ADVISOR 使用说明外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录ADVISORDocumentation3.1ADVISORfilestructure3.1.1Fileinteractions&dataflowTheaboveschematicrepresentsdataflowintheADVISORfilesystem.Thefourmainagenttypesare:InputScriptsdefinevariablesintheworkspaceand/orcallotherinputscripts.AnexampleisMC_PM32.M.BlockDiagramsareSimulinkfilescontainingtheequationsusedtocomputeoutputssuchasfuelusefrominputssuchasanenginemap.Theyarethemodels.OneexampleisBD_PAR.MDL.OutputScriptspostprocessthemodeloutputsbyqueryingtheworkspace.Thesemayincludeplottingroutinesorerrorcheckingroutines.chkoutputs.misanexample.ControlScriptsmaybothdevelopinputsandprocessoutputs.ExamplesincludetheADVISORGUIandoptimizationroutines.3.1.2FilelocationsThemainADVISORdirectory(e.g.c:\ADVISORorc:\ProgramFiles\ADVISOR)containsseveralsubdirectories.

Amongthesearethedata,GUI,andmodelsdirectoriesthatcontainthecorrespondingfiles.3.1.3FilenamingconventionsAllmodelanddatafilesuseaprefixfollowedbyanunderscore(‘_’)thatisthesameastheprefixusedfor(nearlyallof)thevariablesitdefines,whichinturnisinpointybrackets(<>)attheendoftheSimulinkblockinwhichthosevariablesareused.HereareADVISOR’scomponentfiletypes:ACC_*.MAccessoryloadfiles

CYC_*.MDrivingcyclefiles,whichdefinevariablesstartingwithcyc_,usedintheblocklabeled<cyc>

ESS_*.MEnergystoragesystemdatafiles,whichlikewisedefinevariablesstartingwithess_,usedintheblocklabeled<ess>

EX_*.MExhaustaftertreatmentfiles(suchascatalysts)

FC_*.MFuelconverterdatafiles

TX_*.MTransmissiondatafiles(theseincludegearbox-gbandfinaldrive-fdvariables)

GC_*.MGenerator/controllerdatafiles

MC_*.MMotor/controllerdatafiles

PTC_*.MPowertraincontroldatafiles,whichdefineenginecontrol,clutchcontrol,andhybridcontrolstrategyvariablesstartingwithvc_andcs_,usedinblockslabeled<vc>and<cs>

TC_*.MTorquecouplerdatafiles

VEH_*.MVehicledatafiles

WH_*.MWheel/axledatafilesInadditiontotheabovecomponentdatafiles,thereisoneothertypethatuseprefixes:BD_*.MDLSimulinkblockdiagrams(models)Allfilenamesthatincludeprefixesareentirelyincapitalletterstoavoidconfusionwithvariablenames,whichareentirelyinlower-caseletters.3.1.4AddingfilestoADVISORTheeasiestwaytoaddaparticularkindoffiletoADVISORistomodifyanexistingfileofthatkindandsaveitwithanewfilename,entirelyincapitalletters,intheappropriateADVISORdirectory.Thiswillensurethatallvariablesnecessarytofullydefinetheparticularcomponentwillbeincludedinyournewfile.Foraddingvehiclecomponentordrivecyclefiles,clickingthepushbuttoninthegraphicaluserinterfacebringsupawindowtoguidetheprocess.3.1.5InspectinginputfilesComponentfilesandnearlyallotherfilesinADVISORaretextfiles(theexceptionsarematfiles,whichcontainMatlab-specificdata),andcanbeviewedandeditedinanytexteditor.Afixedpitchfonthelps.WerecommendusingtheMatlabeditor/debuggerpackagedwithMatlab5.3.Additionally,textfilescanbeviewedintheMatlabcommandwindowbyenteringtypefilenameattheMATLABcommandline.3.1.6DeletingfilesfromADVISOR’sdatabaseFilescanberemovedfromADVISORbyeitherdeletingthemusingyouroperatingsystemorbyenteringthefollowingattheMatlabcommandline:!rmfilenameDeletingfilesviatheoperatingsystemispreferable,especiallyonPCandMacintoshplatforms,where‘deleted’fileswillbepreservedinTrashortheRecycleBin.3.2DrivetrainmodeldescriptionsADVISORhassixdifferentvehicletypesandtwospecificvehiclechoices,aslistedbelow.

Eachofthesehasadifferentdrivetrain.

Thereisalsoanoptiontouseacustomdrivetrain.ConventionalDrivetrain:Theconventionalvehiclerepresentsatypicalpassengercar.

Itusesonlyafuelconverterformotivepower.

Thedefaultgearboxisa5speed.

Theconventionalaccessoriesareaconstantmechanicalpowerload.SeriesDrivetrain:Theseriesvehiclecomponentsincludeafuelconverter,agenerator,batteries,andamotor.

Thefuelconverterdoesnotdrivethevehicleshaftdirectly.

Instead,itconvertsmechanicalenergydirectlyintoelectricalenergyviathegenerator.

Alltorqueusedtomovethevehiclecomesfromthemotor.

Thedefaultgearboxisaonespeed.

Thedefaultcontrolstrategyisaseriespowerfollower.

Thehybridaccessoriesareaconstantelectricalpowerload.ParallelDrivetrain:Theparallelvehiclecomponentsincludeanengine,batteries,andamotor.

Isisnamedparallelbecauseboththemotorandtheenginecanapplytorquetomovethevehicle.

Themotorcanactinreverseasageneratorforbrakingandtochargethebatteries.

Thedefaultcontrolstrategyisanelectricassist.

Thedefaultgearboxisa5speed.

Thehybridaccessoriesareaconstantelectricalpowerload.ParallelStarter/Alternator:

Theparallelstarter/alternatorvehiclecomponentsincludeanengine,batteries,andamotor.Itisnamedparallelstarter/alternatorbecausethemotorbehaveslikethestarterandthealternatorofaconventionalvehicle.

Itallowsforengineshutdownandrestartandforminimalelectricassist.

Itisaparalleldesignbecauseboththemotorandtheenginecanapplytorquetomovethevehicle.Themajordifferencebetweentheparallelstarter/alternatordesignandthebasicparalleldesignisthelocationoftheclutch.

Theclutchispositionedbetweenthegearboxandtorquecouplerintheparallelstarter/alternatordesignwhileitislocatedbetweenthetorquecouplerandtheengineinthebasicparalleldesign.

Thismeansthatifthevehicleismovingandtheclutchisengageboththeengineandmotorshaftsmustberotating.Themotorcanactinreverseasageneratorforbrakingandtochargethebatteries.Thedefaultcontrolstrategyisanelectricassist<Parallel.htm>.Thedefaultgearboxisa5speed.Thehybridaccessoriesareaconstantelectricalpowerload.Custom:Theabovefigurerepresentsaconventionalvehicle'sdrivetrainusingcomponentsfromADVISOR.Notethatmostblockshavetwoinputsandtwooutputs.Eachblockpassesandtransformsatorqueandspeedrequest,andeachblockalsopassesanachievableoractualtorqueandspeed.Thetoparrows,feedingleft-to-right,arethetorqueandspeedrequests.Thedrivecyclerequestsorrequiresagivenspeed.Eachblockbetweenthedrivingcycleandthetorqueprovider,inthiscasetheICE,thencomputesitsrequiredinputgivenitsrequiredoutput.Itdoesthisbyapplyinglosses,speedreductionsormultiplications,anditsperformancelimits.Attheendoftheline,the‘ICEfuelconverter’usesitsrequiredtorqueoutputandspeedtodeterminehowmuchtorqueitcanactuallydeliveranditsmaximumspeed.Thenpassinginformationbacktotheleft,eachcomponentdeterminesitsactualoutputgivenitsactualinput,usinglossescomputedduringthe‘inputrequirement’passdescribedabove.Finally,thevehicleblockcomputesthevehicle'sactualspeedgiventhetractiveforceandspeedlimititreceives,andusesthisspeedtocomputeaccelerationforthenexttimestep.Andsothecyclecontinuesthroughoutthedurationofthedrivingcycle.Thefollowingdescribethetorque,speed,andpowertransformationsperformedbythedrivetraincomponentmodelsthatconnectedtoeachotherasexplainedabovetobuildavehiclemodel.Inaddition,thesomewhattrickierblocksthatperformsolely‘control’functionsaredocumentedbelow.3.2.3TransmissionTorquecouplerTorquecouplerblockdiagramRoleofsubsysteminvehicle

Physically,atorquecouplerisathree-sprocketbeltorchaindrivewherebytwotorquesourcescombinetheirtorquestoprovidetoadrivetraincomponentsuchasthegearboxorfinaldrive.Thetorquecouplerblockdiagramprocessesatorqueandspeedrequestfromthedownstreamdrivetraincomponentandapportionsrequestsofthetwo‘feeder’torquesources.Descriptionofmodelingapproach

Theeffectsoftorquelossandagearratiobetweenthesecondofthetorqueinputdevicesandtheoutputaremodeledhere.Thetorquelossisaconstantwheneverthetorquecouplerisspinning.Thetorquecouplerfirstrequeststhesumofnecessaryoutputtorqueandtorquecouplerlossfromthefirsttorquesource.Usingtheactual/availabletorqueofthefirstsource,itrequeststhebalanceofthesecondtorquesource.Thespeedsofthetwotorqueprovidersareinconstantproportiontothetorquecoupleroutputspeed:thefirstinputspeedequalstheoutputspeed,andthesecondinputspeedisgreaterbyafactortc_mc_to_fc_ratio.GearboxGearboxblockdiagramRoleofsubsysteminvehicle

Thegearboxofamulti-speedtransmissionhousesgearsofdifferentgearratiosthatareusedtotransmittorquefromtheengineortractivemotortothefinaldriveandontothewheels.Ittherebyallowsanumberofdiscretespeedreductionandtorquemultiplicationfactors.Inclusionofagearboxiscriticaltothedrivetrainofconventionalandparallelhybridvehicles,andgenerallylessimportantforserieshybrids.Descriptionofmodelingapproach

ThegearboxmodelinADVISORusuallycommunicatesphysics(torque,speed,andpower)informationtoandfromthefinaldrivesubmodelandengine,torqueconverter,and/ormotormodel.ControlinformationasmightbesensedorcommandedbyaCPUinthevehicle,suchasgearnumber,ispassedtoandfromthetransmissioncontrolsubmodel.Effectsontorqueandspeedinthegearboxinclude:torquemultiplicationandspeedreductionviathegearratio,torquelossduetotheaccelerationofrotationalinertia,andtorquelossduetothefrictionoftheturninggears.Theseeffectsaremodeledempirically.Datafilessuchas<ADVISORdirectory>/data/transmission/TX_5SPD.Marerequiredtosupplynecessaryphysicalparameters.TheequationsrepresentedbytheSimulinkblockdiagraminthepicturecorrespondingtothelinkaboveareasfollows.Equationsusedinsubsystem

TORQUEANDSPEEDREQUIRED(torquereq’dintogearbox)=(torquereq’doutofgearbox)/(currentgearratio)+(torquereq’dtoacceleraterotationalinertia)+(torquelossduetofriction),where(torquereq’doutofgearbox)isaSimulinkinput(#1,inthetopleftoftheabovefigure)(currentgearratio)iscomputedfrom(currentgearnumber),whichisprovidedbythe"gearboxcontrollerinterface"block,usingthelook-upvectorgb_ratio(torquereq’dtoacceleraterotationalinertia)=gb_inertia*d(speedreq’dintogearbox)/dt(torquelossattransmissioninputduetofriction)=functionof[torqueatoutput-sideofgearbox,angularspeedatoutputsideofgearbox,gear(e.g.,1st,2nd,etc.)]--thisisimplementedwithalookup-table(speedreq’dintogearbox)=(speedreq’doutofgearbox)*(currentgearratio)TORQUEANDSPEEDAVAILABLE(torqueavail.atoutputsideofgearbox)={(torqueavail.atinputsideofgearbox)*[(outputsidepower)/(inputsidepower)]required-(torquereq’dtoacceleraterotationalinertia)}*(currentgearratio)where(torqueavail.atinputsideofgearbox)isaSimulinkinput(#2,inthebottomleftoftheabovefigure)[(outputsidepower)/(inputsidepower)]requirediscomputedfromtheinputandoutputtorquesandspeedsoftheREQUIREDcalculations(speedavail.atoutputsideofgearbox)=(speedavail.atinputsideofgearbox)/(currentgearratio)ADVISOR使用说明3.1ADVISOR的文件结构3.1.1文件交互与数据流ADVISOR文件系统的数据流如上图所示。图中有四种主要的代表类型：输入脚本文件定义工作空间的变量或者调用其它输入脚本文件，如MC_PM32.M；模块图表有一些Simulink文件组成。这些文件含有许多根据输入（如发动机特性图）计算输出（如燃油经济性）的方程；它们都是一些模型，如BD_PAR.M.；输出脚本文件通过搜索工作空间对模型输出作一些后续处理，包括一些画图程序和一些错误检查程序，如chkoutputs.m。控制脚本文件既生成输入，也对输出作一些处理。例如ADVISOR图形用户界面（GUI）和优化程序。3.1.2文件位置ADVISOR根目录下（如c:\ADVISOR或c:\ProgramFiles\ADVISOR）有一些子目录；这些子目录下是含有相应文件的数据、图形用户界面和模型子目录。3.1.3 文件命名规则变量名称前缀代表的文件类型ACC_*.M附件负载文件CYC_*.M驱动循环文件。定义变量时以cyc_开头；在模块图里则以<cyc>作为标示ESS_*.M能量存储系统数据文件。同样在定义变量时以ess_开头；在模块图里则以<ess>作为标示EX_*.M排放后处理文件（如催化剂等）FC_*.M燃料转换器数据文件TX_*.M传动系数据文件，包括变速箱（gb）和主减速器（fd）GC_*.M发电机/控制器数据文件MC_*.M电机/控制器数据文件PTC_*.M传动系控制数据文件。在定义发动机控制、离合器控制和混合控制策略变量时以vc_和cs_开头；而在模块图中则分别以<vc>和<cs>标示TC_*.M扭矩合成装置数据文件VEH_*.M整车数据文件WH_*.M车轮/车轴数据文件模型和数据文件的命名都采用一个前缀加一下划线（’_’）且使用的前缀几乎和定义的变量使用的前缀是一样的。而在模块图里这一前缀放在尖括号（<>）内。以上是ADVISOR部件文件类型：除了上述部件数据文件外，还有另一种类型文件也用前缀定义：BD_*.M——代表Simulink模块图（模型）；所有带前缀文件名用大写字母，而变量名则全部采用小写字母，以免相互混淆。3.1.4ADVISOR文件的添加向ADISOR中添加一特定类型的文件的最容易的方法是修改现有的同类型文件，并以新的文件名在适当的目录下存储。注意文件名要用大写字母。这样做容易保证定义一个部件所需的全部变量都包含在新的文件中。要添加汽车部件或驱动循环文件，用户只要点击图形用户界面中的相应按钮，按弹出菜单的指示去操作就可以了。3.1.5查看输入文件除了Matlab文件含有特定的数据以外，ADVISOR部件文件和其它几乎所有的文件都是文本文件，用户可以在任何文本编辑器上查看并编辑文件。我们建议用户使用Matlab5.3自带的编辑器和调试器。另外，查看文本文件还可在Matlab命令窗口直接输入typefilename即可。3.1.6文件的删除删除文件用户可用两种方法：一是在操作系统下直接删除，二是在Matlab命令行下输入删除命令。建议用户在操作系统下进行，这样可暂时将“删除”的文件放在垃圾箱里。3.2传动系模型的描述ADVISOR有如下六种不同类型的汽车和两种现有的特殊的汽车供选择，每一类汽车都有不同的传动系。此外ADVISOR还提供了一种自定义类型的传动系。1.常规一典型的常规汽车是客车或轿车，它仅用一个燃料转换装置（如汽油机）作为动力源。在ADVISOR中，默认的变速箱为手动五速机械式变速箱，附件为恒机械负载。2.串联混合动力串联混合动力汽车的部件包括燃料转换装置、发电机、电池和电机。燃料转换装置（如汽油机）不直接驱动汽车的车轴，而是把机械能通过发电机直接转换成电能。所有驱动汽车的转矩均来自于电机。在ADVISOR中，串联混合动力汽车默认的变速箱是单速的；默认的控制策略是串联功率跟随策略。混合动力汽车的负载为恒电功率负载。3.并联混合动力并联混合动力汽车的部件包括一个发动机、电池和一个电机。之所以命名为并联混合动力汽车，是因为燃料转换装置（如汽油机）和电机都可以直接驱动汽车的车轴。电机可反过来作为发电机给电池充电。在ADVISOR中，并联混合动力汽车默认的变速箱是五速的；默认的控制策略是并联电机辅助策略。混合动力汽车的负载为恒电功率负载。4.并联SA并联SA混合动力汽车的部件包括一个发动机、电池和一个电机。之所以命名为并联SA混合动力汽车，是因为电机的作用类似于常规汽车上的起动机（Starter）和交流发动机（Alternator），它可允许并联SA混合动力汽车上的发动机在获得最小电动辅助的情况下关闭和重新启动。称该类型汽车为并联是因为燃料转换装置（如汽油机）和电机都可以直接驱动汽车的车轴，电机可反过来作为发电机给电池充电。并联SA混合动力汽车和基本的并联混合动力汽车之间的主要区别是离合器的位置不同，前者的离合器位于变速箱和转矩合成装置之间，而后者离合器则位于转矩合成装置和发动机之间。这就意味着当汽车行驶时，发动机和电机轴都跟着转动。在ADVISOR中，并联混合动力汽车默认的变速箱是五速的；默认的控制策略是并联电机辅助策略。混合动力汽车的负载为恒电功率负载。5.自定义类型上图是用ADVISOR部件绘制的常规汽车的传动系图。值得注意的使大部分模块都有两各输入和两个输出。每一个模块都传递和变换要求的转矩，也同时传递和变换可达到的、实际的转矩和车速。图中上方的箭头（自左向右）表示的是转矩和车速需求。驱动循环模块提出车速要求，而介于驱动循环模块和转矩提供模块（此时是内燃机）之间的各个模块然后根据给定的输入计算输出。在计算过程中各个模块考虑损失、速度下降或提升以及自身的性能限制。在最后‘内燃机’根据需求的转矩输出和车速确定其能够输出的转矩和最高转速；然后将信息自右向左传给各个部件；这些部件根据实际输入决定其实际输出。和输入路径计算一样，输出也要考虑损失。最后，整车模块根据收到的牵引力和速度限制信息，计算下一时间段汽车的加速度。这一过程在整个驱动循环内