2025-2026学年深圳市南山外国语学校（集团）高级中学高一（上）期中英语试卷

第1页（共1页）2025-2026学年深圳市南山外国语学校（集团）高级中学高一（上）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可最佳选项。（7.5分）The2023BarbaraMandigoKellyPeacePoetryAwardsTheawardscontestistoencouragepeopletoexplorepeaceandthehumanspirit.Therearethreeagecategories（类型）：Adult（19&over），Youth（13﹣18），andYouth（12&under）.Theyearlycontestisopentopeopleworldwide.YourpoemsmustbeunpublishedandinEnglish.DeadlineAllentries（参赛作品）mustbesubmitted（提交）byJuly1，2023.EntryFeeAdults：＄15Youth（13﹣18）：＄5Youth（12&under）：nofeeNotes1.Youmaysubmituptothreeunpublishedpoems.Atmost30linesperpoem.2.Includename，address，email，telephonenumber，andageintheupperright﹣handcornerofeachpoem.FortheYouth（12&under）category，pleasealsoincludeyourschool'snameandyourteacher'sname.3.Titleeachpoem.4.Pleasekeepcopiesofallentriesaswewillbeunabletoreturn.5.Emailyourentriesto：cwarner@andclickheretopayyourentryfeeonline；orsendyourentriesandentryfeetoNuclearAgePeaceFoundation，1622AnacapaStreet，SantaBarbara，CA93101.AwardsAdultWinner—＄1，000Youth（13﹣18）Winner—＄200Youth（12under）Winner—＄200WinnerswillbenotifiedbyemailandannouncedbyOctober1，2023onourwebsite.Pastyears'winningpoemscanbefoundhere.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecontest？_____A.Itincludestwogroups.B.Itisheldeverythreeyears.C.ItonlyacceptspoemsinEnglish.D.Itisopentopeopleaged12andover.2.Toenterthecontest，whatmusta12﹣year﹣oldboydo？_____A.Payanentryfeeof＄5.B.Writeapoemofatleast30lines.C.HandinhisentrybyOctober1，2023.D.Includehisteacher'snameinhisentry.3.Howcanoneknowtheresultofthecontest？_____A.BycallingtheNuclearAgePeaceFoundation.B.Byvisitingtheorganizer'swebsite.C.Bycheckingwiththelocalpostoffice.D.BywaitingforaformalletterinOctober.（10分）Thejackfruitisadeliciousfruitfoundthroughout，certainpartsofAsia.Butthereismoretothefruitthanjustitstaste.Whenconsideringthefruit'sEnglishname，itiseasytobecomeoverwhelmedwithquestionslike："WhoisJack？Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit？"Surprisingly，jackfruitisn'taperson'snameatall.Thefruit'snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham，withIndiathoughttobethefruit'splaceororigin.Portugueseexplorerswhojourneyedtothisregionwentontocallitjack，whichleadsustothecurrentEnglishnameofjackfruit，accordingtoNationalPublicRadio（NPR）.Unfortunately，noonecalledJackhasbeenproventobeinvolvedatanypointinthisprocess.Thereisanotherfood，however，thatwasdirectlynamedafteraperson—thesandwich.Inthe48thcentury，playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu，the4thEarlofSandwich，startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate﹣nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork.Thisnewly﹣createdsnackkepthandscleansocardplayerscouldcontinueonwithoutdirtyingtheircards.Themidnightsnackquicklybecamepopularamongeverydaypeople，andbeforelongeveryonewasmakingtheirownsandwiches.Thatishowthesandwichwasinventedandgotitsname.Awayfromtheworldoffood，therearemoreexamplesofnamesinspiredbypeople.Longjohns，thewarmtrousersthatkeepuswarminwinter，aresaidtohavebeennamedaftertheUSboxerJohnL.Sullivanwhotooktowearingasimilartypeofgarmentinthering（比赛）.Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies（词源）intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname，whynotexploreitshistorytoo？4.Wheredoesthejackfruit'snamecomefrom？_____A.AplaceinIndia.B.AnIndianword.C.APortugueseexplorer.D.Adiscovererofthefruit.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthesandwichaccordingtothetext？_____A.Itwasnamedafterapopularcardgame.B.Itwasonceeatenasasnackinthedaytime.C.ItwasfirstpopularamongtheUK'smiddleclass.D.Itwascreatedfortheconvenienceofplayingcardgames.6.Theauthormentions"longjohns"inthepassageto_____.A.explainhowboxersdressedintheringinthepastB.showanotherexampleofthingsnamedafterpeopleC.describethetypeofclothingthatkeepspeoplewarmD.compareitwiththesandwichintermsofpopularity7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle？_____A.Toraisereaders'interestinetymology.B.Tointroducethingsnamedafterpeople.C.Tostresstheimportanceoflearninghistory.D.Toexplaintheeffectsofpeople'snamesonfood.（10分）Beforegoingabroad，Iwasveryconcernedaboutcultureshock，butitturnedoutthatIhadahardertimedealingwithreverse（逆向的）cultureshockwhenreturninghome.Comingbackhasbeenatoughertransitionthanexpected.It'snotjustabouttransitioningbacktohomelife；it'salsoabouthandlingthestrangesituationofbeingadifferentpersoninthesameoldenvironment.IammostterrifiedofwakingupinafewmonthsandfeelinglikeI'mthesamepersonIwasbeforeIstudiedabroad.Thissituationisespeciallystrangewithpeoplewhohaveknownmeforalongtime，likemyparents，whowitnessedallmymajorlifechangesbeforethisone.Ididn'trealizehowmuchI'dchangeduntilIinteractedwiththemandclosefriends.Despiteonlybeingawayforthreeandahalfmonths，IquicklynoticedthedifferencesbetweenwhoIwasbeforeandwhoIamnow.Overthepastfewweeksathome，I'vebeenwonderinghowtomaintainthepositivechangesandqualitiesgainedfrommysemesterabroad.I'verealizedthatsurroundingsandsituationsgreatlyinfluencemindset，andkeepingacertainmindsetwhilelosingitscorresponding（相对应的）environmentischallenging.Forinstance，beinginMadridtaughtmetobemorerelaxedandstress﹣free.However，returningtoPennStatewithitsdemandingcourseloadmakesmaintainingthatmentality（心态）difficult.I'vecometorealizetheproblemthatperpetualstressaboutschoolisn'thealthy，especiallyafterexperiencingasemesteroftravel，fun，andacademicsuccess.Therefore，I'vedecidedtoworkhardandstudyasusualbutoccasionallygivemyselfabreak，anddowhatIcantoavoidgettingover﹣stressedabouttestsandassignments.ThismeansIwillputineffortwhennecessaryinordertomakesureIamalwayscaughtuporaheadofclassmaterial.Cominghomehasbeenmorechallengingthanexpected，butI'mconfidentI'llgetthroughitinthenextfewweeks.Nevertheless，I'mdeterminedtomaintaintheimportantlessonsIlearnedaboutmyselfandothersinMadrid.8.Whatwastheauthor'sbiggestconcernwhenreturninghome？_____A.Goingbacktohisoriginalself.B.Adaptingtonewsurroundings.C.Experiencingcultureshock.D.Missingoldacquaintances.9.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeafterreturninghome？_____A.Heshouldmakehisfamilyfamiliarwithhispositivechanges.B.Heshouldchangehismentalitytocarelessabouthisstudy.C.Heshouldadapthismindsettofitintotheoldlearningenvironment.D.Heshouldapplyhimselftohisstudytostayaheadofclass.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"perpetual"inParagraph3mean？_____A.Current.B.Improper.C.Unnecessary.D.Continuous.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？_____A.Thesufferingsofreversecultureshock.B.Thereflectionsonpersonalgrowth.C.Theadaptationstonewenvironments.D.Thesuccessinacademicperformance.（10分）Anyonewho'slivedthroughmiddleschoolknowsthoseyearscanbeparticularlychallenging.SomeresearchesshowyouthsacrosstheU.S.arestrugglingwithmentalhealth.Thephysicalhealthbenefitsofbikeridinghavebeenwell﹣documented.Wilson，aresearcheratLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine，andhisco﹣authorscarriedoutanewstudytoseeiftakingpartinacyclingprogramcouldresultinmeasurablechangesinmindforteenagers.Thestudyinvolvedmorethan1，200students，ages11to14.Studentsparticipatedinacyclingclassforatleastthreedaysaweek，foraperiodof6weeks.Theylearnedcyclingsafetyandpracticingskillsoutdoorswhileraisingtheirheartrateandjusthavingfun.Thestudentscompletedstandardizedquestionnairesbeforeandaftertheprogramdesignedtomeasuretheirhealth."Weknowcyclingcanbenefitthebody.Ourresearchshowshowitbenefitsthemindandsocialrelationshipsaswell.Bikeridingcanbeanidealactivityforadolescentsbecauseofthebenefitsitoffers，"saidWilson."Cyclingengagesseveralpartsofbrainfunction.Youarelookingatyourhearing，you'rebalancing，you'renavigatingandturning.Oftentimes，you'redoingitwithsomeoneelse，sothere'sthepositiveeffectofcompanyorgroupactivity，"saidAllanReiss，aprofessoratStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Whileexercisehaspowerfulmentalhealthbenefits，it'snotuniversal.Forexample，previousresearchhasshownthatteenagegirlsareathigherriskofmentalhealthproblemslikedepressionandanxietythanboys.Thecurrentstudyfoundthat，whilemiddleschoolgirlsreportedincreasedwell﹣beingafterparticipatinginthecyclingprogram，thatincrease"mayjustreachthekindofbaselinelevelformalestudents，"Wilsonsaid.Andotheraspectsofhealthylivingarealsoimportant，notedWilson.Thestudyfoundthatteenagerswhodidn'tlimitscreentimetoamaximumoftwohoursaday，orwhogotlessthantherecommended8.5hoursofsleep，sawlessimprovementintheirwell﹣being，hesaid.12.Whatdoesthenewstudymainlyfocuson？_____A.Challengesinmiddleschool.B.YouthsinAmerica.C.Physicalbenefitsofcycling.D.Mentaleffectsofbikeriding.13.Whatdidthestudentsdointheprogram？_____A.Attendthecyclingclassforaweek.B.Learnhowtokeepsafewhilecycling.C.Raisetheirheartratebycyclingindoors.D.Designquestionstomeasuretheirhealth.14.WhatisReiss'sattitudetotheresultofthestudy？_____A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Negative.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout？_____A.Applicationoftheresearchresults.B.Doubtsabouttheresearchmethods.C.Furtherexplanationoftheresearchfindings.D.Supportingevidencefrompreviousresearch.第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itiswellknownthathumansneedmeaningfulsocialconnection.16__Thestrongerourrelationshipsare，themorelikelywearetolivebetter.Sohowdowedeepenfriendshipsinourlives？Showerthemwithaffection.Weoftenthinkofaffectionasloveweshowinromanticrelationships.Butaffectionismorethanholdinghandsandkissing.17__Therearemanywaysyoucanshowlovetoyourfriends.Tellthemhowmuchtheymeantoyou.Remindthemyouaregratefultoknowthem.Thesesimpleactsprovidesecurityintherelationship.18__Beinggenerouswithyourfriendsisaneasywaytodevelopyourfriendships.Ifyou'reagymrat，youcouldhelpyourfriendtrainforacomingracetheyhave.Orifyourfriendisapplyingforauniversity，youcanuseyourresearchandanalysisskillstoputtogetherapresentationforthem.Shareyourjoys，strugglesandevenguilt.ThinkabouthowgooditfeelstotellafriendyousecretlylikeaboringTVshowandhearthemrespond"metoo!"19__Manypeopleholdtheviewthatitcanbescarytobeopenwithourfeelings.Itcancomewiththeriskofshameorrejection.Butpeoplearelesslikelytorejectyouforbeingweakthanyouthink.Don'thideyourdisagreements.It'shardtodealwithconflictinfriendships.Peopleoftenseethemassomethingthatshouldbefunandlighthearted，sotheyignoreproblemswhentheyarise.20__Itmightbepainfulatfirst，butitshowsyouwanttobehonestwiththem，andthatyouwanttomakeyourrelationshipbetter.A.Tellthemhowmuchyouvaluethem.B.Valuethemwithyourskillsandtalents.C.It'saboutcommunicatingloveandappreciation.D.Infact，it'slinkedtoourmentalandphysicalhealth.E.Itmeanstheyacceptusforwhoweare，thegoodandthebad.F.Peoplefeelhurtwhensomeonedoesn'tkeeptheirprivateinformation.G.Butdealingwithconflictinahealthywaycandeepenyourfriendships.二、语言运用第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（15分）IspenttenyearslivingandworkinginAustralia，whichfeltlikeanever﹣endingadventurefarawayfrommyfamily.Whenthetimecameforme，armedwiththebeliefthatmystrong21__toreconnectwithfamilyandmy22__decisiontoreturnwouldmakethetransition（过渡）easy，Idecidedtocomebacktomy23__.LittledidIknowhow24__Iwas.IwasreadyformanybutwhatIhadn'texpectedwasfeelinglikeacomplete25__inmyownhomeland.ThevibesinAustraliaandmyhometownwerequitedifferent.Butthereal26__wastryingtochatwithmyfamily.Ourconversationsfelt27__，likewewerespeakingdifferentlanguages.Whiletheytalkedaboutday﹣to﹣daylife，Ifoundmyself28__tosharemytalesofweekendtripstotheoceanandforests.Oursharedhistoryfeltlikeanold，uncomfortablejacketthatdidn'tquite29__anymore.I30__thattransitions，evenwhenyouhavethebestintentions，arenever31__.ButIalsogottoknowthegreatimportanceof32__，bothwithmyselfandwithmylovedones.Slowlybutsurely，Ibegantofindanewpattern，33__thebestofbothworlds.AndyouknowwhatI've34__feltmoreatpeacetomyself.It'slikeIhadtostepoutsidemycomfortzonetoreallygrowand35__whatmattersmosttome.21.A.resistanceB.desireC.promiseD.curiosity22.A.intentionalB.permanentC.toughD.crucial23.A.apartmentB.schoolC.hometownD.company24.A.luckyB.lonelyC.wrongD.crazy25.A.victimB.failureC.burdenD.foreigner26.A.thingB.responsibilityC.taskD.challenge27.A.funnyB.seriousC.lengthyD.awkward28.A.forgettingB.longingC.pretendingD.fearing29.A.lastB.matterC.fitD.work30.A.predictedB.realizedC.rememberedD.proved31.A.necessaryB.complexC.painfulD.smooth32.A.patienceB.familiarityC.satisfactionD.honesty33.A.combiningB.imaginingC.offeringD.admitting34.A.oftenB.stillC.neverD.nearly35.A.fightforB.figureoutC.letgoofD.putupwith第二节单项选择，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项36．（1分）—DoyouknowifBetty________toBeijingnextweek？—Shewillringmeupwhenshe________there.（）A．comes，willarrive B．comes，arrives C．willcome，arrives D．come，willarrive37．（1分）Thebookshehadlookedforwardto________yesterday.（）A．publishing B．waspublished C．beingpublished D．hadbeenpublished38．（1分）Itisreportedthataspacestation__________onthemooninyearstocome．（）A．willbebuilding B．willbebuilt C．hasbeenbuilding D．hasbeenbuilt39．（1分）Thefourofourclub______aroundSanyaforaboutamonthlastsummer.（）A．havetravelled B．travelled C．hadtravelled D．travel40．（1分）Shestaredatthepainting，wonderingwhereshe______it．（）A．saw B．hasseen C．sees D．hadseen41．（1分）Susanhasquitherwell﹣paidjoband________asavolunteerintheneighborhoodthesedays.（）A．isworking B．works C．hasworked D．hadworked42．（1分）Greatchanges________inourhometowninthepastfiveyears.（）A．havetakenplace B．havebeenhappening C．havebeenhappened D．havebeentakenplace43．（1分）Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople________hehadvisited（）A．who B．which C．that D．where44．（1分）Helivesintheroom，________windowfacesthesouth.（）A．which B．ofwhich C．whose D．where45．（1分）Theplace________wevisitedyesterdayisthehouse________thegreatleaderusedtolive.（）A．where；where B．that；which C．where；which D．which；where46．（1分）I________alongthestreetlookingforaplacetopark________theaccidenthappened.（）A．went，when B．went，while C．wasgoing，when D．wasgoing，while47．（1分）Canyouimagine________？（）A．whathetoldmethen B．whatdidhetellmethen C．howhetoldmethen D．howdidhetellmethen48．（1分）Hecanworkhardbutheneedsanudge________.（）A．onebyone B．nowandthen C．inparticular D．inpanic49．（1分）Thisistheverydictionaryweneedto________andthatiswhyIboughtit.（）A．relateto B．referto C．subscribeto D．applyto50．（1分）Withsuchanimportantdecision________，whynotlistentoyourmombefore________？（）A．tomake，havingbutterfliesinyourstomach B．tobemade，havingafroginone'sthroat C．tobemade，takingthelead D．tomake，jumpinginwithbothfeet第三节词块填空（20分）Lastweekend，LinaandIwenthiking.Whenwegotlostintheforest，Istartedwalking51__（惊慌失措地），butLinastayedcalm.Shesaidweshouldn'tbe52__（承受压力）—wejustneededtofindthepath.Wecouldn't53__ourphonesbecausetherewasnosignal.Linasuggestedwe54__（处理）theproblemstepbystep：firstfindahighplacetolookforsigns，thenfollowtheriver.55__（尤其），shetoldmetowatchoutforsharpstonesontheground.56__（谈到）stayingsafe，Linasaidit'simportantto57__（专注于）thesurroundings.WhenIfeltscaredagain，shetaughtmetotakeslowbreathsto58__（冷静下来）.Finally，wefoundourwaybackbeforesunset.Now，we'reboth59__（期待）toournexthike.We'llbemorepreparedandwon't60__ourmap（把……抛在脑后）thistime!第四节新概念填空61．（2分）Hesleptverywellforthefirsttwonights，butonthethirdnight，astorm________________.（根据句意填空）62．（2分）She_________________itforsometimethenadded，"Youdon'tneedbookcasesatall."（根据句意填空）63．（2分）Ittookmetenminutestopersuadeherto__________________later.（根据句意填空）64．（2分）After____________________therudeassistant，sheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas，theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.（根据句意填空）65．（2分）Astheneighborscomplainedofthenoise，myhusbandspentweekstraininghimto__________hispaw_______thelatchtolethimselfin.（根据句意填空）第五节语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MynameisAdamandI'mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.I'mexperiencing66__（anxious）becauseinthefirstweekIwasalittle67__（confuse）aboutwhattodo.First，Ihadtodecidewhichcoursestochoose.MyadviserrecommendedthatIsignup68__literaturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI'mgoodatit.IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage，69__IhopetobefluentwhenIgraduate.Ihadtochooseextra﹣curricularactivities，too.Itriedtojointheschoolfootballteam，buttomydisappointment，thecoachtoldmethatIdidn'tplaywellenough.ItwasobviousthatIwas70__（happy），butIwon'tquit.Iwillmakealleffortstomakeagreat71__（improve）.Thereisalotforme72__（explore）onmyownsothatIcanmaketheteamnextyear.IknowI'llhavetostudyharderasaseniorhighschoolstudentandgetusedto73__（take）responsibilityforalotmore.Still，I'mdelightedtobethere.Studyinghardisn'talwaysfun，butI'llbewellpreparedforuniversityor74__elsecomesinthefuture.I75__（true）feelmoreconfidentthanbefore.三、写作（共一节）76．（15分）假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Tony最近选修了中文课程。他来邮件向你咨询学好中文的方法。请你回一封邮件。内容包括：（1）提出建议；（2）表达祝愿。注意：（1）词数：80词左右；（2）内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearTony，______Yourssincerely，LiHua

2025-2026学年深圳市南山外国语学校（集团）高级中学高一（上）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可最佳选项。（7.5分）The2023BarbaraMandigoKellyPeacePoetryAwardsTheawardscontestistoencouragepeopletoexplorepeaceandthehumanspirit.Therearethreeagecategories（类型）：Adult（19&over），Youth（13﹣18），andYouth（12&under）.Theyearlycontestisopentopeopleworldwide.YourpoemsmustbeunpublishedandinEnglish.DeadlineAllentries（参赛作品）mustbesubmitted（提交）byJuly1，2023.EntryFeeAdults：＄15Youth（13﹣18）：＄5Youth（12&under）：nofeeNotes1.Youmaysubmituptothreeunpublishedpoems.Atmost30linesperpoem.2.Includename，address，email，telephonenumber，andageintheupperright﹣handcornerofeachpoem.FortheYouth（12&under）category，pleasealsoincludeyourschool'snameandyourteacher'sname.3.Titleeachpoem.4.Pleasekeepcopiesofallentriesaswewillbeunabletoreturn.5.Emailyourentriesto：cwarner@andclickheretopayyourentryfeeonline；orsendyourentriesandentryfeetoNuclearAgePeaceFoundation，1622AnacapaStreet，SantaBarbara，CA93101.AwardsAdultWinner—＄1，000Youth（13﹣18）Winner—＄200Youth（12under）Winner—＄200WinnerswillbenotifiedbyemailandannouncedbyOctober1，2023onourwebsite.Pastyears'winningpoemscanbefoundhere.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecontest？CA.Itincludestwogroups.B.Itisheldeverythreeyears.C.ItonlyacceptspoemsinEnglish.D.Itisopentopeopleaged12andover.2.Toenterthecontest，whatmusta12﹣year﹣oldboydo？DA.Payanentryfeeof＄5.B.Writeapoemofatleast30lines.C.HandinhisentrybyOctober1，2023.D.Includehisteacher'snameinhisentry.3.Howcanoneknowtheresultofthecontest？BA.BycallingtheNuclearAgePeaceFoundation.B.Byvisitingtheorganizer'swebsite.C.Bycheckingwiththelocalpostoffice.D.BywaitingforaformalletterinOctober.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段YourpoemsmustbeunpublishedandinEnglish.（你的诗歌必须是未发表过的，且需用英文创作。）可知，该比赛只接受英文诗歌。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据Notes部分的第2点Includename，address，email，telephonenumber，andageintheupperright﹣handcornerofeachpoem.FortheYouth（12&under）category，pleasealsoincludeyourschool'snameandyourteacher'sname.（在每首诗的右上角分别填写作者姓名、地址、电子邮件、电话号码以及年龄。针对12岁及以下青少年组别的参赛者，还需在作品中注明所在学校名称及指导老师姓名。）可知，一个12岁的男孩参赛时必须在他的作品中注明老师的名字。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据Awards部分WinnerswillbenotifiedbyemailandannouncedbyOctober1，2023onourwebsite.（获奖者将通过电子邮件收到通知，并于2023年10月1日在主办方网站上公布。）可知，可以通过访问主办方网站来了解比赛结果。故选B。（10分）Thejackfruitisadeliciousfruitfoundthroughout，certainpartsofAsia.Butthereismoretothefruitthanjustitstaste.Whenconsideringthefruit'sEnglishname，itiseasytobecomeoverwhelmedwithquestionslike："WhoisJack？Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit？"Surprisingly，jackfruitisn'taperson'snameatall.Thefruit'snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham，withIndiathoughttobethefruit'splaceororigin.Portugueseexplorerswhojourneyedtothisregionwentontocallitjack，whichleadsustothecurrentEnglishnameofjackfruit，accordingtoNationalPublicRadio（NPR）.Unfortunately，noonecalledJackhasbeenproventobeinvolvedatanypointinthisprocess.Thereisanotherfood，however，thatwasdirectlynamedafteraperson—thesandwich.Inthe48thcentury，playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu，the4thEarlofSandwich，startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate﹣nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork.Thisnewly﹣createdsnackkepthandscleansocardplayerscouldcontinueonwithoutdirtyingtheircards.Themidnightsnackquicklybecamepopularamongeverydaypeople，andbeforelongeveryonewasmakingtheirownsandwiches.Thatishowthesandwichwasinventedandgotitsname.Awayfromtheworldoffood，therearemoreexamplesofnamesinspiredbypeople.Longjohns，thewarmtrousersthatkeepuswarminwinter，aresaidtohavebeennamedaftertheUSboxerJohnL.Sullivanwhotooktowearingasimilartypeofgarmentinthering（比赛）.Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies（词源）intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname，whynotexploreitshistorytoo？4.Wheredoesthejackfruit'snamecomefrom？BA.AplaceinIndia.B.AnIndianword.C.APortugueseexplorer.D.Adiscovererofthefruit.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthesandwichaccordingtothetext？DA.Itwasnamedafterapopularcardgame.B.Itwasonceeatenasasnackinthedaytime.C.ItwasfirstpopularamongtheUK'smiddleclass.D.Itwascreatedfortheconvenienceofplayingcardgames.6.Theauthormentions"longjohns"inthepassagetoB.A.explainhowboxersdressedintheringinthepastB.showanotherexampleofthingsnamedafterpeopleC.describethetypeofclothingthatkeepspeoplewarmD.compareitwiththesandwichintermsofpopularity7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle？AA.Toraisereaders'interestinetymology.B.Tointroducethingsnamedafterpeople.C.Tostresstheimportanceoflearninghistory.D.Toexplaintheeffectsofpeople'snamesonfood.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Thefruit'snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham，withIndiathoughttobethefruit'splaceororigin.Portugueseexplorerswhojourneyedtothisregionwentontocallitjack，whichleadsustothecurrentEnglishnameofjackfruit，accordingtoNationalPublicRadio（NPR）.（这种水果的名字最初来源于印度南部的词汇"chakkapazham"，而印度被认为是该水果的原产地。据美国国家公共电台（NPR）报道，曾到访该地区的葡萄牙探险家将其命名为"jack"，由此形成了如今的英文名称"jackfruit"。）可知，菠萝蜜的名字最初来源于一个印度词汇。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段JohnMontagu，the4thEarlofSandwich，startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate﹣nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork.（三明治第四代伯爵约翰・蒙塔古养成了这样一种习惯：点一份夹在两片面包之间的冷牛肉当夜宵，这样既不用离开牌桌，也无需使用刀叉。）以及第四段Thisnewly﹣createdsnackkepthandscleansocardplayerscouldcontinueonwithoutdirtyingtheircards.（这种新创制的零食能让手保持干净，这样打牌的人就可以继续玩牌，而不会弄脏牌面）。可知，三明治的发明是为了方便玩纸牌游戏。故选D。（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Longjohns，thewarmtrousersthatkeepuswarminwinter，aresaidtohavebeennamedaftertheUSboxerJohnL.Sullivanwhotooktowearingasimilartypeofgarmentinthering（比赛）.（秋裤（longjohns）是一种能在冬天为我们保暖的厚长裤，据说它是以美国拳击手约翰・L・沙利文的名字命名的，他曾在比赛中穿着一款类似的服饰。）可知，作者提到"longjohns"是为了展示另一个以人名命名的事物的例子。故选B。（4）写作目的题。根据最后一段Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies（词源）intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname，whynotexploreitshistorytoo？（英语中还有许多像这样有趣的词源。所以，下次当你发现一个有意思的名称时，为何不也探究一下它的历史呢？）可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是激发读者对词源学的兴趣。故选A。（10分）Beforegoingabroad，Iwasveryconcernedaboutcultureshock，butitturnedoutthatIhadahardertimedealingwithreverse（逆向的）cultureshockwhenreturninghome.Comingbackhasbeenatoughertransitionthanexpected.It'snotjustabouttransitioningbacktohomelife；it'salsoabouthandlingthestrangesituationofbeingadifferentpersoninthesameoldenvironment.IammostterrifiedofwakingupinafewmonthsandfeelinglikeI'mthesamepersonIwasbeforeIstudiedabroad.Thissituationisespeciallystrangewithpeoplewhohaveknownmeforalongtime，likemyparents，whowitnessedallmymajorlifechangesbeforethisone.Ididn'trealizehowmuchI'dchangeduntilIinteractedwiththemandclosefriends.Despiteonlybeingawayforthreeandahalfmonths，IquicklynoticedthedifferencesbetweenwhoIwasbeforeandwhoIamnow.Overthepastfewweeksathome，I'vebeenwonderinghowtomaintainthepositivechangesandqualitiesgainedfrommysemesterabroad.I'verealizedthatsurroundingsandsituationsgreatlyinfluencemindset，andkeepingacertainmindsetwhilelosingitscorresponding（相对应的）environmentischallenging.Forinstance，beinginMadridtaughtmetobemorerelaxedandstress﹣f