电动助力转向系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

PAGE7附录A外文文献ElectricPowerSteeringsystemHistoryInautomobiledevelopmentcourse,Steeringsystemexperiencedfourstagesofdevelopment:fromtheinitialmechanicalSteeringsystem(foryourDNSsettingSteering,abbreviation)developmentforHydraulicSteeringsystem(HydraulicPowerSteering,abbreviationHPS),thenagainappearedelectronicallycontrolledHydraulicSteeringsystem(ElectroHydraulicPowerSteering,abbreviationEHPS)andElectricPowerSteeringsystem(Steering,roomPowerasEPS).Assemblemechanicalsteeringsystemofcarparkingandlow-speeddriving,whenthedriver'ssteeringcontrolburdentooheavy,inordertosolvethisproblem,theAmericanGMinthe1950stooktheleadinthecarhydraulicsteeringsystem.But,hydraulicsteeringsystemcan'tjugglevehiclestospeedportabilityandhighspeed,sothesteeringstabilityKoyoinJapanin1983,withthecompanyintroducedtheapplicationofspeedsensingfunctionofhydraulicsteeringsystem.Thisnewtypeofsteeringsystemcanprovidespeedincreasedwiththedecreasingsteering,butcomplicatedstructure,costishigher,andcannotovercomehydraulicsystemitselfhasmanyshortcomings,isacrossbetweenahydraulicsteeringandelectricpowersteeringthetransitionbetweentheproducts.In1988,JapanSuzukicompanyfirstinsmallcarsequippedwithCervoKoyocompanydevelopmentonthesteeringcolumn,powertypeelectricpowersteeringsystem;In1990,JapanHondaNSXinsportscarcompanyadoptedself-developedrackpowertypeelectricpowersteeringsystem,henceforthunveilstheelectricpowersteeringincarsapplicationshistoryWorkingprincipleElectricpowersteeringsystemareasfollows:first,theworkingprinciple,torquesensormeasuredonsteeringwheeldriversonthemanipulationofthemoment,thewheelspeedsensorsdetectthevehicledrivingspeed,thenpresentthetwosignalstoECU;Accordingtothebuilt-incontrolstrategy:ECU,calculatestheidealtargetboostertorque,intocurrentinstructionstomotor;Then,thepowergeneratedbythetorquemotorslowdowninstitutionsamplificationonsteeringsysteminmechanicalmanipulationofthemoment,andthedrivertogethertoovercomeresistancetorque,realizetothevehiclesteering.3.WorkingprocessElectricpowersteeringsystemastraditionalhydraulicsystemalternativeproductshasenteredintotheautomanufacturing.Andhadpredictedinstead,EPSnotonlyapplicabletosmallcars,andsomefor12Vmediumvehicleinstalledelectricsystem.EPSsystemincludesthefollowingcomponents:Thetorquesensor:detectionsteeringwheelmotionandvehiclemotionsituation;Electroniccontrolunits:accordingtoprovidethetorquesensorthesizeofthesignalcomputingpower;Motor:accordingtotheelectroniccontrolunits;turnpoweroutputvaluegenerationReductiongear:improvemotorpower,andproduceturnitsendstosteeringmechanism.OthervehiclesystemcontrolalgorithminputinformationisprovidedbythecarCANbus(forexamplesteeringAngleandbusspeed,etc.).Motordrivealsoneedotherinformation,suchasmotorrotorpositionandthethree-phasemotorsensor(currentsensorprovided).MotorcontrolbyfourMOSFET,duetomicrocontrollercannotdirectdriveoflargegatecapacitance,MOSFETusingdriveICformneededtheinterface,forsafety,completemotorcontrolsystemmustimplementmonitoring,motorcontrolsystemintegrationinPCB,usuallycontainsarelay,therelayuse,asthemainswitchundertheconditionofthefaultdetection,disconnectmotorandelectroniccontrolunits.MicrocontroldevicemustcontrolEPSsystemandhavebrushlessmotor.Microcontroldeviceaccordingtothetorquesensorprovideneededthesteeringwheeltorqueinformation,formingacurrentcontrolloop.Inordertoimprovethesecurityofthesystemlevel,themicrocontroldeviceshouldhaveanon-boardoscillator,soeveninexternaloscillatormalfunctioncase,alsoensuremicrocontroldeviceperformance,alsoshouldhavechipwatchdog.InfineonXC886integrationofthecompanyalltheimportantmicrocontroldevicecomponent,othersafetyfeaturesforthroughthesoftwaretorealize,ifmustimplementsafetystandardsIEC61508industries,youhavetofinishallkindsofdiagnosisandself-inspectiontaskandincreasemicrocontroldeviceworkload.Atpresentdifferentcustomersuseoftorquesensorandrotorpositionsensordifferenceisverybig.Theyusedifferentmeasuringprinciple,suchasdecomposingmachine,magneticresonancedevice,basedontheintegrationofgiantmagnetorstancesensor.Theroleofpowerlevelsisswitchelectriccurrent.Thepowerlevelhastwomainfunctions:driveICcontrolandprotectionMOSFET,MOSFETitselfandtoberesponsibleforswitchcurrents.MOSFETandpartition.MicrocontroldevicePWMoutputportprovidesdrivercurrentandvoltageistoolow,can'tdirectlyconnectedwithMOSFETscreenrealization.DriveICroleistoprovideenoughcurrent,thegridtochargeforMOSFET,sothatintheanddischarge20kHzconditions,andensurethenormalrealizationswitchfordiscretionsideprovidesthehighbarsourcevoltageMOSFET,ensurethatyougetthelowconductionresistance.IfthehighsideMOSFETinopenstate,tosourcepotentialclosebatterylevel.WanttomakeMOSFETarrivedatnominalconductionresistance,gatetohigherthan8Vsourcevoltage.MOSFETcompletelyconductionneededthemostidealvoltageisrequired,therefore10Voraboveagridofpotentialthanbatteryvoltage10Vishigher.ChargepumpistoensurethatthefunctiontothelargestextentreduceMOSFETpower(eveniflowbatteryvoltageconditions)circuit.TheotherkeychargepumpdesignaccordingtodifferentcharacteristicsthatcanbePWMpatternrequest,achieveextremelylow(lowto1%)andhighrateof390v(highto100%).DriveICanotherimportantfunctionistesting,avoiddamagetoshort-circuitmosfets,affectedMOSFETwillbeclosed,diagnosissubmittedtomicrocontroldevice.附录B外文文献的中文翻译电动助力转向系统1.发展历史在汽车的发展历程中，转向系统经历了四个发展阶段：从最初的机械式转向系统（ManualSteering，简称MS）发展为液压助力转向系统（HydraulicPowerSteering，简称HPS），然后又出现了电控液压助力转向系统（ElectroHydraulicPowerSteering，简称EHPS）和电动助力转向系统（ElectricPowerSteering，简称EPS）。装配机械式转向系统的汽车，在泊车和低速行驶时驾驶员的转向操纵负担过于沉重，为了解决这个问题，美国GM公司在20世纪50年代率先在轿车上采用了液压助力转向系统。但是，液压助力转向系统无法兼顾车辆低速时的转向轻便性和高速时的转向稳定性，因此在1983年日本Koyo公司推出了具备车速感应功能的电控液压助力转向系统。这种新型的转向系统可以随着车速的升高提供逐渐减小的转向助力，但是结构复杂、造价较高，而且无法克服液压系统自身所具有的许多缺点，是一种介于液压助力转向和电动助力转向之间的过渡产品。到了1988年，日本Suzuki公司首先在小型轿车Cervo上配备了Koyo公司研发的转向柱助力式电动助力转向系统；1990年，日本Honda公司也在运动型轿车NSX上采用了自主研发的齿条助力式电动助力转向系统，从此揭开了电动助力转向在汽车上应用的历史2.工作原理电助力转向系统的工作原理如下：首先，转矩传感器测出驾驶员施加在转向盘上的操纵力矩，车速传感器测出车辆当前的行驶速度，然后将这两个信号传递给ECU；ECU根据内置的控制策略，计算出理想的目标助力力矩，转化为电流指令给电机；然后，电机产生的助力力矩经减速机构放大作用在机械式转向系统上，和驾驶员的操纵力矩一起克服转向阻力矩，实现车辆的转向。3.工作过程电动助力转向系统（EPS）作为传统液压系统的替代产品已经进入汽车制造领域。与先前的预测相反，EPS不仅适用于小型汽车，而且某些12V中型汽车也适于安装电动系统。EPS系统包含下列组件：转矩传感器：检测转向轮的运动情况和车辆的运动情况；电控单元：根据转矩传感器提供的信号计算助力的大小；电机：根据电控单元输出值生成转动力；减速齿轮：提高电机产生的转动力，并将其传送至转向机构。其它车辆系统控制算法输入信息是由汽车CAN总线提供的(例如转向角和汽车速度等等)。电机驱动还需要其它信息，例如电机转子位置(电机传感器提供)和相电流(电流传感器提供)。电机由四个MOSFET控制，由于微控制器无法直接驱动MOSFET的大型栅电容，因此需要采用驱动IC形式的接口，出于安全考虑，完整的电机控制系统必须实施监控，将电机控制系统集成在PCB上，通常包含一个继电器