”，用逗号隔开。5.Transformthefollowingsentenceintopassivevoicewithamodalverb:"Someoneshouldrepairthisroofimmediately."参考答案：Thisroofshouldberepairedimmediately.解析：被动语态（be动词过去式+过去分词）+情态动词（should）。6.Completethefollowingconditionalsentencetype3:"IfI_______moretimeyesterday,I_______theexam."参考答案：hadhad,wouldhavepassed解析：条件状语从句用过去完成时（hadhad），主句用过去虚拟语气（wouldhavepassed）。7.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformofarelativeclause:"Thebook,_______Ireadlastnight,wasveryinteresting."参考答案：whichIread解析：非限定性定语从句用which指代“book”，用逗号隔开。8.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingdirectspeech:"Shesaidthatshehadbeenwaitingfortwohours."参考答案：Shesaid,"Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours."解析：间接引语转为直接引语时，时态从过去完成进行时（hadbeenwaiting）变为现在完成进行时（havebeenwaiting）。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.C4.A5.A6.B7.B8.A9.B10.B二、填空题1.musthaverained2.shouldbefinished3.wouldcallmethenextday4.hadhad,wouldhavefinished5.shewassick6.mustdo7.ifshe