2026年陕西省部编版九年级英语下册第8章词汇练习题及答案

2026年陕西省部编版九年级英语下册第8章词汇练习题及答案第1页共1页2026年陕西省部编版九年级英语下册第8章词汇练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whatdoes"breeze"meaninthesentence"It'saniceday,andthebreezeisgentle"?A.WindB.StormC.RainD.Sun参考答案：A2.Whichwordbestcompletesthesentence"Sheisvery______abouthernewjob"?A.happyB.worriedC.excitedD.angry参考答案：C3.Inthesentence"Hehasastrongsenseofhumor,"whatdoes"senseofhumor"mean?A.AbilitytomakefunofothersB.AbilitytounderstandandappreciatefunnysituationsC.AbilitytotelljokesD.Abilitytocryeasily参考答案：B4.Whatisthepasttenseformoftheverb"togo"?A.WentB.GoingC.GoneD.Goed参考答案：A5.Whichwordmeans"totravelalongdistance"?A.VisitB.JourneyC.StayD.Arrive参考答案：B6.Inthesentence"Thebookisveryinteresting,"whatdoes"interesting"describe?A.TheauthorB.ThebookC.ThereaderD.Thestore参考答案：B7.Whatistheoppositeof"happy"?A.SadB.AngryC.ExcitedD.Boring参考答案：A8.Whichwordmeans"tofeelsick"?A.TiredB.ExhaustedC.IllD.Healthy参考答案：C9.Inthesentence"Sheisatalentedmusician,"whatdoes"talented"mean?A.GoodatplayingmusicB.NotgoodatplayingmusicC.LovesmusicD.Hatesmusic参考答案：A10.Whatisthemeaningoftheword"important"inthesentence"Thisisanimportantdecision"?A.UnimportantB.NecessaryC.UnnecessaryD.Irrelevant参考答案：B二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thenewrulerequiresstudentsto______homeworkeveryday.参考答案：do2.Mysisterisinterestedin______musicandoftenlistenstoitonherwaytoschool.参考答案：listening3.Ifyouwanttostayhealthy,youshouldeatmorefruitsand______.参考答案：vegetables4.Theteacheraskedusto______areportonthehistoryofourcity.参考答案：write5.Heisgoodat______andcanfixthingsaroundthehouseeasily.参考答案：fixing6.Weneedtoprotecttheenvironmentbyreducing______andrecyclingwaste.参考答案：pollution7.ThemoviewassointerestingthatIcouldn't______myeyesoffthescreen.参考答案：take8.Sheisatalentedartistwhocan______beautifulpictureswithjustafewstrokes.参考答案：draw9.It'simportantto______yourgoalsandworkhardtoachievethem.参考答案：set10.Thecompanyislookingforsomeonewithexperiencein______marketing.参考答案：digital三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Theword"breeze"canbeusedtodescribeastrongwind.参考答案：×2."Habitat"isthenaturalenvironmentwhereananimalorplantlives.参考答案：√3.Ifyou"subscribe"toamagazine,youpayforitregularly.参考答案：√4.Theword"attitude"referstoawayoffeelingorthinkingaboutsomething.参考答案：√5."Pioneer"meansthefirstpersontoexploreorsettleinanewarea.参考答案：√6."Consequence"istheresultofanactionorevent.参考答案：√7.Theword"benefit"isanounthatmeansadvantageorgain.参考答案：√8."Determine"isaverbthatmeanstofindoutorfixthenature,position,orlimitsofsomething.参考答案：√9."Familiar"meansknowingsomethingwellbecauseofexperience.参考答案：√10."Analyze"istheprocessofexaminingsomethingmethodicallyandindetailtounderstandit.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.Pleasebrieflydescribethemainfeaturesofacomputervirus.参考答案：Acomputervirusisamalicioussoftwareprogramdesignedtospreadfromonecomputertoanotherandinterferewithcomputeroperation.Itcanreplicateitselfandattachtootherprogramsorfiles,potentiallycausingdamagebycorruptingdata,disruptingsystemoperations,orstealinginformation.2.Whatarethetypicalsymptomsthatindicateacomputermightbeinfectedwithavirus?参考答案：Symptomsofacomputervirusinfectionincludeslowsystemperformance,unexpectedpop-upads,programslaunchingorclosingautomatically,filesdisappearingorbecomingcorrupted,anderrormessagesappearingfrequently.3.ExplainthedifferencebetweenawormandaTrojanhorseintermsoftheirbehaviorandimpactoncomputersystems.参考答案：Awormisaself-replicatingmalwarethatspreadsacrossnetworkswithoutuserintervention,oftenexploitingvulnerabilitiestoinfectmultiplecomputers.Itcanconsumenetworkbandwidthandresources,leadingtosystemslowdowns.ATrojanhorse,ontheotherhand,disguisesitselfaslegitimatesoftwaretotrickusersintodownloadingandinstallingit.Onceinside,itcanperformmaliciousactionslikestealingdataorcreatingbackdoorsforhackers,butitdoesnotself-replicatelikeaworm.4.Howcanusersprotecttheircomputersfromvirusinfections?Listatleastthreeeffectivemeasures.参考答案：Userscanprotecttheircomputersfromvirusinfectionsbyinstallingandregularlyupdatingantivirussoftware,avoidingdownloadingfilesfromuntrustedsources,andkeepingtheoperatingsystemandsoftwareuptodate.Additionally,usingstronganduniquepasswords,enablingfirewalls,andbeingcautiousofphishingemailscanfurtherenhancesecurity.5.Describetheroleofantivirussoftwareinsafeguardingcomputersystemsagainstviruses.参考答案：Antivirussoftwareplaysacrucialroleinsafeguardingcomputersystemsbydetecting,preventing,andremovingvirusesandothermalicioussoftware.Itscansfilesandprogramsforknownthreats,quarantinesordeletesinfectedfiles,andprovidesreal-timeprotectiontoblocksuspiciousactivities.6.Whatisthesignificanceofregularlyupdatingsoftwareandoperatingsystemstopreventvirusattacks?参考答案：Regularlyupdatingsoftwareandoperatingsystemsissignificantbecauseupdatesoftenincludepatchesforsecurityvulnerabilitiesthatvirusesandmalwarecanexploit.Bykeepingsoftwareuptodate,userscanprotecttheirsystemsfromknownthreats,reducetheriskofinfections,andensurethattheircomputersrunsmoothlyandefficiently.7.Howdoesafirewallhelpinprotectingacomputernetworkfromunauthorizedaccessandpotentialvirusthreats?参考答案：Afirewallhelpsprotectacomputernetworkbyactingasabarrierbetweentheinternalnetworkandexternalnetworks,suchastheinternet.Itmonitorsandcontrolsincomingandoutgoingnetworktrafficbasedonpredeterminedsecurityrules,blockingunauthorizedaccessandpotentialvirusthreats.Firewallscanbehardware-based,software-based,oracombinationofboth.8.Brieflyexplainwhatismeantby"virusscanning"andwhyitisanimportantpartofcomputersecurity.参考答案：Virusscanningreferstotheprocessofusingantivirussoftwaretoexaminefiles,programs,andtheentiresystemforvirusesandothermalicioussoftware.Itisanimportantpartofcomputersecuritybecauseithelpsdetectandremovethreatsbeforetheycancauseharm.Regularvirusscanningensuresthatthesystemremainsprotectedagainstnewandemergingviruses.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）TheschoolscienceclubisplanningaspecialeventtocelebrateEarthDay.Theydecidedtoorganizeatree-plantingactivityintheschoolgarden.Manystudentsareinterestedinjoining,andtheclubmembersareworkinghardtoprepare.Theyneedtobuytrees,tools,andgloves.TheeventwilltakeplaceonSaturdaymorning.Volunteersshouldbringwaterandwearcomfortableclothes.It'sagreatopportunitytohelptheenvironmentandmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.Let'sjointheclubandmakeadifference!1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Studentsarediscussingtheweather.B.Thescienceclubisplanninganevent.C.EarthDayisonSaturday.D.Treesareexpensivetobuy.参考答案：B2.Whenwillthetree-plantingactivityhappen?A.OnFridayafternoon.B.OnSaturdaymorning.C.OnSundayevening.D.OnMondaymorning.参考答案：B3.Whatshouldvolunteersbringtotheevent?A.Treesandgloves.B.Waterandcomfortableclothes.C.Toolsandwater.D.Glovesandcomfortableclothes.参考答案：B4.Whyistheeventimportant?A.It'sachancetotalktofriends.B.Ithelpstheenvironment.C.It'safunparty.D.It'sawaytomakemoney.参考答案：B5.Whoisplanningtheevent?A.Teachers.B.Students.C.Parents.D.Scientists.参考答案：B6.Istheeventfreetojoin?A.Yes,everyoneiswelcome.B.No,thereisafee.C.Onlyclubmemberscanjoin.D.Onlystudentscanjoin.参考答案：A7.Whattimeofdayistheevent?A.Morning.B.Afternoon.C.Evening.D.Night.参考答案：A8.Whatwillhappenaftertheevent?A.Theclubwillhaveapicnic.B.Theschoolwillbemorebeautiful.C.Thestudentswillgohome.D.Theclubwillforgetaboutit.参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：A解析：Theword"breeze"inthesentence"It'saniceday,andthebreezeisgentle"referstoagentlewind.OptionA"Wind"correctlymatchesthismeaning.OptionB"Storm"isincorrectasitreferstoasevereweathercondition.OptionC"Rain"isincorrectasitreferstowaterfallingfromthesky.OptionD"Sun"isincorrectasitreferstothestarthatprovideslightandheat.ThecorrectanswerisAbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthemeaningof"breeze"inthecontextofthesentence.2.参考答案：C解析：Thewordthatbestcompletesthesentence"Sheisvery______abouthernewjob"is"excited."OptionC"excited"correctlyconveysapositiveandenthusiasticfeelingaboutanewjob.OptionA"happy"isincorrectasitisageneralpositiveemotionanddoesnotspecificallyrelatetoanewjob.OptionB"worried"isincorrectasitconveysanegativeemotion.OptionD"angry"isincorrectasitconveysanegativeandaggressiveemotion.ThecorrectanswerisCbecauseitaccuratelyfitsthecontextofthesentence.3.参考答案：B解析：Inthesentence"Hehasastrongsenseofhumor,"thephrase"senseofhumor"meanstheabilitytounderstandandappreciatefunnysituations.OptionBcorrectlymatchesthismeaning.OptionA"abilitytomakefunofothers"isincorrectasitreferstoteasingormockingothers.OptionC"abilitytotelljokes"isincorrectasitreferstotheactoftellingjokes,nottheunderstandingofhumor.OptionD"abilitytocryeasily"isincorrectasitreferstoemotionalsensitivity,nothumor.ThecorrectanswerisBbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthemeaningof"senseofhumor"inthecontextofthesentence.4.参考答案：A解析：Thepasttenseformoftheverb"togo"is"went."OptionAcorrectlymatchesthisform.OptionB"going"isthepresentparticipleform.OptionC"gone"isthepastparticipleform.OptionD"goed"isanincorrectformofthepasttense.ThecorrectanswerisAbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthepasttenseoftheverb"togo."5.参考答案：B解析：Thewordthatmeans"totravelalongdistance"is"journey."OptionBcorrectlymatchesthismeaning.OptionA"visit"referstoashorttriptoseesomeoneorsomething.OptionC"stay"referstoremaininginaplaceforaperiod.OptionD"arrive"referstoreachingadestination.ThecorrectanswerisBbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthemeaningof"journey"inthecontextofthesentence.6.参考答案：B解析：Inthesentence"Thebookisveryinteresting,"theword"interesting"describesthebook.OptionBcorrectlymatchesthismeaning.OptionA"theauthor"isincorrectas"interesting"doesnotdescribetheauthor.OptionC"thereader"isincorrectas"interesting"doesnotdescribethereader.OptionD"thestore"isincorrectas"interesting"doesnotdescribethestore.ThecorrectanswerisBbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthemeaningof"interesting"inthecontextofthesentence.7.参考答案：A解析：Theoppositeof"happy"is"sad."OptionAcorrectlymatchesthismeaning.OptionB"angry"isadifferentemotion.OptionC"excited"isapositiveemotion.OptionD"boring"referstosomethinguninteresting.ThecorrectanswerisAbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentstheoppositeof"happy"inthecontextofthesentence.8.参考答案：C解析：Thewordthatmeans"tofeelsick"is"ill."OptionCcorrectlymatchesthismeaning.OptionA"tired"referstoalackofenergy.OptionB"exhausted"referstoextremetiredness.OptionD"healthy"referstobeingingoodhealth.ThecorrectanswerisCbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthemeaningof"ill"inthecontextofthesentence.9.参考答案：A解析：Inthesentence"Sheisatalentedmusician,"theword"talented"meansgoodatplayingmusic.OptionAcorrectlymatchesthismeaning.OptionB"notgoodatplayingmusic"istheoppositeof"talented."OptionC"lovesmusic"referstoapassionformusic.OptionD"hatesmusic"istheoppositeof"talented."ThecorrectanswerisAbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthemeaningof"talented"inthecontextofthesentence.10.参考答案：B解析：Themeaningoftheword"important"inthesentence"Thisisanimportantdecision"isnecessary.OptionBcorrectlymatchesthismeaning.OptionA"unimportant"istheoppositeof"important."OptionC"unnecessary"istheoppositeof"important."OptionD"irrelevant"meansnotrelatedtothetopic.ThecorrectanswerisBbecauseitaccuratelyrepresentsthemeaningof"important"inthecontextofthesentence.二、填空题1.参考答案：do解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“新规定要求学生每天做家庭作业”，应填入动词do，表示“做”。其他选项如make,have,play等都不符合句意。2.参考答案：listening解析：本题考查动名词。根据句意“我妹妹对听音乐感兴趣，经常在去学校的路上听”，应填入listening，表示“听”这个动作。其他选项如watching,reading,dancing等都不符合句意。3.参考答案：vegetables解析：本题考查名词。根据句意“如果你想保持健康，应该多吃水果和______”，应填入vegetables，表示“蔬菜”。其他选项如meat,bread,milk等都不符合句意。4.参考答案：write解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“老师让我们写一份关于我们城市历史的报告”，应填入write，表示“写”。其他选项如read,draw,speak等都不符合句意。5.参考答案：fixing解析：本题考查动名词。根据句意“他很擅长修理东西，可以轻松修理家里的东西”，应填入fixing，表示“修理”这个动作。其他选项如cleaning,painting,cooking等都不符合句意。6.参考答案：pollution解析：本题考查名词。根据句意“我们需要通过减少______和回收废料来保护环境”，应填入pollution，表示“污染”。其他选项如noise,waste,energy等都不符合句意。7.参考答案：take解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“这部电影太有趣了，我盯着屏幕看”，应填入take，表示“盯着看”。其他选项如close,open,move等都不符合句意。8.参考答案：draw解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“她是一位有才华的艺术家，只需几笔就能画出美丽的画”，应填入draw，表示“画”。其他选项如write,sing,dance等都不符合句意。9.参考答案：set解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“设定目标是重要的，要努力实现它们”，应填入set，表示“设定”。其他选项如reach,achieve,follow等都不符合句意。10.参考答案：digital解析：本题考查形容词。根据句意“公司正在寻找有数字营销经验的人”，应填入digital，表示“数字的”。其他选项如traditional,creative,personal等都不符合句意。三、判断题1.参考答案：×解析：Theword"breeze"referstoagentlewind,notastrongwind.Astrongwindisusuallycalleda"gale"or"storm."2.参考答案：√解析：Theterm"habitat"indeedreferstothenaturalenvironmentwhereananimalorplantlives.Itincludesallthephysicalandbiologicalfactorsthataffectanorganism.3.参考答案：√解析："Subscribe"meanstopayforaserviceorpublicationregularly,suchasamagazine.Itimpliesanongoingagreementtoreceivesomething.4.参考答案：√解析："Attitude"referstoawayoffeelingorthinkingaboutsomething,oftenexpressedthroughbehaviororopinions.5.参考答案：√解析："Pioneer"meansthefirstpersontoexploreorsettleinanewarea,oftenfacingchallengesanduncertainty.6.参考答案：√解析："Consequence"istheresultofanactionorevent,whichcanbepositiveornegative.7.参考答案：√解析："Benefit"isanounthatmeansadvantageorgain,suchasafinancialorpersonaladvantage.8.参考答案：√解析："Determine"isaverbthatmeanstofindoutorfixthenature,position,orlimitsofsomething,oftenthroughinvestigationoranalysis.9.参考答案：√解析："Familiar"meansknowingsomethingwellbecauseofexperience,oftenusedtodescribepeople,places,orthingsthatarewell-known.10.参考答案：√解析："Analyze"istheprocessofexaminingsomethingmethodicallyandindetailtounderstandit,oftenbreakingitdownintosmallerparts.四、简答题1.参考答案：Acomputervirusisamalicioussoftwareprogramdesignedtospreadfromonecomputertoanotherandinterferewithcomputeroperation.Itcanreplicateitselfandattachtootherprogramsorfiles,potentiallycausingdamagebycorruptingdata,disruptingsystemoperations,orstealinginformation.解析：本题考查计算机病毒的基本特征。解析中首先定义了计算机病毒，强调其恶意软件本质和传播特性。接着具体描述了其行为，如自我复制、依附其他程序或文件，并列举了可能造成的危害，如数据损坏、系统操作中断和信息盗窃。这些要点全面覆盖了病毒的核心特征，符合基础题要求，确保学生理解病毒的基本概念和危害。2.参考答案：Symptomsofacomputervirusinfectionincludeslowsystemperformance,unexpectedpop-upads,programslaunchingorclosingautomatically,filesdisappearingorbecomingcorrupted,anderrormessagesappearingfrequently.解析：本题考查病毒感染的典型症状。解析中列举了多种常见症状，如系统性能下降、弹窗广告、程序异常启动或关闭、文件丢失或损坏以及频繁出现错误信息。这些症状是学生在实际操作中可能遇到的，有助于识别病毒感染。答案简洁明了，符合2分题的作答要求。3.参考答案：Awormisaself-replicatingmalwarethatspreadsacrossnetworkswithoutuserintervention,oftenexploitingvulnerabilitiestoinfectmultiplecomputers.Itcanconsumenetworkbandwidthandresources,leadingtosystemslowdowns.ATrojanhorse,ontheotherhand,disguisesitselfaslegitimatesoftwaretotrickusersintodownloadingandinstallingit.Onceinside,itcanperformmaliciousactionslikestealingdataorcreatingbackdoorsforhackers,butitdoesnotself-replicatelikeaworm.解析：本题考查蠕虫和木马的区别。解析首先定义了蠕虫，强调其无用户干预的传播方式和资源消耗特性。然后定义了木马，突出其伪装性和执行恶意操作的能力，但指出其不自我复制。通过对比两者的行为和影响，帮助学生理解两者的区别。答案结构清晰，符合中等题的要求。4.参考答案：Userscanprotecttheircomputersfromvirusinfectionsbyinstallingandregularlyupdatingantivirussoftware,avoidingdownloadingfilesfromuntrustedsources,andkeepingtheoperatingsystemandsoftwareuptodate.Additionally,usingstronganduniquepasswords,enablingfirewalls,andbeingcautiousofphishingemailscanfurtherenhancesecurity.解析：本题考查保护计算机免受病毒感染的有效措施。解析中列举了多种防护方法，包括安装和更新杀毒软件、避免下载不可信来源的文件、保持操作系统和软件更新、使用强密码、启用防火墙以及警惕钓鱼邮件。这些措施全面且实用，符合基础题的要求，帮助学生掌握基本的防护技巧。5.参考答案：Antivirussoftwareplaysacrucialroleinsafeguardingcomputersystemsbydetecting,preventing,andremovingvirusesandothermalicioussoftware.Itscansfilesandprogramsforknownthreats,quarantinesordeletesinfectedfiles,andprovidesreal-timeprotectiontoblocksuspiciousactivities.解析：本题考查杀毒软件在计算机安全中的作用。解析中首先定义了杀毒软件的功能，包括检测、预防和移除病毒。接着具体描述了其工作方式，如扫描文件和程序、隔离或删除感染文件以及提供实时保护。这些内容帮助学生理解杀毒软件的工作原理和重要性，符合基础题的要求。6.参考答案：Regularlyupdatingsoftwareandoperatingsystemsissignificantbecauseupdatesoftenincludepatchesforsecurityvulnerabilitiesthatvirusesandmalwarecanexploit.Bykeepingsoftwareuptodate,userscanprotecttheirsystemsfromknownthreats,reducetheriskofinfections,andensurethattheircomputersrunsmoothlyandefficiently.解析：本题考查定期更新软件和操作系统的重要性。解析中首先指出更新包含安全漏洞补丁，病毒和恶意软件可以利用这些漏洞。接着强调更新可以保护系统、降低感染风险并确保系统正常运行。答案逻辑清晰，符合基础题的要求，帮助学生理解更新的重要性。7.参考答案：Afirewallhelpsprotectacomputernetworkbyactingasabarrierbetweentheinternalnetworkandexternalnetworks,suchastheinternet.Itmonitorsandcontrolsincomingandoutgoingnetworktrafficbasedonpredeterminedsecurityrules,blockingunauthorizedaccessandpotentialvirusthreats.Firewallscanbehardware-based,software-based,oracombinationofboth.解析：本题考